• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.874-880
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify muscle atrophy in critically ill patients on ventilators. A comparison was made between limb circumferences and muscle areas on the day of admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and on the 8th day after admission. Methods: The data were collected from 30 critically ill patients using ventilators at S hospital ICU in Seoul during the period from October 2005 to April 2006. Limb circumferences and skinfold thickness were measured on the day of admission and on the 8th day after admission to the ICU. Limb circumferences and skinfold thickness were measured on the right mid-arm, right mid-thigh, and right mid-calf using a measuring tape and a skinfold calipers. Limb muscle areas were calculated by an equation after measuring limb circumferences and skinfold thickness. The data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test. Results: 1) Mid-arm circumference, mid-thigh circumference and mid-calf circumference on the 8th day after admission to the ICU were significantly less than those on the day of admission to the ICU, 2) Mid-arm muscle area, mid-thigh muscle area and mid-calf muscle area on the 8th day after admission to the ICU were significantly less than those on the day of admission to the ICU, 3) Steroid and vecuronium medication didn't affect changes in limb circumferences (mid-arm, mid-thigh, mid-calf) and muscle areas (mid-arm, mid-thigh, mid-calf on the 8th day after admission to the ICU compared to the day of admission. Conclusion: Limb muscle atrophy may occur on the 8th day after admission to the ICU in critically ill patients using ventilator.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.119-129
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate what an effect Meridian massage widely practiced in the skin and fatness clinics gives to the control of women's lower body fatness. 8 woman students in the J beauty school in Seoul were selected as experimental group. After measuring their femoral or thigh circumference, 4 weeks of Meridian massage was practiced. Another 8 women who were not included in the experiment were selected as the control group. As the results of 4 week Meridian control on lower body fatness, P value of the variance analysis was over 0.05, meaning that there was not a statistical significance. But the measurement of femoral or thigh circumference decreased from 55.85 cm to 53.34 cm, indicating that more often Meridian massage was practiced, the more lower body fatness decreased. This suggests that Meridian massage gives a positive effect to lower body fatness control. In a survey after the experiment, more than 88% of the survey participants answered that Meridian massage was effective to removal of edema, decrease in thigh circumference, and deep sleep, indicating that satisfaction with Meridian massage was high. Based on the findings of this study, it is necessary to study further on quantifying the effect of Meridian massage, which is practiced just to control lower body fatness.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.535-547
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• 2009

This study presented a making method of jeans pattern with high fitness after deriving the appropriate shrinkage rate by material and washing process. For this purpose of this study, 6 jeans have been tested after washing finishing and we turned out appropriate shrinkage rate by evaluating the exterior of jeans and usage satisfaction. Then, a making method of jeans pattern was presented after applying the optimized shrinkage rate. According to the result of the exterior evaluation of test jeans, all 6 jeans were rated high with scores close to 3.5. Following the evaluation of satisfaction of usage by physical movement, the highest ranking was in the order of walking with normal steps, back bending $90^{\circ}$, chair sitting, climbing stairs, and squatting. The shrinkage rate by physical area showed the highest score in the order of pants length, waist circumference, thigh circumference, knee circumference, hem circumference, hips circumference. In addition, the shrinkage rate was higher in warp direction than weft direction after washing finishing. As for the result of addition and reduction of pattern measurements by parts of jeans, waist circumference was 2.6${\sim}$5.2cm, hips circumference was 1.3${\sim}$4.2cm, thigh circumference was 0.8${\sim}$3.1cm and knee circumference was 0.7${\sim}$2.5cm. Also, hem circumference was 0.5${\sim}$1.8cm and pants length was 4.0${\sim}$6.2cm. That is, this results showed a wide range of addition and reduction according to material and washing finishing.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.461-474
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to present a making method of jeans pattern with high fitness after deriving the appropriate shrinkage rate by material and washing process. Research Method of jeans pattern was presented after applying the optimized shrinkage rate. According to the result of the exterior evaluation of test jeans, all 6 jeans were rated high with scores close to 3.5. Following the evaluation of satisfaction of usage by physical movement, the highest ranking was in the order of walking with normal steps, back bending $90^{\circ}$, chair sitting, climbing stairs, and squatting. The shrinkage rate by physical area showed the highest score in the order of pants length, waist circumference, thigh circumference, knee circumference, hem circumference, hips circumference. In addition, the shrinkage rate was higher in warp direction than weft direction after washing finishing. As for the result of addition and reduction of pattern measurements by parts of jeans, waist circumference was $2.5{\sim}5.2cm$, hips circumference was $-1.8{\sim}2.8cm$, thigh circumference was $-1.3{\sim}2.0cm$ and knee circumference was $-1.0{\sim}1.7cm$. Also, hem circumference was $-1.0{\sim}1.8cm$ and pants length was $2.9{\sim}6.2cm$. That is, this results showed a wide range of addition and reduction according to material and washing finishing.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the combined effect of acupotomy, selective cryolysis and herbal medicine therapy for treating regional fat accumulation of thigh. Twenty-four patients were selected for the study. A session of selective cryolysis and acupotomy treatments were performed on both thighs once a week, for four weeks, with administration of herbal medicine. Thigh circumference, weight, body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass, and body fat rate were measured before and after the procedure. Statistical significance (P<0.05) was determined using the paired t-test. After treatments, thigh circumference was significantly reduced by $3.57{\pm}1.41cm$ in 4 weeks (P<0.001). Weight, BMI, skeletal muscle mass, and body fat rate too were significantly reduced (P<0.001). Of the 24 patients, 1 reported an adverse event of frostbite. We assume this combined therapy can be useful when dealing with localized fat accumulation. Long-term evaluation and further studies are required to identify the specific effect size.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1150-1162
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• 2011

Considering the fact that the fit for men's clothes is important for the sizing system modern ready-made pants, an analysis of obese middle-aged men is required at this period of time to determine the appropriate fit for obese men. The following research focused on 635 middle-aged obese men who had a BMI index of at least 25 and a waist circumference from the belly-button level of 34 inches or more. This research deals with the articles of circumference, thickness and other major physical changes that happen during the 30s, 40s, and 50s. According to the analysis of these body measurement articles with specific regard to age, men's height and the height of their waist seemed to decrease as their age increased. This demonstrates that as these men grow older, the waist and stomach slowly curved into a circular and flat body type due to their obesity. In this study, the first factor figure was the height and leg length. The second factor figure was the waist form. The third factor figure was the center thigh circumference. The fourth and fifth factor figures were the hip length and shape. Lastly, the sixth factor figure was the calf circumference. These 6 factor figures construct 80.57% of the volume explanation and showed 3 patterns through a cluster analysis that showed different patterns of obesity forms for waist circumferences in key figure 1, waist and thigh circumferences in key figure 2, and waist and buttocks circumferences. Therefore, it was worthwhile to consider the circumferences of the waist, buttocks and thigh according to the body type category to enhance the drafting of well-fitting pants.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.115-128
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to observe the change of circumference, volume and strength of normal and operated lower extremities on 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th days of postoperation following THRA compared with their condition on preoperation day. Subjects consisted of 13 male and 7 female Patients operated with THRA between the age of 20 and 69 years with a mean age of 38.55(SD=15.1). Circumference of upper and lower leg was measured by tape, leg volume was determined according to formula (Moor & Thornton, 1987) with measurement of 8 circumferences of leg. Leg strength was measured by pressing the center of digital health meter in supine position. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. Circumference of operated thigh decreased significantly at 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value, while that of normal thigh decreased significantly at day 3, 7, 10 and 14 after THRA compared with preoperative value. 2. Circumference of midcalf in both operated and normal limb decreased significantly at day 3, 7, 10 and 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value. 3. Leg volume of operated lower limb decreased significantly at 10, 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value, while that of normal limb decreased significantly at day 7 & 10 after THRA compared with preoperative value.4. Leg strength of operated limb decreased significantly at day 3, 7, 10, 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value. No significant difference of normal leg strength was shown following THRA. 5. Circumference of midcalf differed significantly at day 14 after THRA between normal and operated extremity. From these results, it can be suggested that a decreased activity after THRA caused muscle atrophies in normal and operated extremity.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.588-596
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• 2012

This research was intended to design an experimental girdle with thermal insulation function for adult women in their 20s. The design of the experimental girdle was based on the pattern of commercially available girdle. The final pattern of the experimental girdle was established according to the drawing equations determined based on the result of appearance evaluation. The equations were (waist circumference${\times}0.88$)/2 for waist circumference, (hip circumference${\times}0.77$)/2 for hip circumference, and (thigh circumference${\times}0.85$) for thigh circumference. In order to develop a heating device, the most effective fabric heater was adopted based on the experiments about the number of caron fibers, heater size and attachment site. Three heaters-one with a size of $14.5{\times}9.5$ cm, and the other two with the size of $8.0{\times}15.0$ cm-were attached to the areas corresponding to the lower abdomen and the hip, 5 cm below the waist. A heater was developed by connecting these heaters to a controller, 2 batteries (7.4 V 2000 mAh lithium polymer batteries) and a switch (for mode conversion between high/medium/low temperatures). The heater was integrated into the inside of the girdle, so that attachment and detachment were possible without the change of appearance. The tentative configuration plan was proposed for the development of a functional smart girdle with an excellent thermal insulation effect.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.577-586
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• 2000

The objectives of this study were to develope slacks basic block to be used for improving the attactive silhouette and bodily fitness in ready-to-wear and educational patterns. The subjects were from 20 to 24 years old and twenty six body measurements were taken on the National Anthropometric Survey of Korea in 1977. The women in 20's think ideal body shapes are high stature, long legs, slander waist, hip, abdomen, thigh, ankle and light weight. And so it needs to be studied to studied to make slacks pattern which show slander girth and long length. The study was carried out by the following procedures. 1. Through the comparative investigation on the conventional slacks patterns of System M. Muller & Sohn, Secolli, 文化's in Japan, and Won-ja Rim's and the clothing experiment, the characteristics of every four patterns were found. 2. According to the center back slant, reflecting the change of waist circumference, thigh circumference, back crotch length, and the new suitable slacks pattern was achieved. 3. The sensory evaluation for appearance and comfort was applied to evaluate the new slacks pattern by comparing with the conventional slacks pattern. From the result of the sensory evaluation, it was found that the new slacks pattern was more suitable for appearance. 4. The new slacks pattern for women in their 20's were developed as follows ; The waist line came down 2 ㎝, the waist circumference was plus 2㎝ than originally, and the back hip circumference was larger 1 ㎝ than the front hip, the slacks length was created stature/8×4.9, the knee length was stature/8×2.7. The center back crotch length was interspaced 1∼1.5㎝ at the center front, and was at right angle the point which was raised 5㎝ at the side front. This size is not the absolute size but it helps to make the surplus on any other ready-made slacks for women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.123-136
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• 2023

To develop smart sportswear capable of measuring biometric data, we created a close-fitting pattern using two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D, respectively) methods. After 3D virtual fitting, the tightness of each pattern was evaluated using image processing of contact points, mesh deviation, and cross-sectional shapes. In contact-point analysis, the 3D pattern showed high rates of contact with the body (84.6% and 93.1% for shirts and pants, respectively). Compared with the 2D pattern, the 3D pattern demonstrated closer contact at the lower chest, upper arm, and thigh regions, where electrocardiography and electromyography were primarily carried out. The overall average gap was also lower in the 3D pattern (5.27 and 4.66 mm in shirts and pants, respectively). In the underbust, waist, thigh circumference, and mid-thigh circumference, the cross-section distance between clothing and body was showed a statistically significant difference and evenly distributed in the 3D pattern, exhibiting more closeness. The tightness and fit of the 3D smart sportswear sensor pattern were successfully evaluated. We believe that this study is critical, as it facilitates the comparison of different patterns through visualization and digitization through 3D virtual fitting.