• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.103-116
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• 2017

We studied the actual condition of work environment and work morale according to the type of employment of service workers by using the raw data of the Fourth Work Environment Survey (2014) conducted by the Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. In this study, the condition of work environment were composed of work posture, emotional labor, and work autonomy. Also, dimensions related to work morale were composed of competence, job satisfaction, social support, and job stress. In addition, the employment was classified into three types of regular workers, temporary workers, and daily workers. The results showed that temporary and daily workers were more likely to work in a less favorable environment than regular workers, and there was a close correlation between work environment and work morale. Based on this study, it is possible to know about the actual situation and problems of the service workers, and it is hoped that company can search for measures to increase the working environment and work morale of the workers in order to provide better service.

• Strategy21
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• s.31
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• pp.85-119
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• 2013

This paper asks whether the Republic of Korea (ROK) Navy should continue to focus on building ocean-going naval ships when it faces the threats of North Korean provocations in littoral areas. My position is that the ROK Navy should keep pursuing ocean-going capabilities. I provide explanations why it should do so from the perspectives of three important dimensions: capability, doctrine, and organizational identity. First, I argue that the distinction between a littoral navy and an ocean-going navy is an unnecessary dichotomy. It may lead to inefficiency in national security. The military posture should be designed in a way that it can address all external threats to national security regardless of whether they are from North Korea or not. Such capability is the one that the ROK Navy has tried to acquire with the 'Blue Water Navy' initiative since the 1990s. Second, also from the perspective of lately developed military doctrines that emphasize jointness and precision strike capability, ocean-going capabilities such as the mobile task fleet program have become a must, not an option, given today's security situations on and around the Korean peninsula. Lastly, I draw attention to the fact that the 'Blue Water Navy (BWN)' initiative meant more than just capability to the ROK navy. The BWN represents the ROK navy's organizational identity that the navy has defined since the 1980s as it emphasized promoting national interest and international standing as part of its organizational essence. Furthermore, the phrase 'blue water navy' took on symbolic meanings to the people that are associated with South Korean-ness including sovereignty, national pride, standing in the world and hopes for the future. Since 1990s, many scholars and experts have made the case for the necessity of improving South Korea's naval capability based on different rationales. They emphasized the protection of Sea Lines of Communication (SLOCs), the economic value of the sea, the potential danger associated with territorial disputes over islands, and increasing naval power of neighboring countries since the end of the Cold War. This paper adds to this debate by trying to explain the matter with different factors including naval doctrines and organizational identity. Particularly, this paper constitutes a unique endeavor in that it incorporating constructivist elements (that is, identity politics) in explaining a national security matter.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.9
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• pp.1-17
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to investigate clothing involvement and clothing information source on personality types. Personality types were applied using Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI). Clothing involvement was measured using 17 questions of 5-point scales. Clothing information source was measured using 16 items of 5-point scales. The data were collected from 275 female using questionnaire. The data analysed with frequence, factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan test. The clothing involvement included three factors: Symbolic Expression, Pleasure and Interest, and Fashionability. The clothing information source included four factors: Printed Media, Radio Media, Professional Media and Store Search. Extroversion-introvertion and thinking-feeling index had significant difference in the dimensions of clothing involvement. Extroversion types were significantly evaluated fashionability more than introvertion types(t=2.008, p<.05). Feeling types were significantly evaluated fashionability more than thinking types (t=2.428, p<.05). Extroversion-introvertion index had significant difference in clothing information source. Extroversion types were significantly used printed media more than Introvertion types.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 2018

As men in their 30s are spending more money on clothing, it is becoming increasingly important to first conduct an anthropometric study and then develop garment patterns accommodating the changes found in body sizes and types of men in their 30s, in order to effectively address their fit dissatisfaction. Thus this study aims to explore changes in upper body sizes and body types of men in their 30s, which provide basic measurements for designing major garment items including jackets and shirts. To this purpose, key anthropometric dimensions of the upper body of men in their 30s, taken from the 6th (2015) and 7th (2016) surveys conducted by Size Korea, were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Independent sample t-tests were conducted on major upper body sizes to track changes with measuring time. Factor and cluster analyses were used to classify body types. By comparing the two surveys, it was found that the overall body sizes of men in their 30s were increasing in height-related items, circumference, thickness, and width, -as well as body weight and BMIs. Upper body height-related items, in particular, showed a higher average value in the 6th survey than in the 7th, indicating that the overall body types of men are becoming "westernized" with longer legs and shorter torso. Finally, five factors were derived to determine the typical upper body types of men in their 30s and the body types were classified into three categories according to the cluster analysis. First, those with a relatively small build with short stature and torso. Second, those with the highest stature and vertical dimension with the smallest torso volume and least body fatness. Third, those with the biggest torso volume and most body fatness with bigger width between armpits and shoulders. The distributional pattern analysis showed that men in their 30s tend to have increasingly higher stature but lower body weight and BMIs than in the past, implying that their body types are becoming close to those of men in their 20s.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.135-164
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• 2008

This research is to offer a structured yet practical ex-ante evaluation methodology for IT investment. Benchmarking the best practices of four Korean organizations, we try to integrate core processes, relevant measures, and evaluation dimensions into a consistent and wholesome body of evaluating methodology. The best practices we considered encompass a wide range of business enterprises, including for-profit, non-profit, service-oriented, and manufacturing entities. The proposed methodology consists of three stages; the first stage checks the validity of investments by looking into comprehensiveness of planning, willingness to accomplish, justifiable grounds for the investments, overlapping investments, and obstructing risks; the second do so by putting an IT investment into economic, strategic, and technological perspectives; and the last third would produce a unified quantity that summarizes outcome of the previous stages. Incorporating the proven knowledge, guidelines, and quantifying tools, the methodology could make a valuable reference model for IT evaluation practitioners who have been bedeviled by having to going through such ex-ante evaluations.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.75-88
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• 2020

Given the development of information technology, various methods for efficient information delivery have been constructed as the method of delivering product information moves from offline and 2D to online and 3D. These attempts not only are about delivering product information in an online space where no real product exists but also play a crucial role in diversifying and revitalizing online shopping by providing virtual experiences to consumers. 360 product image is a photorealistic VR that allows a subject to be rotated and photographed to view objects in three dimensions. 360 product image has also attracted considerable attention considering that it can deliver richer information about an object compared with the existing still image photography. 360 product image is influenced by divergent production factors, and accordingly, a difference emerges in the responses of users. However, as the history of technology is short, related research is also insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to grasp the responses of users, which vary depending on the type of products and the number of source images in the 360 product image process. To this end, a representative product among the product groups that can be frequently found in online shopping malls was selected to produce a 360 product image and experiment with 75 users. The emotional responses to the 360 product image were analyzed through an experimental questionnaire to which the semantic classification method was applied. The results of this study could be used as basic data to understand and grasp the sensitivity of consumers to 360 product image.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.133-134
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• 1982

This experiment has been made to investigate the absorption of watersoluble zinc chloride by Pinus densiflora S. et Z. at different moisture content, under soaking process, to decide the optimum content condition for the maximum absorption of zinc chloride by the wood tested and to investigate the concentration of zinc chloride affecting each moisture content of wood. Material was cut in the Dept. of Forest, College of Agr. S.N.U. Suwon, Korea. Sample was divided into sap and heartwood group and cut $2{\times}2{\times}2\;cm$ in size, having exact three dimensions, using the part of D.B.H. The numbers of sample were 20 pieces for each moisture content condition for both sap and heartwood. Especially, the samples were protected from exposure to keep moisture content in green condition. The ranges of moisture content tested were as the table 3 and 4. The conclusions were as follows: 1. With 3% zinc chloride solution, the rate of absorption decreased with the time increased, if the air seasoned Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) was treated in steeping process. Initial absorption for 30 minutes was more than 50% of total absorpon for 24 hours. 2. Rate of absorption was same under the green condition, while rate of absorption under the moisture content 7 to 30% varied. 3. Although it was not quite proportional change in the absorption with the difference of moisture content, the great change in the absorption occured by seasoning. With exception sap green condition, sapwood twice more permeable than the heartwood in the oven dried condition and it has been observed the nearly same amount of absorption at the moisture content of 7%, 10% and 15% respectively in heartwood. 4. It was better from water in wood from view-point of absorption of zinc chloride solution, but it was difficult practically to obtain the smallest moisture content, and then it was decided that values of allowable moisture content, on the basis of mean absorption, were 15% to 20% in the sapwood, and in the heartwood, 10% to 15%. The mean absorption for each moisture content in the sap and the heartwood were as following. 5. In general, the concentration of zinc chloride after steeping was nearly same between moisture content and sap and heartwood respectively.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.5-25
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• 2016

The purpose of this study develops the methodology to extract the poor deprived districts using the data from the national spatial data infrastructure portal. Particularly this study tries to select more acute indicators and to test the operability of such indicators. Also this study is focused on the versatile methodology that can be adjusted to incorporate alternative indicators that might be appropriate according to the hierarchy of the spatial unit. The indicator sets are composed of three dimensions: the poor class, the poor old housing, and poor residential neighborhood environment. Each representative indicator is selected based on the characteristics of the poor deprived districts. As a result, at the level of administrative Dong, key indicators for extracting the poor deprived districts are number of recipients of national basic living security per thousand persons and ratio of households living at old detached house. At the level of the national based zip code district, the ratio of buildings built on parcels located at roads below 4m in width, the ratio of small parcels below $60m^2$ and the ratio of poor old buildings are very important indicators. The result of grid analysis by overlaying the coverage of multiple indicators shows that relatively more vulnerable and deprived districts can be extracted at the small sub-district level. This study suggests the possibility to create the high value-added information, using the data from the national spatial data infrastructure portal. This methodology enables policymakers to select the priority target districts of poor deprived district more effectively.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.227-241
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• 1996

The effect of collagen dissolution in acid conditioned dentin was morphologically examined by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. 18 freshly extracted human molars and dentin bonding systems of All Bond 2, Scotchbond Multipurpose, Superbond D-Liner were used in this study. For SEM preparation, each 3 of ~ exposed dentin surfaces were acid conditioned by using various acids within the above three bonding systems respectively. After acid conditioning of the other 3 exposed dentin surfaces as above, they were treated with 1.7% NaOCl for 2 minutes. The remaining 3 dentin surfaces were acid conditioned and treated with 3.3 % NaOCl for 2 minutes. All of the specimens were then fixed in 4 % glutaraldehyde for 12 h at $4^{\circ}C$ and dehydrated in ethanols grades from 50 % to 100 %, then surface changes of the specimens were observed by using SEM. For TEM preparation, exposed dentin surfaces were acid conditioned with the same acid as SEM specimens and treated with 1.7%, 3.3 % NaOCl respectively, then applied with corresponding bonding agents. After the procedures were finished, composite resin were applied on the dentin surfaces and light cured. Small, rectangular sticks with end dimensions of approximately 1 by 1 mm were sectioned and further sample preparative techniques for transmission electron microscopy were performed in accordance with the procedures used for ultrastructural TEM observations of calcified tissues. The results were as follows : 1. In the 1.7 % NaOCl retreated specimens after acid conditioning, the porous dentin surface of intertubular dentin and wide opening of dentinal tubules were appeared. And there were fine irregularities on the intertubular dentin, indicating a clear difference as compared with the acid conditioned specimens. 2. In the 3.3% NaOCl retreated specimens after acid conditioning, the intertubular dentin was further eroded causing a more porous and wider opening of dentinal tubules. Moreover, sharp irregularities on the intertubular dentin were more evident than those of acid conditioned and 1.7% NaOCl retreated specimens. 3. In all of the acid conditioned specimens, the resin-dentin hybrid layer of approximately 3.5mm thickness was formed and the collapsed collagen layer was observed on the uppermost part of hybrid layer in the specimens applied with All Bond 2. The collgen fibrils of intertubular dentin in specimens applied with Scotchbond Multipurpose were running perpendicular to the interface, and electron dense black layer demarcated from the deep unaltered dentin was more evident in the specimen applied with Superbond D-Liner than any other specimens. 4. In the 1.7 % NaOCl retreated specimens after acid conditioning, the resin-dentin hybrid layer of approximately 2.5-3.0mm thickness was formed and the collapsed collagen layer and longitudinally running collagen fibrils as shown in the acid conditioned specimens were observed in the specimens applied with All Bond 2 and Superbond D-Liner. 5. In all of the 3.3% NaOCl retreated specimens after acid conditioning, the evidence of resin-dentin hybrid layer was not identified ; nevertheless, the longitudinally running collagen fibrils remained slightly in the specimens applied with All Bond 2.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.426-432
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• 2010

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a mixed extract of three herbs, Panax Notoginseng, Rehmanniae Radix and Acanthopanacis cortex (AIF), for the treatment of horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Twelve healthy male horses were included in this study. Horses were assigned to one of two groups: the AIF group (n=6) or the control group (n=6). Osteoarthritis was induced in all horses by intraarticular injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (0.12 mg/kg). Horses in the AIF group received 3 g of AIF with food daily, and those in the control group received food only. Treatment began on the day of intraarticular injection. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed every 2 weeks. At week 12, horses were euthanatized, and postmortem gross pathologic and histologic examinations of the middle carpal joint were performed. There were no significant differences in clinical values between the two groups. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the percentages of narrowness of joint space width in the control group were significantly higher than those in the AIF group (p<0.02). On gross pathologic examination, the mean total dimensions of articular cartilage erosions and fibrillations in the control group ($101.5{\pm}41.5mm^2$) were significantly wider than those in the AIF group ($29.3{\pm}39.7mm^2$; p<0.01). On histopathologic evaluation, significantly higher grades of staining intensity and lower empty lacunae (EL) ratios were found in the AIF group (p<0.03). The present study revealed that AIF had significant disease modifying effects in horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis.