• 한국균학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.187-195
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• 1987

두가지 열처리법에 의한 균 분리방법을 사용하여, 보통균을 제외한 토양균의 분리와 그의 논토양중의 수직 및 계절별 분포를 파악하기 위하여 역곡동과 신원동의 논토양을 시료로 사용하였다. $42^{\circ}C$에서 2일간 배양후 $37^{\circ}C$로 배양하는 방법과 $70^{\circ}C$에서 15분간 열처리하는 방법을 사용하였다. $42^{\circ}C$ 배양법에서는 두 장소에서 분리된 토양균은 거의가 mesophile이었으며 thermotolerant fungi는 Asergillus fumigatus, thermophile로는 Sporotrichum thermophile과 Malbranchea pulchella var. sulfrea이었고, 이들 중 우점종은 Asergillus fumigatus이었다. 두 장소에서 9속, 14종이 분리동정되었으며 Sporotrichum thermophile, Talaromyces ucrainicus, Malbranchea pulchella var. sulfrea는 한국 미기록 종이다. $72^{\circ}C$ 열처리방법으로 분리한 경우 두 장소에서 10속, 20종이 분리동정되었으며, 분리된 균은 거의가 mesophile이었으며 thermotolerant fungi는 Asergillus fumigatus이었고, 우점종은 Talaromyces stipitatus이었다. 또한 Talaromyces helicus var. major, Emericella nidulans var. nidulans, Chaetomium subspirale, Neosartorya fishiri var. fischeri는 한국 미기록 종이다. 두가지 분리방법으로 분리된 토양균의 계절적 분포는 여름과 봄이 가을과 겨울보다 높았으며, 전체 균의 수와 우점종 균수, 그리고 나타나는 종의 빈도는 그 수직분포에 있어서 상층에서 가장 높았으나 하층으로 내려갈수록 감소하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

Although microorganisms play an important role in composting process, researches on the effective microorganism (EM) in composting process are rarely reported. In this study, three stages of work performed 1) investigation of composting facility 2) sample collection and isolation of the EM 3) lab-scale composting by seeding the isolated EM. For this, purpose, physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, such as temperature, moisture content, organic matter, pH population of microorganism, etc., were investigated during the process and the results were compared with those of a control(non-seeded). In the composting facility, the most active degradation of food waste was suppsed to occur in 10-11th day of composting by observing the temperature and CO2 emission. The population of bacterial and fungi was highest in thermophilic stage. Meanwhile that of actinomycetes and yeast was relatively uniform during the process. In the lab-scale test, the thermophilic stage was maintained longer(more than 9 days in 17 days of experiment) in the seeded which was favored for the high reduction of organic matter and moisture. Reduction rates of lipids and salinity were also increased in the seeded. It confirmed these results that the population of microorganisms in the seeded was observed higher in several orders than the control. However, pH of the seeded was maintained as low as about 4.5 throughout the experiment except the final period of the process. Meanwhile, pH of the control rose in the early stage of the experiment. This was probably due that the seeded microorganisms collected from the composting facility was adapted to the low pH environment.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.207-211
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• 1972

1. 고온성 사상균인 Myriococcum albomyces의 밀기울 액체배양액에는 xylanase 와 laminaranase활성이 있었다. 2. Xylanase와 laminaranase의 최적 pH는 각각 5.0과 6.0이었다. 그리고 xylanase의 pH안 전범위는 $pH\;4.0{\sim}pH\;7.0$ 이었다. 3. Xylanase의 최적온도는 $55^{\cicr}C$이고 laminaranase의 척적온도는 $65^{\cicr}C$ 였다. 4. Xylanase의 열안전성은 $65^{\cicr}C$65에서 55분간, laminaranase 는 70 분간 안전하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2014

In India, disposal of vegetable market waste along with municipal solid waste in landfills or dumpsites is creating much nuisance in terms of odor nuisance, leachate production, and greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere. Therefore, vegetable waste with high biodegradable and nutrient content is composted in a 550-L batch scale rotary drum composter to study the degradation process and its compost properties for its potential reuse as high quality compost. A total 150 kg of working volume was fixed for composting studies with two different ratios, trial A (6:3:1) of C/N 24 and trial B (8:1:1) of C/N 30, respectively. A maximum of $63.5^{\circ}C$ and $61.2^{\circ}C$ was observed in trials A and B; an average of $55^{\circ}C$ for more than 5 days, which helped in the degradation of organic matter and reduction of total and fecal coliform. The temperature dropped suddenly after the thermophilic stage in trial B, and leachate was observed due to insufficient amount of bulking agent. Mesophilic bacteria dominated during the initial stages of composting, and reduced considerably during the thermophilic stage. During the thermophilic stage, the rise in spore-forming organisms, including spore-forming bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and streptomycetes, increased and these were predominant until the end of the composting process. By examination, it was observed that moisture and leachate production had adverse effects on the compost parameters with higher loss of micronutrients and heavy metals.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1991

To assess biological air quality, concentrations of viable airborne microbes were determined in hospital home and outdoor air from August 25 to October 18, 1990. Bacteria, fungi and thermophilic bacteria were sampled using gravitational and suctional sampling method. In bacteria groups, the Staphylococcus spp. was identified by microscopic examination and biochemical tests. Results of the study are as follows. 1. Results using the gravitational sampling method indicated that average numbers of airborne microbes in hospital home and outdoor air were 21.5, 12.2 and 17.6 CFU/plate, respectively. These levels are well within an appropriate standard of 50 CFU/plate suggested by Endo. 2. Results using the suctional sampling method indicated that total airborne microbe concentrations in hospital, home and outdoor air were 1,998, 1,363 and $1,880CFU/m^3$, respectively. All of the results were within the recommended remedial action level, $10,000CFU/m^3$ of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH). 3. Concentration of thermophilic bacteria in hospital and outdoor air were 79 and $111CFU/m^3$, respectively. Thermophilic bacteria were not detected in the home air. These results were within the remedial action level, $500CFU/m^3$. 4. Concentrations of Gram negative bacilli in holpital home and outdoor air were 20.3, 23.6 and $16.8CFU/m^3$, respectively. all were within the remedial action level, $500CFU/m^3$, recommended by ACGIH. 5. Concentrations of Staphylococcus spp. in hospital, home and outdoor air were 34.8, 14.7, and $22.4CFU/m^3$. respectively. all were within the remedial action level, $75CFU/m^3$, recommended by ACGIH. The percentages of Staphylococcus spp. in total bacteria in hospital, home and outdoor air were 19.0, 10.2 and 14.5%, respectively.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1998

전쟁기념관내 문화재 보존을 위한 환경요인으로서 미생물 분포를 낙하법과 공기포집기를 사용하여 조사하였다. 기념관내의 전시실 입구와 내부 그리고 수장고의 공중진균류 분포는 관람객 출입에 의한 공기의 유통이 심한 전시실이 관람객의 출입이 없는 수장고내보다 높게 나타났다. 전시실에서의 관람객이 많은 관람기간 동안의 미생물의 분포는 휴관일보다 높게 나타났다. 이 결과는 미생물은 관람객의 이동에 따라 전시실내로 공기의 흐름과 함께 유입되어 들어온다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 기념관내에서 분리된 진균류는 19종이었으며, 고온성 진균은 1종인 Neurospors crassa로 동정되었다. 분리된 진균류의 대부분은 섬유소 문화재에 손상을 줄 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2018

본 실험은 농가 관행인 굴삭기를 이용한 뒤집기와 교반기 시제품를 이용한 뒤집기와의 비교 시험을 통해 발효단계별 배지의 특성을 조사하였다. 배지내 온도변화는 굴삭기를 이용한 3차 뒤집기까지는 처리간에 온도의 변화 차이가 거의 없었지만, 4차와 5차 뒤집기에서는 교반기 시제품을 이용하여 뒤집기를 한 처리구에서 온도 상승이 빨라지는 경향을 보였다. 야외발효 단계에서 배지에는 고온성 세균 (Bacillus spp.), 방선균, 형광성 Pseudomonas 속, 사상균 등 다양한 미생물들이 분포하였고, 특히 배지발효 과정에서 배지의 분해와 발열에 호기성 세균의 분포는 2차 뒤집기에서 가장 높은 밀도를 보였고, 발효가 진행되면서 밀도는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 교반기를 활용한 배지의 호기성 세균과 형광성 Pseudomonas 속은 굴삭기 뒤집기와 뚜렷한 차이가 없었고, 고온성 세균과 고온성 방선균은 교반기 뒤집기에서 조금 높은 밀도를 보였다. 처리별 볏짚의 길이는 교반기 시제품을 사용하였을 경우 조금 짧았고, 수분함량도 교반기 시제품을 사용하였을 때 낮았다. pH와 EC는 처리 간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, L값과 a, b값은 교반기 시제품으로 뒤집기가 진행될수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2002

The composting practice has been recognized as the most popular way of controlling food waste and many attempt have been made in the field to establish more efficient and economical process. Some of the efforts are mixing cured compost with sawdust as alternative bulking agent, seeding commercially produced microorganism and/or combination of above. However, verification of such efforts is often restricted because of either the lack of engineering consideration on the limitation of composting facility scales. In this study, the effect of mixing materials in food waste composting was investigated by controlling the combination and the mixing ratio of them. When the cured compost was mixed with saw dust. the decomposition of organic material was proven to be more active by observing the compost temperature, the oxygen (O$_2$) consumption, and the cumulative carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) profile. However, the quantity of compost mix-ing seemed not to influence the reaction as long as the minimum required amount was mixed. The feeding of com-mercially produced microorganism had a tendency to prolong the thermophilic stage, which helped to increase the decomposition but it resulted in composting period. Regardless of the composting condition, bacteria and actinomycetes increased in population as the reaction approached to the end. The population of bacteria and actinomycetes were rel-atively higher than those of fungi and yeast throughout the reaction.

• Mycobiology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2005

Sixty two out of the sixty four species of fungal isolates tested could produce both $exo-{\beta}1,4-gluconase\;(C_1)$ and $endo-{\beta}1,4-gluconase\;(C_x)$ on pure cellulose and rice straw as carbon source in Czapek's medium. Fifty-eight and fifteen species were able to grow at $25^{\circ}C$ and at $45^{\circ}C$, respectively. Eleven species could grow at both $25^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$ while, four species appeared only at $45^{\circ}C$. The most cellulolytic species at $25^{\circ}C$ was Trichoderma koningii producing 1.164 $C_1$ (mg glucose/1 ml culture filtrate/1 hr) and 2.690 $C_x$ on pure cellulose, and 0.889 $C_1$, and 1.810 $C_x$ on rice straw, respectively. At $45^{\circ}C$, the most active thermotolerant species were Aspergillus terreus, followed by A. fumigatus. Talaromyces thermophilus was the highest active thermophilic species followed by Malbranchea sulfurea. Most of these species were also active in fermentation of rice straw at 25 and $45^{\circ}C$ (P<0.05). The most active ones were T. koningii, A. ochraceus and A. terreus, which produced 201.5, 193.1 and 188.1 mg crude protein/g dry straw, respectively.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2004

느타리 재배시 배지발효 조건이 배지내 이화학성분 및 미생물상에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 소형발효기에서 온도와 통기량을 조절하여 배지내 이화학성 및 미생물상 변화를 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 혐기 발효시 pH는 호기발효보다 상당히 낮았으나 암모니아태 질소는 높았다. 이산화탄소 발생량은 발효 6일째까지 큰 변화가 없었으나 암모니아는 발효 초기에 다량 발생후 3일째에는 거의 발생되지 않았다. 발효가 진행될수록 세균의 경우 중온성은 감소하고 고온성은 증가하였으나 사상균은 고온 및 중온 모두 감소하였으며, 혐기발효시 호기발효보다 고온성 세균, 사상균은 현저히 감소하였다. 발효온도 별 배지의 느타리균사 생장속도는 $50^{\circ}C$에서 통기량을 100cc/min에서 발효시킨 배지에서 가장 좋았다.