• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.579-585
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• 2015

Following supplementation with organic acids (acetic, citric, and lactic acids), the pH of the alcohol mash changed from 4.2 control to 3.73-3.97 supplemented, the acidity from 5.06 to 8.13-9.98, and the alcohol content from 17.8 to 17.0-17.8%. Protease activity decreased owing to the pH change, and the total nitrogen content decreased by 13.1-36.9% following organic acid supplementation. Organic acid supplementation did not affect the distillation efficiency; however, thiobarbituric acid values in the crude distillate (40%) decreased 2.2-3.6 fold following supplementation with citric acid and lactic acid. The total isobutanol (B), isoamyl alcohol (A), and 1-propanol (P) contents in each soju (25%) supplemented with organic acid were 1,041.47, 979.50, and 961.48 ppm, respectively, which were higher than those in the control soju (935.27 ppm). The A/P, A/B, and B/P ratios of soju were altered and the acetaldehyde content decreased following supplementation with the organic acid.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.453-458
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• 1986

The present study was directed to investigate the antioxidative effects of onion and mustard powder extracts on fish oil. The oxidative changes of sardine oil with and without onion and mustard powder extract were estimated by measuring peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, weighing method, acid value (AV) and fatty acid composition, periodically. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; From view point of POV, fat soluble fraction of onion and mustard powder showed much inhibitory effect on the oxidation of sardine oil, marked induction period to be prolonged about 18 and 20 days, respectively. But the POV in fat soluble fraction of mustard powder increased remarkably in the early stage of storage, so it did not show inhibitory effect on the oxidation of sardine oil. In the TBA value of sardine oil during storage, the water soluble fraction of onion and mustard powder were more slowly increased than other fractions. The weighing change of sardine oil, contained in the water soluble fraction of mustard powder, was slower than other fractions, marking $0.5\%$ of weight gain during 30 day storage. On the other hand water and $80\%$ ethanol soluble fractions of onion were marked $2.3\%\;and\;5.8\%$ of weight gain during 30 day storage. In the oxidative degradation of docosahexaenoic acid, water soluble fractions of mustard powder and onion extracts showed the strongest inhiditory effect.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 1980

In order to establish the frozen storage method of pork and contribute to the stabilization of pork price physicochemical changes and sensory evaluation of pork, stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ up to the period of 12 months, were analyzed every three months. The drip loss of frozen meat cuts was below 1% regardless of storage months. In the course of storage, pH of frozen half carcass rose a little, while that of meat cuts remained almost the same. WHC(water holding capacity) of frozen half carcass and meat cuts was in the range of $50{\sim}60\;and\;55{\sim}62%,$ respectively and VBN (volatile basic nitrogen) was about $11{\sim}18mg%,$ all of which did considerably change during the storage. TBA(thiobarbituric acid) value was not increased up to the 6th month of storage, but represented a considerable increase after the 9th month of storage, Both tenderness and juiciness of frozen pork were decreased after the 12th month of storage but the axxrptability of frozen pork to the consumers turned out fairly good.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.6 s.93
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• pp.378-382
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• 1999

This study was carried out to improve an artificial culture techniques and antioxidative activity of the crude extract isolated from sclerotia of Poria cocos(Fr.) Wolf. In the test of different spawns and inoculation method, the sclerotia formation, number of sclerotia and production yield were excellent in the both sides inoculation method of log spawn, whereas the both side inoculation method of sawdust spawn was poor in sclerotia formation and yield. The optimal spawn and inoculation method for the quality and productivity of P. cocos was in the order of log spawn (both sides inoculation > log spawn(cutting section inoculation) > sclerotia (both sides inoculation) > sawdust spawn (both sides inoculation). The physiological activity substance, crude extract content of P. cocos NIAST 13007 was about 83%. As the concentration of crude extracts increased, the relative viscosity tended to be increased. However, as the concentration of sodium chloride increased, the relative viscosity did not affected. In antioxidative activities, electron donating ability (EDA) of P. cocos was about 10% of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value was similar to that of the vitamin C, however the peroxide value (POV) was lower than those of BHT and vitamin C.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.944-950
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• 1996

The purpose of our study is to investigate the changes of physico-chemical properties according to packaging methods(vacuum packaged with polyamide/polyethylene, air packaged with polyvynyl-chloride) and illumination on the properties of Hanwoo beef. pH value in vacuum packaged beef tended to be decreased, but pH value in air packaged beef tended to be increased during storage for 21 days, irrespective of illumination. Contents of volatile basic nitrogen(VBN) and thiobarbituric acid(TBA) values were increased, regardless of packaging methods. However, vacuum packaged beef showed lower VBN, TBA values than those of air packaged beef. Red color(CIE a value) was also decreased. Regardless of packaging method, saturated fatty acids(SFAs) were increased, but unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs) were relatively decreased. And in the ratio of the UFA/SFA, vacuum packaged beef had lower UFA/SFA ratio than that of air packaged beef. In this study, the effect of illumination did not change on physico-chemical properties in Hanwoo beef. In conclusion, the results indicate that the vacuum packaging treatment was more important to prolong the shelf-life of Hanwoo beef than air packaging method.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of beef loin following microwave treatment at $4^{\circ}C$. Two types of microwave treatment were applied. i.e., continued microwave treatment (CW) and holding microwave treatment (HW). The L value increased, while a and b values were not significantly different among the samples as the storage time and microwave dose increased. The initial pH and after 3 days ranged from 5.51-5.74 and 6.32-6.51, respectively (p<0.05). The thiobarbituric acid value of all beef loins increased with increasing storage period and decreased with increasing microwave dose. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content of the control was higher than that of the other samples and the VBN content decreased with increasing microwave dose. The total plate count of beef loins decreased with increasing microwave dose. This result indicated that T2 (100 W, HW) is most effective treatment with regard to the safety of beef loins without decreasing the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.579-588
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• 2007

The effects of packaging methods on the quality of beef and pork jerky samples prepared Korean- style were investigated in terms of their pH, water activities ($A_w$), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values, total bacterial counts, and sensory evaluations during storage at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. The jerky was subjected to plastic packaging and vacuum packaging conditions at $25^{\circ}C$ Levels of pH slightly decreased during storage (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the packaging methods. (p>0.05) Also, water activity decreased as storage time passed (p<0.05), and vacuum packaging resulted in a higher water activity value than plastic packaging. The hardness value of the jerky in plastic packaging was higher than that in vacuum packaging (p<0.05). In addition, hardness and TBA increased over the storage periods (p<0.05). The total bacterial counts in of the vacuum packaged jerky were lower than those of the plastic packaged jerky. The vacuum packaging treatments had higher scores than the plastic packaging treatments for all sensory traits. Based on our findings, we conclude that vacuum packaging is a more effective storage method than plastic packaging for jerky.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.981-988
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop functional black soy sauce with (S2) and without (S3) an outer skin and then compare these products to a control soy sauce (S1). In addition, the effects of different fermentation periods on the pH, buffering power, titratable acidity, total acidity, salt content, and browning and Lab value were evaluated. Furthermore, the antioxidative activities of the black soy sauce were compared to those of the control soy sauce based on the total phenolic compounds and free radical scavenging activity, including the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) scavenging activity and the thiobarbituric acid value (TBA value). The pH and buffering power of S2 were lower than of S1 and S3, while the titratable acidity and total acidity were higher. The salt content of all samples decreased after 60 days of fermentation, after which it increased slightly for up to 180 days. Additionally, the browning intensity of all samples increased as the fermentation periods increased, with the browning intensity at 420 nm of S1 being the highest followed by S3 and S2. After 150 days of fermentation, the L value of S1 was higher than that of S2 and S3, but the while a value of S2 was higher than those of S1 and S3 and was increased as the fermentation periods. Moreover, the b value of S1 was the highest at the end of the fermentation period, followed by the b values of S3 and S2. The amount of total phenolics in S1 was greatest, followed by S2 and S1. Conversely, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of S2 was the highest, followed by S3 and S1. Finally, the TBA value increased rapidly from day 30 to day 180 of the fermentation period, and the TBA value of S2 was lower than those of S1 and S3.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-91
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• 2003

시험은 대조구 0%와 남은 음식물에 Protein의 요구량 수준을 각각 높인 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 대조구에 녹차 부산물(GTB) 첨가구 1.0%, 남은 음식물 30% + 녹차 부산물 (GTB) 1.0%로 총 7처리 4반복으로 하였으며, 반복당 6수씩 개체별로 사양 실험을 실시하고, 산란율, 난중, 난각두께, 난황색, Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) 및 관능검사 등을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 산란율은 남은 음식물 10%, 20% 및 40% 첨가구에서 각각 82.65%, 81.54% 및 82.27%로 높게 나타났으나 남은 음식물 30%첨가구는 75.34%로 낮게 나타났으며 통계적 유의차를 보였다 (P<0.05). 대조구가 72.87%가 가장 낮게 나타났으며 (P<0.05), 주령별로는 주령이 증가할수록 산란율이 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 2. 난중은 전 처리구중 가장 높은 경향을 보인 것은 남은 음식물 30% + GTB 1%처리구가 63.78로 높은 경향을 보였다. 가장 낮은 난중은 남은 음식물 10%처리구가 60.02로 나타났다 (P<0.05). 3. 산란량은 전 처리구에서 남은 음식물 30% + GTB 1%가 52.53g으로 높게 나타났고, 가장 낮은 산란량을 보인 것은 대조구가 45.32g으로 가장 낮게 나타났으며 통계적 유의차를 보였다 (P<0.05). 4. 사료 요구율은 남은 음식물 20%첨가구가 2.86으로 높게 나타났으며, 낮은 요구율은 남은 음식물 10%첨가구가 2.47으로 낮게 나타났으며 통계적 유의차를 보였다 (P<0.05). 전 처리구간에서 사료 요구율은 주령이 증가할수록 요구율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 5. 콜레스테롤은 대조구 + GTB 1.0%첨가구가 13.923으로 높게 나타났다. 가장 낮은 콜레스테롤은 남은 음식물 40%처리구가 12.003으로 낮게 나타났다. 남은 음식물을 첨가한 처리구가 난황 내 콜레스테롤 함량이 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나 남은 음식물 30%첨가구가 12.835로 높은 수치를 보였으며 통계적 유의차는 나타나지 않았다 (P>0.05). 6. TBA가 가장 높은 처리구간은 1주에는 남은 음식물 40%첨가구가 3.205로 높게 나타났으며 2주에는 남은 음식물30%첨가구가 3.275로 높게 나타났다. 마지막 주에는 3.947로 높게 나타났다. 이 결과로 볼 때 남은 음식물을 첨가한 처리구가 대체적으로 산패도가 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였으며 통계적 유의차는 나타나지 않았다 (P>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.62-65
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• 1983

As a new practical method for preserving freshness of fish, partially frozen storage has been reported to be useful in terms of K-value, TBA value, sensory evaluation etc. In order to develop a storage procedure to be used in place of cooled or frozen storage for the preservation of precooked fish food, partial freezing for up to two to three weeks was examined using baked mackerel. The criteria for evaluation were made according to the changes in volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, viable bacterial number, pH, color difference and sensory evaluation in fish muscle. The changes in TBA value of baked muscle during storage at $-3^{\circ}C$ differed slightly from those obserbed during cooled ($5^{\circ}C$) and frozen storage ($-20^{\circ}C$). Partial frozen storage ($-3^{\circ}C$) was effective in prolong an induction period of lipid oxidation during early storage. VBN of baked muscle tends to increase slowly while pH value was decrease during storage and there was no observed significant differences among three different storage condition. Viable bacterial number of the baked mackerel muscle stored at $-3^{\circ}C$ showed significantly less than that stored at $5^{\circ}C$, and similar to that stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ (the levels of $10^2/g$). Judging from the results of sensory evaluation and experimental data, partial frozen storage at $-3^{\circ}C$ seems to be effective as means of short-period preserving baked mackerel.