• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.443-449
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• 2017

The imbalance of air supply and the exhaust on subway platforms has led to the installation of platform screen doors in underground subway stations. This imbalance causes the accumulation of pollutants on the platform and loss of comfort due to the lack of ventilation. In this study, a floor exhaust system was optimized using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and an optimization program. The optimized floor exhaust system was manufactured and tested experimentally to evaluate the particle collection efficiency. CFX 17.0 and HEEDS were used to analyze the flow field and optimize the principal dimensions of the exhaust system. As a result of the three-step optimization, the optimized floor exhaust system had a total height of 1.78 m, pressure drop of 430 Pa, and particle collection capability of 61%. A fine dust particle collection experiment was conducted using a floor exhaust system that was manufactured at full scale based on the optimized design. The experiment indicated about 65% particle collection efficiency. Therefore, the optimized design can be applied to subway platforms to draw in exhaust air and remove particulate matter at the same time.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

The purpose of this research was to develop and present methods to detect sinkholes which can exist underneath the surface of the ground. First, we buried a water tank with dimensions $1.8{\times}0.8{\times}0.8m$ at a distance of 1.8 m from the surface. This played the role of the sinkhole. Secondly, we created a square zone with sides 12 meters away from the buried water tank. Within this zone, we measured the gravity at 1-meter intervals using a Scintrex CG5 relative gravimeter with a resolution of 0.001 mGal. Additionally, we performed three-dimensional (3-D) gravity modeling to calculate the theoretical values of the relative gravity around our model sinkhole. The resulting values for the relative gravity around the sinkhole depended on the method used. The measured effect of gravity was 0.036 mGal and the effect calculated using 3-D modeling was 0.024 mGal. Our results suggest that sinkholes that are similar in size to the water tank used in this study can be detected using relative gravity surveys. Smaller sinkholes can be detected by reducing the intervals between the relative gravity measurements.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.3 s.86
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• pp.306-313
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• 1998

The occurrences of ectomycorrhizal fungi were investigated in a pine-mushroom forest at Hongcheon, Korea. The fairy rings of Tricholoma matsutake were figured by the sporocarp places of T. matsutake for three years $(1995{\sim}1997)$, and the occurrences of other ectomycorrhizal fungi were surveyed with x and y dimensions for two years $(1996{\sim}1997)$. The diameters of fairy rings of T. matsutake ranged from 2m to 10m, which indicated that the age of the fairy rings as $10{\sim}50$ years when we consider that the growth of the fairy ring used to show about 10 cm per year. Russula bella, R. sororia, R. delica and Cantharellus minor were the major species occurred on the site during the survey period, and each species occupied 16.0%, 12.8%, 12.4% and 7.0% of total mushroom occurrence, respectively. From the results, we could conclude that the surveyed stand was a productivity-declining forest from the view point of pine-mushroom production. In addition, Amanita pantherina, Suillus bovinus, Ramaria flaccida and Laccaria amethystea were considered to be the indicator species for declining of pine-mushroom productivity since some fruiting bodies of the species appeared around the fairy ring of T. matsutake.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.339-353
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• 2003

The rapid increase in food borne illness outbreaks in Korea has been one of the major threats to the Nation's Health. Foodservice establishments have been identified as the major place for these outbreaks, mainly due to the lack of sanitary management and sanitary facility management practices. The purposes of the study were to develop hospital foodservice facility evaluation tools, based on the general HACCP-based standards and guidelines, for hospital food service establishments, to ensure the safety of these foodservices and to reduce the risk of food home illness. The scope of this study included: 1) an assessment of the current foodservice sanitation practices and managements for 6 general hospitals, with more than 400 beds, and 3 general hospitals, with less than 400 beds; 2) the development of foodservice establishments sanitation evaluation tools and sanitation standards, based on the HACCP system. The survey data showed varied results between the hospitals surveyed. Most of the hospital foodservice operations had many problems with ventilation and the plumbing. The total dimensional mean scores for the hospitals with more than 400 beds and less than 400 beds were 31.5 and 27.0, respectively. The highest dimension scores were for the water supply facility and lighting, with the lowest for insect and rodent control and toxic materials management. The levels of the mean scores were very low, especially for the general hospitals with less than 400 beds. These low mean scores may have arisen from critical problems within the hospital foodservice operations. The most needed facility management items for improvement were: storage shelf should be spaced 6 inches from the floor and walls, the use of three compartment sinks, utility sinks and cleaning facilities, with a floor drain for cleaning mops or liquid wastes, a ventilation hood designed to prevent dripping onto food, cooking facilities should be disassembled for washing and sanitizing, a separated hand washing sink and a sanitized food board for each area should be provided, all toxic material must have warning labels attached, and be stored in an area away from food preparation under padlock. The evaluation tool consisted of 14 dimensions, with 65 check-off items. The results of this study will provide basic facilities' guidelines to regulators, or foodservice industry personnel, wishing to build, or expend, and establish an efficient flow of food. As a result, food borne illnesses will be effectively prevented, and the Nation's health will be promoted for the development of their own sanitation standards, with a checklist for the safe production of foods.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.380-392
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• 2009

This study aims to understand what aspects among perceived environmental cues affect on satisfaction and behavior intention of visitors with the object of Gwangju Chungjang Festival 2008, which is a city festival. The survey was performed in the festival period, from October 7 through, 12 2008 with 300 visitors who finished the touring of the Festival. All the 300 questionnaires were returned, but only 270 out of 300 were used, except for the unfaithful responses, for the analysis. For statistical process of the collected data, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis and multiple regression were performed by using SPSS 12.0 for Windows via the process of data coding. As the result, first, the factor, environmental cues of city festival were shown differently in three dimensions of satisfaction. In other words, 'food factor' is an important factor for festival satisfaction. Second, for re-visit intention, which is the consequence variable and behavior intention of satisfaction regarding the environmental cue factor, 'convenient facility factor' and 'accessibility and promotion factor' were significant and 'promotion and guidance factor' for the recommendation factor was significant. On the contrary, 'food factor' did not have significant impact. Third and finally, as the analysis result of impact of festival satisfaction on re-visit intention and recommendation intention, which are the behavior intentions, festival satisfaction was significant. This study aims suggestion of development strategies for Gwangju Chungjang Festival 2008. It is appropriate time for this study at the point of promoting city festivals. Also, suggestions in this study can help promotion of development direction.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.63
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• pp.83-113
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• 2016

This paper is focused on objective and meaning of its compilation through reviewing system, composition, method of description, and content of "Jwagyebudam". "Jwagyebudam" has all round form of a history and character book by recording via arranging figures from the end of 16th century to the middle of 18th century in a chronological order. Figure were not only assigned at close range by steretyping people into groups to a degree in it, but also recorded in a chronological order. In view of method of description, "Jwagyebudam" concentrated a theme by recording via separating different people associated from a figure and content of the same event by using the same method like 'Hogeonbeom(互見法)' shown in "Sagiyeoljeon(史記列傳)". In addition, it obtained effect to objectify evaluation of figures included. In a method of embodying figures, it has described concretely and in a three dimensions figures by recording anecdotes and poems associated with them via focusing on lifelong characteristic aspect of corresponding figures. In other words, "Jwagyebudam" can be called by biographies or character books, writings specialized in characters center among writings of method to weave freely experience. In a broad sense, it can be called a writing to cover a function of history book, poem and picture. This was located to a starting point of variation of inclusive and descriptive method. Namely, several kinds of writings in late Joseon dynasty can show aspect to fulfill specialized aspect gradually.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.91-111
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• 2017

Purposes of this study, summoning thoughts and activities of Toynbee Hall of the UK and Hull House of the US held in between the end of 19C and the early 20C, are two folded: first, it is to examine the momentum and aims for which 'social' work was progressively established at that time; second, it is to look for implications for today's social work practice through understanding their characteristic activities and the context in which 'social' work was devised as an alternative in the two nations. The study method mainly relies on literature review, but further goes on to analyze the spirit of the age when settlement house was constructed as a welfare space and activities, leadership demonstrated in there, and to draw meanings for today, in terms of three dimensions: aim and location, professionality and education, and social action. Some of useful findings are: first, the COS and settlement house need to be considered in a continuum of socially responsive remedies against poverty and social work practice was developed in the process of 'suggestion-performance-critique-alternative suggestion-emergence of social work', rather than contrasting the two as opposite roots of social work practice. Second, settlement house was a socially constructed welfare space that contained intersectional dynamics of class, gender, personal vs. social, private vs. public, surrounding poverty issue. Third, besides differences between the two settlements, both purported for public goods and well-being and tried to realize the 'social' in that society. Lastly, this study explored historical meanings of settlement house as the welfare space with critical questions and discussed implications for social work practice today.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.257-295
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• 2018

This study delineates how recipients access, understand, and make use of social welfare information in their life-worlds. Through this vivid illustration about recipients' information behaviors, this research aims to suggest that government-centred welfare informatization policy should be readjusted. South Korean government has made enormous efforts to deliver and share social welfare information and knowledge with recipients, by organizing IT eduction programmes, offering free computers, and opening welfare portals. However, despite of such endeavors, not a few recipients find difficulty in gaining, grasping, and using welfare information. In fact, welfare informatization programmes have so far been initiated by the governmental bureaucratic system, and the voice of recipients have hardly been reflected on the informatization policy. Starting from this problem, this study examines how low-income recipients perceive and accept social welfare information in their daily lives and reflects on social welfare information at their point. For this purpose, this research conducted in-depth interviews with 14 recipients and analyzed the data using a framework analysis method. Based on the results, it raises the need for the remodelling of current welfare informatization measures from the perspective of recipients rather than following the custom of the bureaucratic system.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.161-180
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• 2018

Environmental value is essential to the survival and development of humans. Environmental value and its importance are being emphasized, and related disputes are being expanded. The concept of green logistics is understood to be the same as that of the environment. As a way to preserve nature and engage in sustainable development, green logistics includes all logistical activities for protecting nature and minimizing or reducing behaviors that harm the environment for all processes, including using and reusing products and abolishing the search for resources by final users. All areas of human activity, such as the political, economic, social, and cultural sectors, strive to protect and preserve the environment and nature. In particular, the preservation of the environment shall be stressed in the economic activities that produce various products and expand the value added, and similarly for the social aspects. Green (environment) logistics aims to protect the environment and expand the prevention of environmental destruction and minimization on Earth. Some important cases and experiences that were introduced and applied in major countries are summarized. This research reviewed previous studies and the concepts of green logistics, including at ports, which represent a key sector of logistical activities. In this paper, air and water pollution at Incheon Port were investigated, and alternatives and system figures related to improving environmental logistics regarding three dimensions-country, company, and civil society-are recommended.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.183-192
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• 2021

Along with the changing times, organizational culture is also rapidly changing, and such organizational culture enables companies to secure discriminatory competitive advantage in the mid-to long-term perspective. This study aims to examine the impact of organizational culture on improving competitive advantage of enterprises by dividing organizational culture into three dimensions: development culture, rational culture, and consensus culture. To this end, a survey was conducted on small and medium-sized companies. As a whole, the rational culture, which is task-oriented and puts competition as a motivating factor, was more strongly prevalent than other organizational cultures, and in order of development culture, rational culture, and consensus culture, it affects the improvement of competitive advantage. This means that development culture and rational culture, which emphasize high-tech and productivity, are more important to improve the competitive advantage of small and medium-sized companies. In addition, the analysis of differences according to the size of employees showed that rational culture was important when the size of employees was small, but the larger the size of employees, the more important the development culture was to improve the competitive advantage of companies. Through this study, we were able to understand what organizational culture should be emphasized according to the size of small and medium enterprises.