• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.642-651
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• 2003

This study was performed using mealtime atmosphere to characterize the food ecology of Korean children residing in different regions of Korea. A total of 705 elementary school students, 347 girls and 358 boys, were divided into three groups according to the areas where they lived, which included Seoul (n=230), provincial cities (n=273) and rural areas (n=202). The subjects were asked to fill out questionnaires which were categorized to determine various factors related to food ecology, life styles, and health related symptoms. The average age of the study subjects was 11.5 years. The results showed that the average height (p<0.01), weight (p<0.01) and body mass index (BMIs) (p< 0.01) of the rural group were significantly lower than those of the Seoul and provincial city groups. A significantly higher proportion (10.4%) of the rural group was from disfunctional families, including single parent families, than those of the Seoul (1.7%) or provincial city (4.4%) groups. However, a larger number of children from Seoul ate alone, did not enjoy their meals, and hardly talked to each other during breakfast time, compared to those from the provincial city or rural areas. Also, the proportion (33.0%) of ‘good’ in balance of meal was the lowest (33.0%) in Seoul of the three areas (p<0.01). Most of the children answered that they liked having breakfast and dinner with the whole family. In conclusion, the food ecology of elementary children differed according to the regions in which they resided. Although children from Seoul had higher BMIs, their nutritional intake was not satisfactory, and their undesirable food ecology could be a contributing factor.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.17.1-17.5
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• 2012

Ayurveda is a nearly 3000 years old traditional medical system of India. Most of the time, people turn to ayurvedic physicians in desperate conditions. Here clinical practices of Ayurveda were initially found effective in the management of migraine among few patients. Later, it was developed as an ayurvedic treatment protocol (ATP) which consists of four herbo-mineral formulations (HMF), three meals and three snacks in a day with eight hours sleep at night. ATP brought significant relief in reducing the frequency, intensity of pain and associated symptoms in the migraine patients. IHS diagnostic criteria was followed to establish the diagnosis of migraine and uniform ATP was prescribed to each patient who were primarily treated by the ayurvedic physicians at their respective clinics. Such observations were presented at appropriate international forums. In an effort to validate the above, the present study carries the details of nine migraine patients who were first diagnosed and treated for migraine by a leading headache expert at Mumbai in India and were then referred to receive ATP. A total number of nine subjects volunteered to this program. Out of those, seven subjects completed 120 days of ATP. Five subjects reported significant improvement in overall symptoms of migraine. All subjects were followed up periodically for four years. No Grade II side effects were observed in any treated case. HMF has also been proved to be safe in experimental studies. Further pharmacological and randomized controlled clinical studies are in progress at the respective departments of a premier medical institute in India.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.530-538
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Calcium is important but deficient in diets of young adult women. This study aimed to examine if cognitive factors and eating behaviors differ according to calcium intake based on the Social Cognitive Theory. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were female college students in Seoul, Korea. Three hundred students completed the questionnaire regarding calcium intake, nutrition knowledge, outcome expectations, self-efficacy and eating behaviors. Data on 240 students were analyzed using t-test or ${\chi}^2$-test. Subjects were categorized into two groups, high calcium intake (HC, ${\geq}650mg/day$) and low calcium intake (LC, < 650 mg/day), according to recommended intakes of calcium for women aged 19-29 years. RESULTS: The LC group constituted 77.9% of total subjects. Nutrition knowledge was not different according to calcium intake. Three out of 12 outcome expectations items were significantly different between the HC and LC groups. Subjects in the HC group agreed more strongly with the practical benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods, including 'taste' (P < 0.01) and 'going well with other snacks' (P < 0.05), compared to those in the LC group. Negative expectations of 'indigestion' were stronger in the LC group than HC group (P < 0.001). Among self-efficacy items, perceived ability of 'eating dairy foods for snacks' (P < 0.001), 'eating dairy foods every day' (P < 0.01), and 'eating calcium-rich side dishes at meals' (P < 0.05) differed significantly between the HC and LC groups. Eating behaviors including more frequent consumption of dairy foods, fruits or fruit juice (P < 0.001), anchovy, seaweeds, green vegetables, protein-rich foods (P < 0.05), and less frequent consumption of sweets or soft drinks (P < 0.01) were significantly related to calcium intake. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that outcome expectations, self-efficacy in consuming calcium-rich foods, and eating behaviors are important in explaining calcium intake. Nutrition education needs to address practical benefits, reduce negative expectations of calcium-rich foods, increase self-efficacy, and modify eating behaviors contributing to calcium intake.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.489-500
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• 2018

Since the late 19 century, the Choseon dynasty forcibly opened the door to western countries, including Japan. In addition, cultural propagation called 'modernity' caused subtle changes in dietary life. Based on the theory of colonial dual society, this study examined the dietary modernity in Kyungsung (mid 1930s~early 1940s) when 50 years had passed since the Open-Door policy. Three films, (1934), (1936) and (1941) (those made in 1930s~1940s) were analyzed. Twenty six scenes [14 scenes from , five scenes from , and seven scenes from ] related to the dietary life from films were chosen and classified according three criteria (degree of modernization, main influential countries, and benefit groups from modernization). The degree of modernization of all films was more than 80%. The average proportion of the countries that affected modernization were western (35%), western-Japan (28%) and Japan (20%). Approximately 33, 53 and 14% of the upper, middle, lower classes, respectively, benefited from diet modernization. The main places where modernized dietary culture could be enjoyed were cafes, western restaurants, tea rooms, and hotels. The main food or beverages that were considered as modernized dietary culture were liquor (especially beer), coffee, and western meals. People in Kyungsung in the mid 1930s~early 1940s experienced modernity in dietary life differently according to the social classes and these culture changes were generally accepted as a symbol of modernity.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 안양지역 관내 어린이급식소 중 2019년부터 3년간 낮은 급식 위생관리 등급으로 머물러 있는 어린이급식소에서 개선되어야 할 주요 항목이 무엇인지 밝혀내고자 하였다. 등급은 이전 급식 위생관리 수준이 미흡할 경우 새싹군으로, 우수할 경우 열매군으로 나누었으며, 위생관리 6영역, 45가지 세부 항목을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 어린이급식소의 급식 위생관리 등급에 따라, 또 시기에 따라 점수가 낮은 항목들은 다양했다. 새싹군은 3년 내내 열매군에 비해 6영역 모두에서 점수가 낮았으며, 특히 보존식에 대한 세부 항목의 점수가 가장 낮았다. 결론적으로, 어린이급식소의 급식 위생관리 시, 등급별로 개선해야 할 위생관리 항목이 다르다는 것을 인지하여, 철저히 관리해야 할 항목을 사전에 파악하고 그에 적합한 지도를 시행해야 할 것이다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.26-40
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• 2023

Objectives: This study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Bojungikgi-tang for lung cancer patients with anorexia. Methods: This was a single-arm, open-label, and single-center trial, and suitable participants took Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang in Chinese, Hochuekki-to in Japanese) three times a day before or between meals for six weeks (42 days). After registration of clinical trials (visit 2), they visited the hospital every three weeks (visits 3 and 4) and measured or tested the effectiveness or safety evaluation variables to analyze the results. The primary outcome was the anorexia/cachexia subscale (A/CS) of functional assessment of anorexia/cachexia therapy (FAACT) score. Results: Seventeen lung cancer patients were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Lung cancer patients had higher A/CS of FAACT scores after six weeks of Bojungikgi-tang administration compared to that at the baseline. This was not significant four lung cancer (p=0.1668). In the secondary outcomes, the visual analog scale (VAS) score of anorexia decreased significantly (p=0.0009), and the CD4/CD8 ratio (p=0.0396) and CD4 levels (p=0.0345) significantly increased after six weeks of treatment. No serious adverse events were reported with Bojungikgi-tang in lung cancer patients. Conclusions: Bojungikgi-tang can be an effective and safe treatment for anorexia in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.653-674
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• 1995

This study was aimed at comparing the dietary patterns of university female students according to their residence type. As for subjects, one hundred and twenty students of Kongju national university were chosen as a total. They were devided into three groups ; those who live in family home, or university dormitory, or self-boarding house. In this study, intakes of food and nutrient and dietary behaviors of each group were investigated through two-day food records and questionnaire. The result was that mean daily intakes of calcium and iron were lower than RDAs in all groups. According to residence type, subjects of family home and self-boarding seemed to have more serious problem in the nutrients mentioned above considering the proportions of less than 2/3 of RDAs. Especially, iron status was poorer than any other nutrients in the aspects of this proportion and food source. Iron was taken largely from vegetable foods which were recognized as a source of low bioavailability of iron. The average distribution ratios of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack to total calorie intake was 22, 29, 30 and 19. Thus, it proved that breakfast tended to be more negligent than any other meals, and that snack was an important means to give nutrients for subjects. This meal pattern might be one of the factor for the decrease of the dietary quality. Processed foods were founded to be an important source for providing nutrients. Percentages of calorie, carbohydrate and fat consumed by processed foods to total nutrients. Percentages of calorie, carbohydrate and fat consumed by processed foods to total nutrients intake were 30.6, 29.5 and 46.2. However, other nutrient intakes from processed foods such as vitamin and mineral were small. And processed foods which give nutrients were mainly cereal products like ra myon, bread, and milk and milk products. Consequently, processed foods seemed to be selected as a combinient substitute food which supply calorie to fill their hunger. According to the living type, dormitory students had them more frequently than any other groups. Food habit score was within the category of poor or fair. Particularly, the score of self-boarding students was the lowest of groups(p<0.05). The major dietary problems were small or overating, missing meal and irregular eating. The degree of these problems was a little different among groups(P<0.01). Nineteen kinds of food were consumed per day, and family home and self-boarding students had foods less variously than dormitory students(P<0.05). Proportions of skipping breakfast, lunch and dinner were 20.8, 12.5 and 8.3%. Accordingly, breakfast was missed more often than any other meals. And self-boarding students missed breakfast more often than any other groups. As a conclusion, subjects should take more calcium and iron, and eat diverse foods to improve their nutritional status. And it is also necessary that breakfast should be regarded more importantly, and that processed foods should be taken considering nutritional balance. In view of residence type, subjects of family home or self-boarding had more dietary problems than dormitory subjects. Thus, these results suggest that university female students might have low ability of meal management, and dietary patterns were different by their residence type. Therefore, nutrition education for them should be carried out with respect to dewelling environment.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare dietary attitudes, dietary behaviors and diet qualities of Food and Nutrition major and non-major female student at a university located in Inchon. The subjects included 74 female Food and Nutrition and majors and 45 non-Food and Nutrition major female university students. This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by a SPSS 10.0 program. The nutrient intake data collected from Three-day recalls were analysed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program and then the diet quality was estimated using the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), the Nutrient Adequacy patio (NAR) and the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). There was no significant difference in dietary behaviors between Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors. However, most of the female university students had poor eating habits, such as overeating, unbalanced meals, and skipping of meals. In particular, more than 50% of the female university students skipped breakfast. As for weighing themselves once a week, changing dietary lifestyles, calculating food calories and having interest in information on nutrition on health, the ratio of Food and Nutrition majors was significantly higher as compared to that of the non-majors. There was a significant difference in food consumption frequency except for mick and milk products, and iron-rich foods between the Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors. However, there was a significant difference in the frequency scores of iron-rich floods between the Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors. The MAR of Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors were 0.80$\pm$0.13, 0.79$\pm$0.13, respectively. However, in the Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors, the NARs of calcium were 0.61$\pm$0.21 and 0.59 $\pm$ 0.20, and that of iron were 0.61$\pm$0.21 and 0.59$\pm$0.16, respectively, which was extremely low when compared to that of the other nutrients. This result was similar to that of the INQ. Therefore, nutritional education is necessary if female university students are to practice optimal nutrition, including well-balanced diets and eating foods of high nutritional quality.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1229-1243
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to :(a) investigate meal costs, plate waste costs, and advantages/disadvantages of conventional /commissary foodservices and (b) compare the effectiveness of commissary foodservice systems with that of conventional systems. Questionnaires were developed and mailed to 136 schools in Kyonggi-do. A total of 106 questionnaires were usable, resulting in a 77.9% response rate. Teacher's teaching of good food habits and students satisfaction with school foodservices were surveyed in three schools from each system. Moreover, plate waste was measured to express cost and benefit in currency. Data were analyzed using the SAS package for description analysis, t-test, $\chi$$^2$ test, ANOVA, and the Vilcoxon rank sum test. Approximately seventy percent of 294schools in Kyonggi-do were operating commissary systems and most of them were of the rural (reduced paid) type. The number of meals served varied significantly between types of foodservice. The results of this study indicated that average food , labor utility , and supply costs were saved in the commissary system and that the total meal cost/person for a day was 1218.7 won compared to 1452.4 won in the conventional system. Though total meal costs were saved in the commissary system, dietitians had difficulties cooperating with school foodservice committees and supporters associations, especially in satellites of the commissary system. In addition, dietitians and teachers in the commissary system did not carry out teaching activities on good food habits to students as often as in the conventional system. Other problems that dietitians recognized in the commissary system were difficulties in training employees and parents for portion control and serving relatively simple menus. Students, as customers of school foodservices, are very important for system evaluation . Students in the commissary system scored of food itself , cleanliness of tableware, waiting time, quantity of meal and food temperature significantly lower than students in the conventional system. Moreover , the rate of plate waste was 20.5% in the commissary system as compared to 3.3% in the conventional system. Cost-effectiveness (saving 233.7won/person/day) is the main benefit of the commissary system. However , because of lower satisfaction scores and a highest plate waste rate, 201.9won/ person were wasted in the commissary system. The results of this study suggest that increasing the number of meals served within a commissary system might maximize the efficiency of the system, but increasing the number of satellites is not recommended because it might be out of dietitians control in many aspects.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2013

서울과 파주지역에 소재하는 남, 녀 고등학생 1587명(남 684명, 여 903명) 간식 섭취 실태에 대하여 조사하였다. 하루 중 간식 섭취횟수를 분석한 결과에서는 '1회'가 39.9%로 가장 높게 나타났고 좋아하는 간식종류는 '우유와 쿠키', '과일류' 등을 가장 선호하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 간식을 선택하는 이유를 분석한 결과에서는 '먹고 싶은 것'이 59.6%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 간식 후 식사 영향력에 대해서는 '간식과 전혀 상관없다(48.0%)'로 답변했다. 아버지 교육정도에 따라서는 '간식 섭취 1회와 3회'의 경우 '초등졸'에 비해 '중졸 이상'인 경우 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 용돈 중 식비지출금액에 따라서는 '5만 원 이하'나 '10만원(27.0%)' 경우 '우유와 쿠키'를 가장 좋아하는 것으로 나타났고 '7만원(25.4%)'이나 '10만 원 이상(22.0%)'의 경우 '과일'을 가장 좋아하는 것으로 나타나 차이를 보였다(p<0.05) 간식 선택이유와 일반사항 분석에서는 30-50대 어머니의 경우는 '먹고 싶은 것'이라고 나타낸 반면 51세 이상 어머니인 경우는 '그 날 기분에 따라'라는 결과가 높았다. 또한 어머니의 교육 수준이 '고졸이상'인 경우 '먹고 싶은 것'이라는 높은 답변이었다(p<0.05) 특히 간식 후 식사 영향력과의 차이 분석 결과에서는 35.5%의 고등학생이 어머니의 직업이 전문직인 경우 '식사를 대충 하는 경향이 있다'의 답변을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과에서 보면 고등학생들의 간식 식습관은 일반사항 중 가정환경에 영향을 받을 수 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 올바른 건강 간식 선택과 바람직한 간식 습관을 도와주기 위한 간식에 대한 지침이 필요하다.