• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.297-303
• /
• 1981

Optimal design of shell and tube heat exchanger system with the working fluids which may condense outside the tubes has been carried out under specified inlet and outlet conditions. Independent variables such as number of parallel series, tube diameter, distribution pitch, tube side pressure loss, baffle cut and shell side pressure loss as well as dependent variables such as shell diameter, number of tubes, number of serial series and number of baffles were all characterized according to the standard. Exhaustive search method was used to construct a computer program together with the calculation of heat transfer rate by LMTD method. stress analysis of maj or parts was made to examine their dimensions satisfying heat transfer and pressure loss requirements. Cost estimation based on the installation, operation and maintenance was also made, A few representative variables, heat transfer area, shell diameter and pressure loss, were used to express cost function, finally giving the optimal selection of all tentative solutions.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2012

In this study, design of LCTS(Launch Complex Thermostatting System), which is one of ground support equipments for KSLV-I, is analyzed based on CDP(Critical Design Package) provided by Russia. The thermo-hydraulic design of air preparation compartment and hydraulic design of air heating & distribution compartment performed. Also numerical simulation of air heating & distribution compartment was conducted and compared with actual measurement data. Finally, insulation design of system was analyzed. Designing method of LCTS will be helpful in developing or modifying LCTS for new launch vehicle.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.296-301
• /
• 2003

A study on the engineering design and numerical thermo-hydraulic analysis for KSTAR TF coil structure cooling system has been conducted. The numerical analyses have been done to verify the engineering design of cooling using the commercial code, FLUENT and in-house code for calculating helium properties which varies with cooling tube's heat transfer. Through the engineering design process based on the steady heat balance concepts, the circular stainless steel tube with inner diameter of 4 mm for TF coil has been selected as cooling tube. From normal operation mode analysis results, total 28 cooling tubes were finally chosen. Also, three dimensional cool down analysis for TF coil with designed cooling tube was satisfied with next three design criteria. First is cooling work termination within a month, second is maximum temperature difference within 50 K in TF coil structure and third is exit helium pressure above 2 bar. Consequently, these cool down scenario results can afford to adopt as operating scenario data when KSTAR facilities operate.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2021

The Cable in Conduit Conductor (CICC) configurations are designed, tested and realized to make high field superconducting (SC) magnets. The evolution of CICC design makes it challenging to forecast thermo-hydraulic behavior. A common objective of thermo-hydraulic studies is to obtain the most reliable predictive correlation for friction factor in CICC geometries and to reduce the dependency on the experiment. So far, only the void fraction and Reynolds number have been considered in the predictive correlations in an explicit way. In the present paper, the CICC twisting pattern dependency, called tortuosity (τ), on the pressure drop prediction, has been assessed through a numerical simulation approach. The CICC twisting pattern with 6+1 petals (solid conductor in the present study) with different twisting pitches is mimicked in the numerical simulation for the range 100 ≤ Re ≤10000 and 1 < τ < 1.08 and a correlation for friction factor, f, has been proposed as a function of Re and τ.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.697-700
• /
• 2005

Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) system can be very cost-effective and renewable energy sources, depending on site-specific parameters and load characteristics. In order to develop an ATES system which has certain hydrogeological characteristics, understanding of the thermo hydraulic processes of an aquifer is necessary for a proper design of an aquifer heat storage system under given conditions. The thermo hydraulic transfer for heat storage is simulated using FEFLOW according to two sets of pumping and waste water reinjection scenarios of heat pump operation in a two layered confined aquifer. In the first set of model, the movement of the thermal front and groundwater level are simulated by changing the locations of injection and pumping well in seasonal cycle. However, in the second set of model the simulation is performed in the state of fixing the locations of pumping and injection well. After 365 days simulation period, the temperature distribution is dominated by injected water temperature and the distance from injection well. The small temperature change is appears on the surface compared to other slices of depth because the first layer has very low porosity and the transfer of thermal energy are sensitive at the porosity of each layer. The groundwater levels and temperature changes in injection and pumping wells are monitored to validate the effectiveness of the used heat pump operation method and the thermal interference between wells is analyzed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.701-704
• /
• 2005

Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) can be a cost-effective and renewable geothermal energy source, depending on site-specific and thermohydraulic conditions. To design an effective ATES system having influenced by groundwater movement, understanding of thermo hydraulic processes is necessary. The heat transfer phenomena for an aquifer heat storage are simulated using FEFLOW with the scenario of heat pump operation with pumping and waste water reinjection in a two layered confined aquifer model. Temperature distribution of the aquifer model is generated, and hydraulic heads and temperature variations are monitored at the both wells during 365 days. The average groundwater velocities are determined with two hydraulic gradient sets according to boundary conditions, and the effect of groundwater flow are shown at the generated thermal distributions of three different depth slices. The generated temperature contour lines at the hydraulic gradient of 0.00 1 are shaped circular, and the center is moved less than 5m to the groundwater flow direction in 365 days simulation period. However at the hydraulic gradient of 0.01, the contour center of the temperature are moved to the end of boundary at each slice and the largest movement is at bottom slice. By the analysis of thermal interference data between two wells the efficiency of the heat pump system model is validated, and the variation of heads is monitored at injection, pumping and no operation mode.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.9
• /
• pp.3551-3566
• /
• 2022

The STELLA program was launched to support the PGSFR development in 2012 and for the 2nd stage, the STELLA-2 facility was designed to investigate the integral effect of safety systems including the comprehensive interaction among PHTS, IHTS and DHRS. In STELLA-2, the long-term transient behavior after accidents can be observed and the overall safety aspect can also be evaluated. In this paper, the basic design concept from engineering basis to specific design is described. The design was aimed to meet similarity criteria and requirements based on various non-dimensional numbers and the result satisfied the key features to explain the reasoning of safety evaluation. The result of this study was used to construct the facility and the experiment is on-going. In general, the final design meets the similarity criteria of the multidimensional physics inside the reactor pool. And also, for the conservation of natural circulation phenomena, the design meets the similarity requirements of geometry and thermo-dynamic behavior.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2010

RCCS is a passive safety-related system that removes the decay heat of VHTR when normal decay heat removal systems are in failure. Understanding thermo-hydraulics of RCCS is important to design a safer VHTR. RCCS consists of 292 cooling panels, which are placed in the reactor cavity. The layout of RCCS gives an idea that, for CFD simulations, cooling panels can be assumed to be one annulus tube. This assumption can reduce significantly the computational time, especially for the unsteady simulation. To simulate RCCS in an axisymmetric manner, three models were suggested and compared. Each model has (1) the same outer radius, (2) the same cross-sectional area (3) the same pressure drop, respectively, as the RCCS cooling panels. The steady-state simulation was conducted with these three models and the DO radiation model. It is found that over 90% of the heat from the outer wall of the reactor pressure vessel is transported to the RCCS by radiative heat transfer. The simulation with the third model, which has the same pressure drop as the design, estimates the closest wall temperature profiles to a thermo-hydraulic code, GAMMA+, result.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.62 no.2
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 2024

A study was conducted on a tubular heat exchanger to improve its heat transfer rate by using a novel baffle plate design with discontinuous swirling patterns. The design consisted of perforated baffle plates with rectangular air deflectors positioned at varying angles. The tubes in the heat exchanger were arranged in a consistent alignment with the airflow direction and exposed to a uniform heat flux on their surfaces. Each baffle plate included sixteen deflectors inclined at the same angle and arranged in a clockwise pattern. This arrangement induced a swirling motion of the air inside a circular duct where the heated tubes were located, leading to increased turbulence and improved heat transfer on the tube surfaces. The spacing between the baffle plates was adjusted at different pitch ratios, and the Reynolds number was controlled within a range of 16,000 to 29,000. The effects of pitch ratios and inclination angles on the heat exchanger's performance were analyzed. The results indicated that using a baffle plate with rectangular deflectors inclined at 30° and a pitch ratio of 1.2 resulted in an average increase of 1.29 in the thermal enhancement factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2019

In a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system, a vertical ground heat exchanger (GHE) is widely accepted due to a higher thermal performance. In the vertical GHE, grout (also called grouting material) plays an important role in the heat transfer performance and the initial installation cost of the GHE. Bentonite-based grout has been used in practice because of its high swelling potential and low hydraulic conductivity. This study evaluated the thermo-physical properties of the bentonite-based grouts through lab-scale measurements. In addition, we conducted performance simulation to analyze the effect of mixed ratio of grouts on the design length and thermal performance of the vertical GHE. The simulation results show that thermally-enhanced grouts improve the heat transfer performance of the vertical GHE and thus reduce the design length of GHE pipe.