• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2019

달 표면 전체에 걸쳐 열물성치를 확보하는 대신 단위 면적당 열질량을 이용하여 달 표면온도를 정확히 예측할 수 있는 개선된 집중계(Lumped System Model, LSM) 해석방법을 제시하였다. 최근에 발표된 연구에 기초하여 표토층 최상단의 단위 면적당 열 질량이 균일하다고 가정하고, 하부면 전도열유속 방정식을 이론적인 근거 하에 도입함으로써 DLRE 측정온도와 상당한 정도 잘 일치하는 달 표면의 온도지도를 구하였다. LSM 온도예측은 태양복사가 약한 황혼, 새벽 및 고위도 지역을 제외하면 DLRE 측정과 잘 일치하며, 이러한 지역에서의 온도 불일치는 하부 전도열유속 모델의 한계에 기인한다. 표면 지형과 열물성치가 매우 불균일한 지역에서 나타나는 비정상온도 영역을 제외하고 LSM 분석으로 생성된 달 표면 온도지도는 DLRE 측정 결과와 유사하다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.913-920
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• 2012

In spite of some problems in processability and bondability, Au wires in the microelectronics industry are gradually being replaced by copper wires to reduce the cost of raw material. In this article, the effects of surface roughness enhanced capillaries on thermosonic Cu wire bonding were evaluated. The roughness-enhanced zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) capillaries were fabricated via a thermal grooving technique. As a result, the shear bond strength of first bonds (ball bonds) bonded using the roughness-enhanced capillary was enhanced by 15% as compared with that of normal bonds due to more effective plastic deformation and flow of a Cu ball. In the pull-out test of second bonds (stitch bonds), processed at two limit conditions on combinations of process parameters, the bond strength of bonds formed using the roughness-enhanced capillary also resulted in values higher by 55.5% than that of normal bonds because of the increase in the bonding area, indicating the expansion of a processing window for Cu wire bonding. These results suggest that the adoption of roughness-enhanced capillaries is a promising approach for enhancing processability and bondability in Cu wire bonding.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1716-1721
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• 2021

Chikungunya fever is an arboviral disease caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The disease has similar clinical manifestations with other acute febrile illnesses which complicates differential diagnosis in low-resource settings. We aimed to develop a rapid test for CHIKV detection based on the nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay technology. The system consists of a primer set that recognizes the E1 region of the CHIKV genome and test strips in an enclosed cassette which are used to detect amplicons labeled with FITC/biotin. Amplification of the viral genome was done using open-source PCR, a low-cost open-source thermal cycler. Assay performance was evaluated using a panel of RNA isolated from patients' blood with confirmed CHIKV (n = 8) and dengue virus (n = 20) infection. The open-source PCR-NALFIA platform had a limit of detection of 10 RNA copies/ml. The assay had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 67.56% - 100%) and 100% (95% CI: 83.89% - 100%), respectively, compared to reference standards of any positive virus culture on C6/36 cell lines and/or qRT-PCR. Further evaluation of its performance using a larger sample size may provide important data to extend its usefulness, especially its utilization in the peripheral healthcare facilities with scarce resources and outbreak situations.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2021

This study aims to develop an improved evaluation technology for assessing CANDU-6 safety. For this purpose, the multiple steam generator tube rupture (mSGTR) followed by an unmitigated station blackout (SBO) in a CANDU-6 plant was selected as a hypothetical event scenario and the analysis model to evaluate the plant responses was envisioned into the MARS-KS input model. The model includes logic models for controlling the pressure and inventory of the primary heat transport system (PHTS) decreasing due to the u-tubes' rupture, as well as the main features of PHTS with a simplified model for the horizontal fuel channels, the secondary heat transport system including the shell side of steam generators, feedwater and main steam line, and moderator system. A steady state condition was successfully achieved to confirm the stable convergence of the key parameters. Until the turbine trip, the fuel channels were adequately cooled by forced circulation of coolant and supply of main feedwater. However, due to the continuous reduction of PHTS pressure and inventory, the reactor and turbine were shut down and the thermal-hydraulic behaviors between intact and broken loops got asymmetric. Furthermore, as the conditions of low-flow coolant and high void fraction in the broken loop persisted, leading to degradation of decay heat removal, it was evaluated that the peak cladding temperature (PCT) exceeded the limit criteria for ensuring nuclear fuel integrity. This study is expected to provide the technical bases to the accident management strategy for transient conditions with multiple events.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2007

Coated conductor(CC) is recently in actively progress for the research and development, and its can be used various stabilizer lot the specific requirements for each application. Among various superconducting applications, coated conductor applied to superconducting fault current limiters(SFCLS) bypasses fault current to its stabilizer, where the surge is abruptly reduced ; thus, stainless steel, which has large resistivity can be a suitable stabilizer for SFCLS. Despite high n-value of the YBCO, CC stabilized with stainless steel did not effectively limit the first peak fault current. In the short circuit test results of AMSC's 344S, a half period delay was observed between the fault and the generation of resistance(60Hz). In this paper, we performed short-circuit experiments with stacked and unstacked CC and compared the test results to analyze effective fault current limiting characteristics. we compared time of the generated resistance as the fault current limiting characteristics and made the samples one is the stacked CC and the other is unstacked CC. These samples were used equal numbers of pieces of CC. In addition, comparison and analysis was made for the stacked structure by measuring fault current limiting characteristics with respect to thermal insulation by impregnating with epoxy resin.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2023

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases in citrus, which imperils the sustainability of citriculture worldwide. The presumed causal agent of HLB, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) is a non-culturable phloem-limited α-proteobacterium transmitted by Asian citrus psyllids (ACP, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama). A widely adopted method for HLB diagnosis is based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Although HLB diagnostic qPCR provides high sensitivity and good reproducibility, it is limited by time-consuming DNA preparation from plant tissue or ACP and the requirement of proper lab instruments including a thermal cycler to conduct qPCR. In an attempt to develop a quick assay that can be deployed in the field for CLas detection, we developed a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-LAMP) assay by targeting the CLas five copy nrdB gene. The rt-LAMP assay using various plant sample types and psyllids successfully detected the nrdB target as low as ~2.6 Log10 copies. Although the rt-LAMP assay was less sensitive than laboratory-based qPCR (detection limit ~10 copies), the data obtained with citrus leaf and bark and ACP showed that the rt-LAMP assay has >96% CLas detection rate, compared to that of laboratory-based qPCR. However, the CLas detection rate in fibrous roots was significantly decreased compared to qPCR due to low CLas titer in some root DNA sample. We also demonstrated that the rt-LAMP assay can be used with a crude leaf DNA extract which is fully deployable in the field for quick and reliable HLB screening.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2023

Porous ceramics are used in various industrial applications based on their physical properties, including isolation, storage, and thermal barrier properties. However, traditional manufacturing environments require additional steps to control artificial pores and limit deformities, because they rely on limited molding methods. To overcome this drawback, many studies have recently focused on fabricating porous structures using additive manufacturing techniques. In particular, the binder jet technology enables high porosity and various types of designs, and avoids the limitations of existing manufacturing processes. In this study, we investigated process optimization for manufacturing porous ceramic filters using the binder jet technology. In binder jet technology, the flowability of the powder used as the base material is an important factor, as well as compatibility with the binder in the process and for the final print. Flow agents and secondary binders were used to optimize the flowability and compatibility of the powders. In addition, the effects of the amount of added glass frit, and changes in sintering temperature on the microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties of the final printed product were investigated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.1066-1080
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• 2024

SMART100 has a containment pressure and radioactivity suppression system (CPRSS) for passive containment cooling system (PCCS). This prevents overheating and over-pressurization of a containment through direct contact condensation in an in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST) and wall condensation in a CPRSS heat exchanger (CHX) in an emergency cool-down tank (ECT). The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) constructed scaled-down test facilities, SISTA1 and SISTA2, for the thermal-hydraulic validation of the SMART100 CPRSS. Three separate effect tests were performed using SISTA1 to confirm the heat removal characteristics of SMART100 CPRSS. When the low mass flux steam with or without non-condensable gas is released into an IRWST, the conditions for mitigation of the chugging phenomenon were identified, and the physical variables were quantified by the 3D reconstruction method. The local behavior of the non-condensable gas was measured after condensation inside heat exchanger using a traverse system. Stratification of non-condensable gas occurred in large tank of the natural circulation loop. SISTA2 was used to simulate a small break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLCOA) transient. Since the test apparatus was a metal tank, compensations of initial heat transfer to the material and effect of heat loss during long-term operation were important for simulating cooling performance of SMART100 CPRSS. The pressure of SMART100 CPRSS was maintained below the design limit for 3 days even under sufficiently conservative conditions of an SBLOCA transient.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2013

본 연구는 여름철 낮 그늘시렁의 차양이 온열쾌적 지표에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 수행하였다. 이를 위해 여름철 차양 및 겨울철 방풍을 고려하여 갈대발로 천개면 등을 차폐한 3가지 유형의 그늘시렁(가로 4m${\times}$세로 4m${\times}$높이 2.7m) I(천개면 차폐) II(천개면, 서향면 차폐) III(천개면, 서향면, 북향면 차폐)을 4층 옥상에 구축하였다. 그리고 1차 실험은 2013년 8월 14일부터 16일까지 대조구, 그늘시렁 I, III을 대상으로, 2차 실험은 2013년 8월 26일부터 28일까지 대조구, 그늘시렁 I, II를 대상으로 기상변수(기온, 습도, 복사, 풍속)를 측정하였다. 그늘시렁의 차양이 인체가 흡수하는 복사환경과 $T_{mrt}$ 및 $SET^*$에 미치는 영향은 다음과 같다. 그늘시렁의 차양으로 인해 인체가 흡수한 복사량의 저감은 단파복사가 장파복사에 비해 훨씬 크게 나타났다. 대조구 대비 인체가 흡수한 단파복사량 차이의 최댓값 ${\Delta}K_{abs,max}$는 그늘시렁 I과 III에서는 $-119W/m^2$와 $-158W/m^2$였으며, 그늘시렁 I과 II에서는 $-145W/m^2$와 $-159W/m^2$였다. 대조구 대비 인체가 흡수한 장파복사량의 차이의 최댓값 ${\Delta}L_{abs,max}$는 그늘시렁 I과 III에서는 $-15W/m^2$와 $-17W/m^2$였으며, 그늘시렁 I과 II에서는 $-8W/m^2$와 $-7W/m^2$였다. 그늘시렁의 차양에 의해 인체가 흡수한 $T_{mrt}$와 $SET^*$ 값도 낮아졌다. $T_{mrt}$는 1차 실험에서는 그늘시렁 I과 III에서 각각 최대 $16.0^{\circ}C$와 $21.4^{\circ}C$, 그리고 2차 실험에서는 그늘시렁 I과 II에서 각각 최대 $18.8^{\circ}C$와 $20.8^{\circ}C$ 저감되었다. $SET^*$는 1차 실험에서는 그늘시렁 I과 III에서 각각 최대 $2.9^{\circ}C$와 $2.6^{\circ}C$ 그리고 2차 실험에서는 그늘시렁 I과 II에서 각각 최대 $3.5^{\circ}C$와 $2.6^{\circ}C$ 저감되었다. 대조구 $SET^*$ 대비 그늘시렁 II, III의 $SET^*$ 저감효율은 그늘시렁 I에 비해 낮게 나타났는데, 이는 풍속의 차이 때문이었다. 따라서 그늘시렁 수직면의 차폐시에는 차양 못지않게 통풍을 고려하는 것이 필수적이라 생각된다. 대조구의 3일간 평균 최고기온이 $37.5^{\circ}C$였던 1차 실험기간 결과에서는 $SET^*$ 값이 하루 중 대부분 시간대에서 온열 쾌적대 및 수용대의 상한 값인 $28.7^{\circ}C$와 $30.4^{\circ}C$를 초과하였다. 반면에 대조구의 3일간 평균 최고기온이 $34.4^{\circ}C$였던 2차 실험결과, $SET^*$ 값이 그늘시렁 I에서는 18~12시와 오후 14~18시, 그늘시렁 II는 15~18시에만 온열 쾌적대에 드는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 그늘시렁 I, II에서 $SET^*$ 값은 하루 중 대부분 시간대에서 온열 수용대에 드는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 혹서기에 그늘시렁의 온열쾌적성을 확보하기 위해서는 갈대발 등에 의한 차양뿐만 아니라, 덩굴식물이나 녹음수에 의한 차양을 도입하는 방안을 강구하여야 할 것이다. 그리고 그늘시렁의 차양효과를 평가하는 지표로서 $T_{mrt}$와 $SET^*$는 실효성이 있었다고 판단되며, 향후 옥외 조경공간의 온열환경 평가 지표로서 활용이 기대된다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2011

목적: 초점거리의 비가 3:1인 아나모픽 렌즈를 적용하여 탐지거리를 증대시키는 열상 광학계를 설계하였다. 방법: 화각이 $50^{\circ}{\sim}60^{\circ}$, 초점거리는 수평방향 36 mm, 수직방향 12 mm로 구속조건을 정하였다. 구속조건으로 f-number는 4, 화소 크기는 $15{\mu}m{\times}15{\mu}m$, 한계 분해능은 33l p/mm에서 25% 이상으로 제한하였다. 재질은 Si, ZnS, ZnSe를 사용하였으며 파장영역은 4.8 ${\mu}m$, 4.2 ${\mu}m$, 3.7 ${\mu}m$로 설정하였다. 설계한 열상 카메라의 광학적 성능 및 탐지거리와 나르시서스, 비열화를 분석하였다. 결과: 열상 광학계의 초점거리는 Y축 방향이 12 mm, X축 방향이 36 mm를 만족하였으며 f-number는 4를 만족하였다. 전장의 길이는 76 mm로 시스템의 전반적인 부피를 감소시켰다. 구면수차와 비점수차는 ${\pm}$0.10내로 2 pixel 크기보다 작게 나타났다. 왜곡수차는 10%이내로써 열상 카메라로 사용하는데 문제가 없음을 확인하였다. 광학계 MTF 성능은 33l p/mm에서 full field 까지 25%이상으로 구속조건을 만족하였다. 설계된 열상 광학계는 2.9 km까지 탐지할 수 있으며 4면을 제외한 나머지 면들의 나르시서스 값을 줄여 상 번짐이 감소하였다. 민감도 분석을 통해 5번째 렌즈를 보상자로 선택하여 온도 변화에 따른 MTF 해상력을 높였다. 결론: 아나모픽 렌즈를 적용해서 설계한 열상 광학계의 광학적 성능은 구속조건을 만족하였으며 더 긴 탐지거리와 나르시서스의 감소, 온도에 따른 해상력이 증가됨을 확인하였다.