• 제목/요약/키워드: thermal dynamics

검색결과 710건 처리시간 0.026초

Energy separation and carrier-phonon scattering in CdZnTe/ZnTe quantum dots on Si substrate

  • 만민탄;이홍석
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.191.2-191.2
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    • 2015
  • Details of carrier dynamics in self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) with a particular attention to nonradiative processes are not only interesting for fundamental physics, but it is also relevant to performance of optoelectronic devices and the exploitation of nanocrystals in practical applications. In general, the possible processes in such systems can be considered as radiative relaxation, carrier transfer between dots of different dimensions, Auger nonradiactive scattering, thermal escape from the dot, and trapping in surface and/or defects states. Authors of recent studies have proposed a mechanism for the carrier dynamics of time-resolved photoluminescence CdTe (a type II-VI QDs) systems. This mechanism involves the activation of phonons mediated by electron-phonon interactions. Confinement of both electrons and holes is strongly dependent on the thermal escape process, which can include multi-longitudinal optical phonon absorption resulting from carriers trapped in QD surface defects. Furthermore, the discrete quantized energies in the QD density of states (1S, 2S, 1P, etc.) arise mainly from ${\delta}$-functions in the QDs, which are related to different orbitals. Multiple discrete transitions between well separated energy states may play a critical role in carrier dynamics at low temperature when the thermal escape processes is not available. The decay time in QD structures slightly increases with temperature due to the redistribution of the QDs into discrete levels. Among II-VI QDs, wide-gap CdZnTe QD structures characterized by large excitonic binding energies are of great interest because of their potential use in optoelectronic devices that operate in the green spectral range. Furthermore, CdZnTe layers have emerged as excellent candidates for possible fabrication of ferroelectric non-volatile flash memory. In this study, we investigated the optical properties of CdZnTe/ZnTe QDs on Si substrate grown using molecular beam epitaxy. Time-resolved and temperature-dependent PL measurements were carried out in order to investigate the temperature-dependent carrier dynamics and the activation energy of CdZnTe/ZnTe QDs on Si substrate.

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상부 코일히터를 갖춘 나선재킷형 태양열 축열조의 성능예측을 위한 CFD 해석모델 개발 및 검증 (Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Solar Thermal Storage Tanks with Helical Jacket Heater and Upper Spiral Coil Heater)

  • 백승만;종일명;남진현;정재동;홍희기
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.331-341
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    • 2013
  • 태양열 온수급탕 시스템에서는 태양열 에너지가 집열판에서 획득되고 열매체로 전달되어 최종적으로 온수의 형태로 축열조에 저장된다. 본 연구에서는 상부 코일히터를 갖춘 나선재킷형 축열조의 축열성능 특성을 정확하게 해석할 수 있는 전산유체역학 모델을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 고려한 축열조는 벽면에 열매체의 나선유로가 형성된 맨틀형 축열조의 일종으로 시스템 설계 단순화, 저유량 운전, 성층화 촉진 등의 장점을 지닌다. 또한 축열조 내부에 추가적인 코일히터가 장착되어 축열성능과 성층화의 추가적인 향상을 도모할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 개발된 해석모델의 검증은 실제 태양열 온수급탕 시스템의 실증실험 결과와 비교를 통하여 수행되었으며, 온수의 온도변화, 열매체의 온도변화, 성층화 온도분포의 측면에서 잘 일치하는 결과를 얻었다.

단순화된 피동 원자로건물 냉각계통 내 자연순환에 관한 수치적 연구 (Numerical Investigation on Natural Circulation in a Simplified Passive Containment Cooling System)

  • 서정수
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.92-98
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    • 2018
  • The flow of cooling water in a passive containment cooling system (PCCS), used to remove heat released in design basis accidents from a concrete containment of light water nuclear power plant, was conducted in order to investigate the thermo-fluid equilibrium among many parallel tubes of PCCS. Numerical simulations of the subcooled boiling flow within a coolant loop of a PCCS, which will be installed in innovative pressurized-water reactor (PWR), were conducted using the commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-CFX. Shear stress transport (SST) and the RPI model were used for turbulence closure and subcooled flow boiling, respectively. As the first step, the simplified geometry of PCCS with 36 tubes was modeled in order to reduce computational resource. Even and uneven thermal loading conditions were applied at the outer walls of parallel tubes for the simulation of the coolant flow in the PCCS at the initial phase of accident. It was observed that the natural circulation maintained in single-phase for all even and uneven thermal loading cases. For uneven thermal loading cases, coolant velocity in each tube were increased according to the applied heat flux. However, the flows were mixed well in the header and natural circulation of the whole cooling loop was not affected by uneven thermal loading significantly.

CFD 해석을 통한 하이브리드 공조시스템의 인체 온열감의 불균일성에 관한 연구 (Study on Non-uniform Thermal Comfort in Hybrid Air-Conditioning System with CFD Analysis)

  • 남유진;성민기;송두삼
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.216-222
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    • 2011
  • Recently, hybrid air-conditioning system has been proposed and applied to achieve building energy saving. One example is a system combining radiation panel with natural wind-induced cross-ventilation. However, few research works have been conducted on the non-uniformity of thermal comfort in such hybrid air-conditioning system. In this paper, both thermal environment and non-uniform thermal comfort of human thermal model under various air-conditioning system, including hybrid system, were evaluated in a typical office room using coupled simulation of computation fluid dynamics, radiation model and a human thermal model. The non-uniformity of thermal comfort was evaluated from the deviation of surface temperature of human thermal model. Flow fields and temperature distribution in each case were represented.

로켓엔진의 재생 냉각 열전달 해석 (A Numerical Simulation of Regenerative Cooling Heat Transfer for the Rocket Engine)

  • 전종국;박승오
    • 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국추진공학회 2003년도 제20회 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.127-130
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    • 2003
  • This paper presents the numerical thermal analysis for regeneratively cooled rocket thrust chambers. An integrated numerical model incorporates computational fluid dynamics for the hot-gas thermal environment, and thermal analysis for the liner and coolant channels. The flow and temperature fields in rocket thrust chambers is assumed to be axisymmetric steady state which is presumed to the combustion liner. The heat flux computed from nozzle flow is used to predict the temperature distribution of the combustion liner. As a result, we present the wall temperature of combustion liner and the temperature change of coolant.

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몬주 고속증식로 상부플레넘에서의 열성층에 관한 전산유체역학 해석 (COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF THERMAL STRATIFICATION IN THE UPPER PLENUM OF THE MONJU FAST BREEDER REACTOR)

  • 최석기;이태호
    • 한국전산유체공학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 2012
  • A numerical analysis of thermal stratification in the upper plenum of the MONJU fast breeder reactor was performed. Calculations were performed for a 1/6 simplified model of the MONJU reactor using the commercial code, CFX-13. To better resolve the geometrically complex upper core structure of the MONJU reactor, the porous media approach was adopted for the simulation. First, a steady state solution was obtained and the transient solutions were then obtained for the turbine trip test conducted in December 1995. The time dependent inlet conditions for the mass flow rate and temperature were provided by JAEA. Good agreement with the experimental data was observed for steady state solution. The numerical solution of the transient analysis shows the formation of thermal stratification within the upper plenum of the reactor vessel during the turbine trip test. The temporal variations of temperature were predicted accurately by the present method in the initial rapid coastdown period (~300 seconds). However, transient numerical solutions show a faster thermal mixing than that observed in the experiment after the initial coastdown period. A nearly homogenization of the temperature field in the upper plenum is predicted after about 900 seconds, which is a much shorter-term thermal stratification than the experimental data indicates. This discrepancy is due to the shortcoming of the turbulence models available in the CFX-13 code for a natural convection flow with thermal stratification.

나노윤활유를 사용하는 평행 슬라이더 베어링의 윤활해석 (Lubrication Analysis of Parallel Slider Bearing with Nanolubricant)

  • 박태조;강정국
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • 제39권3호
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    • pp.87-93
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    • 2023
  • Nanofluids are dispersions of particles smaller than 100 nm (nanoparticles) in base fluids. They exhibit high thermal conductivity and are mainly applied in cooling applications. Nanolubricants use nanoparticles in base oils as lubricant additives, and have recently started gathering increased attention owing to their potential to improve the tribological and thermal performances of various machinery. Nanolubricants reduce friction and wear, mainly by the action of nanoparticles; however, only a few studies have considered the rheological properties of lubricants. In this study, we adopt a parallel slider bearing model that does not generate geometrical wedge effects, and conduct thermohydrodynamic (THD) analyses to evaluate the effect of higher thermal conductivity and viscosity, which are the main rheological properties of nanolubricants, on the lubrication performances. We use a commercial computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT, to numerically analyze the continuity, Navier-Stokes, energy equations with temperature-viscosity-density relations, and thermal conductivity and viscosity models of the nanolubricant. The results show the temperature and pressure distributions, load-carrying capacity (LCC), and friction force for three film-temperature boundary conditions (FTBCs). The effects of the higher thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanolubricant on the LCC and friction force differ significantly, according to the FTBC. The thermal conductivity increases with temperature, improving the cooling performance, reducing LCC, and slightly increasing the friction. The increase in viscosity increases both the LCC and friction. The analysis method in this study can be applied to develop nanolubricants that can improve the tribological and cooling performances of various equipment; however, additional research is required on this topic.

Integrated fire dynamics and thermomechanical modeling framework for steel-concrete composite structures

  • Choi, Joonho;Kim, Heesun;Haj-ali, Rami
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.129-149
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    • 2010
  • The objective of this study is to formulate a general 3D material-structural analysis framework for the thermomechanical behavior of steel-concrete structures in a fire environment. The proposed analysis framework consists of three sequential modeling parts: fire dynamics simulation, heat transfer analysis, and a thermomechanical stress analysis of the structure. The first modeling part consists of applying the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) where coupled CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) with thermodynamics are combined to realistically model the fire progression within the steel-concrete structure. The goal is to generate the spatial-temporal (ST) solution variables (temperature, heat flux) on the surfaces of the structure. The FDS-ST solutions are generated in a discrete form. Continuous FDS-ST approximations are then developed to represent the temperature or heat-flux at any given time or point within the structure. An extensive numerical study is carried out to examine the best ST approximation functions that strike a balance between accuracy and simplicity. The second modeling part consists of a finite-element (FE) transient heat analysis of the structure using the continuous FDS-ST surface variables as prescribed thermal boundary conditions. The third modeling part is a thermomechanical FE structural analysis using both nonlinear material and geometry. The temperature history from the second modeling part is used at all nodal points. The ABAQUS (2003) FE code is used with external user subroutines for the second and third simulation parts in order to describe the specific heat temperature nonlinear dependency that drastically affects the transient thermal solution especially for concrete materials. User subroutines are also developed to apply the continuous FDS-ST surface nodal boundary conditions in the transient heat FE analysis. The proposed modeling framework is applied to predict the temperature and deflection of the well-documented third Cardington fire test.

전산유체역학을 이용한 디젤엔진 부하시험장의 환기 개선에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Ventilation Improvement of Diesel Locomotive Engine Load Test Building using Computational Fluid Dynamics)

  • 박덕신;정병철;조영민;박병현
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.227-242
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    • 2005
  • The aim of this study is to relieve the poor ventilation problem of the diesel locomotive engine load test building, located in an urban area. This paper evaluates the ventilation performances of the studied load test building based on the temperature measurement experiment and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) during the engine load test. The temperature rise caused by the radiator blower of the building was turned out to be the main cause of disturbing the thermal conditions of the building. The indoor temperature distributions simulated by Fluent were validated with the temperature measurement results obtained from the studied building. The simulation results indicated that the comfort condition of this building was poor We suggested several remedial changes in the duct structure of this building for the improvement of the comfort conditions. In addition, a prototype drawing combining several improved design options was proposed. and then the simulation of the temperature distribution in the proposed prototype was performed. The result indicated that the indoor thermal condition of this proposed building was improved when compared with that of the current building.