• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2018

Bacterial leaf blight(BLB), caused by X. oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo), is one of the most destructive diseases of rice due to its high epidemic potential. Understanding BLB resistance at a genetic level is important to further improve the rice breeding that provides one of the best approaches to control BLB disease. In the present investigation, a collection of 192 accessions was used in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) for BLB resistance loci against four Korean races of Xoo that were represented by the prevailing BLB isolates under Xoo differential system. A total of 192 accessions of rice germplasm were selected on the basis of the bioassay using four isolated races of Xoo such as K1, K2, K3 and K3a. The selected accessions was used to prepare 384-plex genotyping by sequencing (GBS) libraries and Illumina HiSeq 2000 paired- end read was used for GBS sequencing. GWAS was conducted using T ASSEL 5.0. The T ASSEL program uses a mixed linear model (MLM). T he results of the bioassay using a selected set of 192 accessions showed that a large number of accessions (93.75%) were resistant to K1 race, while the least number of accessions (34.37%) resisted K3a race. For races K2 and K3, the resistant germplasm proportion remained between 66.67 to 70.83%. T he genotypic data produced SNP matrix for a total of 293,379 SNPs. After imputation the missing data was removed, which exhibited 34,724 SNPs for association analysis. GWAS results showed strong signals of association at a threshold of [-log10(P-value)] more than5 (K1 and K2) and more than4 (K3 and K3a) for nine of the 39 SNPs, which are plausible candidate loci of resistance genes. T hese SNP loci were positioned on rice chromosome 2, 9, and 11 for K1 and K2 races, whereas on chromosome 4, 6, 11, and 12 for K3 and K3a races. The significant loci detected have also been illustrated, NBS-LRR type disease resistance protein, SNARE domain containing protein, Histone deacetylase 19, NADP-dependent oxidoreductase, and other expressed and unknown proteins. Our results provide a better understanding of the distribution of genetic variation of BLB resistance to Korean pathogen races and breeding of resistant rice.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2013

To diagnose sensory nerve damage, patient values for thermal stimuli as quantitative sensory test (QST) can be compared with the values of the general population (absolute reference data) or to values measured at contralateral unaffected side (relative reference data). It is well know that relative reference data are more sensitive for detecting sensory abnormality than absolute reference data. However it is still lack of the studies for comparisons between relative and absolute data. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of relative reference data and compare the sensitivities of the two approaches in the orofacial region. In 19 young Korean women as normal subjects, quantitative somatosensory thermotest were done in the forehead, cheek, mentum, lower lip and tongue tip bilaterally. After we get the standard deviations (SD) of average reference data and relative reference data, the ratios SD absolute data/SD relative data were calculated. Our study showed that relative reference data for side to side comparisons in the same patient have the high ratios than the absolute reference data, i.e. the side to side comparisons with relative reference data exhibit gain in sensitivity in assessment of sensory abnormality.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2009

Economic injury level and control thresholds for the management of beet army worm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were evaluated on chinese cabbage of two different planting time. Two inoculation times were tested for each planting and the number of inoculated larva was 10, 20, 40, 80, respectively. Damages of leaves by first inoculation were 63.2% after eight days planting on 80 larva inoculation plot. By the second inoculation, those were below 50% after 20 days planting on the end of September. The linear relationships between population density and yield reduction were as following; Y = -10.62x + 867.9 ($R^2\;=\;0.643$) for 5 days and Y=-6.432x + 1074 ($R^2\;=\;0.720$) for 20 days. Based on these results the economic injury level was 5.4 larva for five days and 9.0 larva for 20 days per 20 chinese cabbage. The control thresholds calculated by 80% level of economic injury level were 4.3 and 7.2 larva, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the economic injury levels and control thresholds for the striped cabbage flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), on Chinese cabbage at two different planting times. The number of inoculated adults per 10 cabbages was 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 at the early developmental stage of the cabbage5 days after planting) and 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 at the middle developmental stage (30 days after planting). Damages to the leaves at the first inoculation were 2.5-21.1% and at the second inoculation were 1.8-26.3% after harvesting. The linear relationships between population density and yield reduction were as follows: Y = 1.3475X + 2.135 ($R^2$ = 0.8699) at the early developmental stage and Y = 0.703X - 1.78 ($R^2$ = 0.966) at the middle developmental stage. On the basis of these results, the economic injury levels caused 5% loss of yield; there were 2.1 adults per 10 Chinese cabbage at the early developmental stage and 9.6 adults per 10 Chinese cabbage at the middle developmental stage.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.374-382
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• 2017

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unexplained and untreated despite the high attention of research in recent years. Aside from its various characteristics is the baffling male preponderance over the female population. Using a validated animal model of ASD which is the telomerase reverse transcriptase overexpressing mice (TERT-tg), we conducted ASD-related behavioral assessments and protein expression experiments to mark the difference between male and females of this animal model. After statistically analyzing the results, we found significant effects of TERT overexpression in sociability, social novelty preference, anxiety, nest building, and electroseizure threshold in the males but not their female littermates. Along these differences are the male-specific increased expressions of postsynaptic proteins which are the NMDA and AMPA receptors in the prefrontal cortex. The vGluT1 presynaptic proteins, but not GAD, were upregulated in both sexes of TERT-tg mice, although it is more significantly pronounced in the male group. Here, we confirmed that the behavioral effect of TERT overexpression in mice was male-specific, suggesting that the aberration of this gene and its downstream pathways preferentially affect the functional development of the male brain, consistent with the male preponderance in ASD.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.671-676
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• 2005

A total of 50 individual catfish, the Tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus) cultivated in either floating cages (Tra-c) or in ponds (Tra-p) and the Basa (Pangasius bocourti) raised in three floating cages, were collected in two of the Mekong Delta provinces. The caudal fin of each individual fish was used for protein electrophoresis employing the SDS-PAGE method. The one fillet sides were used as a representative sample to determine the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and amino acids (AAs). The catfish oil was extracted from the belly fats, and the fatty acid (FA) composition was analyzed. There were 21 bands of the Tra and the Basa. Protein bands of the two varieties were 28.6-33.3% polymorphic, while polymorphic individuals of the Tra ranged from 80.0 to 100.0%, and the Basa was 90.0% polymorphic. The phenotypic diversity (Ho) of the Tra ranged from 1.71 to 1.80, while the Basa ranged as high as 2.14%. Diversity values (H$_{EP}$) for genetic diversity markers were equal in the Tra and the Basa. The sum of the effective number of alleles (SENA) of both varieties ranged from 3.40 to 3.83 for the Basa and the Tra, respectively. The lower values of Ho and SENA, as compared with those of the fresh water prawn (Macrobrachium equidens) in the area, would suggest that the species with the low values will become extinct due to inbreeding; the gene pools of each observed population were below a suitable threshold. Many of the differences in the nutritional values of the Tra-c, the Tra-p and the Basa were measured; their nutrient values were comparable to fishmeal or fish oil. Most of the DM, CP, and EE were higher in the Tra, especially in the Tra-c. The essential AA content, especially that of lysine, was highest in the Tra-c, next highest in the Tra-p, and lowest in the Basa. Therefore, the amino acid patterns were closer to the ideal patterns in the same sequences. In contrast, the essential FAs were concentrated in the Basa fish oil. It was found that suitable selection of parents for seed production is required to avoid inbreeding. Catfish may be valuable sources of nutrition for both humans and animals, and the differences in their nutritional values by variety and/or management must be taken into account.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.431-435
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• 2007

Control thresholds for the management of beet army worm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) were evaluated on welsh onion of two different planting time. Two inoculation times were tested for each planting and the number of inoculated larva was 5, 10, 20, 40 per twenty plants. The injured rate of leaves was 33.5% to 10.9% at 7th September at 40 to 5 larva inoculation plot on the five days planting. That of leaves was 20.5% at 40 larva on the twenty days planting. The yields of welsh onion on non-inoculation plot were 4,395 kg per 10a. The rate of reduced yields was 49.2%(1,774.2 kg) and 36.5%(2,220.5 kg) at 40 larva inoculation on the 5 and 20 days planting, respectively. The linear relationships between population density and yield reduction were as following; it was Y=-43.474X + 3419.6 ($R^2\;=\;0.9698$) for 5 days and Y=-32.977X + 3518.9 ($R^2\;=\;0.9928$) for 20 days. Based on these results the control threshold level was estimated to be 1.8 larva for 5 days and 4.6 larva for 20 days per 20 plant. The more damaged leaves by S. exigua larva, the more yield reduction on welsh onion.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2015

Although it is well-known that environmental noise can lead to hearing loss in individuals, the true extent of subway noise effects in the general population remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present study is to see changes of acoustic reflex thresholds and speech perception scores when passengers listen to music presented from their personal listening device in the subway. Forty subjects with normal hearing participated being divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. As a baseline, all subjects were measured by acoustic reflex thresholds in five test frequencies and Korean speech perception in noise (KSPIN) test at 0 and -5 dB SNR. In the experiment, the control group read newspaper or magazine in the subway noise, whereas the experimental group listened to music presented from their smartphone under the subway noise through speakers at 73.45 dBA for 60 min. After completing the experiment, two groups also conducted both acoustic reflex thresholds and KSPIN tests in the same condition as the baseline. The results showed that there was a significant difference of correct percent in speech-in-noise test between experimental and control groups and of that between two signal-to-noise ratios, which means the double noise exposure of 60 min might cause some degradation of speech perception when noise increases compared to only subway noise condition that was not statistically significant difference. We concluded that a risk of some degraded speech perception ability would be expected when passengers have a habit of listening to music in the subway noisy situation for a long duration.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.49-55
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• 2012

A 1.28 L-batch reactor and continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) fed with formate and trichloroethene (TCE) were operated for 120 days and 56 days, respectively, to study the effect of formate as electron donor on anaerobic reductive dechlorination (ARD) of TCE to cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (c-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and ethylene (ETH). In batch reactor, injected 60 ${\mu}mol$ TCE was completely degraded in the presence of 20% hydrogen gas ($H_2$) in less than 8 days by anaerobic dechlorination mixed-culture (300 mg-soluble protein), Evanite Culture with ability to completely degrade tetrachloroethene (PCE) and -TCE to ETH under anaerobic conditions. Once the formate was used as electron donor instead of hydrogen gas in batch or chemostat system, the TCE-dechlorination rate decreased and acetate production rate increased. It indicates that the concentration of hydrogen produced in both systems is possibly more close to threshold for homoacetogenesis process. Soluble protein concentration of Evanite culture during the batch test increased from 300 mg to 688 mg for 120 days. Through the protein monitoring, we confirmed an increase of microbial population during the reactor operation. In CFSTR test, TCE was fed continuously at 9.9 ppm (75.38 ${\mu}mol/L$) and the influent formate feed concentration increased stepwise from 1.3 mmol/L to 14.3 mmol/L. Injected TCE was accumulated at 18 days of HRT, but TCE was completely degraded at 36 days of HRT without accumulation of the injected-TCE during the left of experiment period, getting $H_2$ from fermentative hydrogen production of injected formate. Although c-DCE was also accumulated for 23 days after beginning of CFSTR operation, it reached steady-state in the presence of excessive formate. We also evaluated microbial dynamic of the culture at different chemical state in the reactor by DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2011

The Rio Grande Compact Commission, in collaboration with local water management entities, water users and universities established a three state Rio Grande The Rio Grande Compact Commission, in collaboration with local water management entities, water users and universities established a three state Rio Grande Salinity Management Program. The objectives of the Rio Grande Project Salinity Management Program are to reduce salinity concentrations, loading, and salinity impacts in the Rio Grande basin for the 270 mile river reach from San Acacia, New Mexico to Fort Quitman, Texasto increase usable water supplies for agricultural, urban, and environmental purposes. The focus of this first phase of the program is the development of baseline salinity and hydrologic information and a preliminary assessment of the economic impacts of salinity. An assessment of the economic impacts of salinity in this region was conducted by scientists at Texas A&M University's AgriLife Research Center at El Paso and New Mexico State University. Economic damages attributable to high salinity of Rio Grandewater were estimated for residential, agricultural, municipal, and industrial uses. The major impact issues addressed were: who is being affected the types of economic impacts the magnitude of economic damages overall and by user category and identification of threshold-effect levels for different types of water use. Salinity concentrations in this 270 mile reach of the river typically range from 480 ppm to 1,200 ppm, but can exceed 3,000 ppm in the lower section of this reach. Economic impacts include reductions in agricultural yields, reduced water appliance life, equipment replacement costs, and increased water supply costs. This preliminary economic assessment indicates annual damages of $10.5 million from increased water salinity. Under current water uses, municipal and industrial uses account for 75% of the total estimated impacts. However, agricultural impacts are based on current crop pattern yield reductions and, salinity leaching requirements and do not account for the impacts of reduced revenue from having to grow salinity tolerant, lower value crops. Actual damages are anticipated to be significantly higher with the inclusion of these additional agricultural impacts plus the future impacts from the growing population in the region. A more comprehensive economic analysis is planned for the second phase of this program. Results of the economic analysis are being used to determine the feasiblity of salinity control alternatives and what salinity reduction control measures will be pursued.