• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.241-246
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• 2015

Cellular foamed insulation such as polyurethane foam ages and degrades the thermal conductivity. Aging of foam is a result from the diffusion of gases, initially consisting of $CO_2$ but eventually replaced by air from the environment. The variation of the cell gas content with time is primarily influenced by the increase of thermal conductivity of the cellular foam. The weight of foam also changes as the gas diffuses and exchanges. In this study, a weight measurement method has been proposed to evaluate the effective diffusion coefficients of $CO_2$ and Air, $D_{CO2}=7.08504E-11$ and $D_{air}=4.86086E-12$, respectively and are compared with the gas analysis method.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.785-790
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• 2002

Distributions of residual stress in diffusion bonding of dissimilar materials intermetallics TiAl to steel 40Cr were simulated by FEM calculation. Results showed that destructive residual stresses presented in the minute area adjacent to bond-line of the base material with smaller coefficient of thermal expansion. Reducing bonding temperature and diminishing bonding time are in favor of the mollification of interface tresses.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.297-302
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• 2018

The important drawback of hardware fasteners consisted of 304 stainless steel (STS) is a frequent galling caused by a combination of friction and adhesion between the sliding surface. To improve the anti-galling effect, Sn-Al coatings by a thermal diffusion have been developed. The thermal diffusion by pack cementation with an $AlCl_3$ activator at $250^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour produced an Sn-Al alloy coating layer with an average thickness of $9.9{\pm}0.5{\mu}m$ on the surface of 304 STS fasteners. Compared with the galling frequency of the 304 STS fasteners, Sn-Al coatings on the surface of 304 STS fasteners demonstrated about 2.8-time reduction of the galling frequency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.833-836
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• 2000

The mechanical and thermal load. and thermal softening which is happened by the high temperature of die, in hot and warm forging, cause wear. heat checking and plastic deformation, etc. This study is for the effects of solid lubricants and surface treatments for warm forging die Because cooling effect and low friction are essential to the long lift of dies. optimal surface treatments and lubricants are very important to hot and warm forging Process. The heat that is generated by repeated forging processes. and its transfer are important factors to affect die life. The main factors, which affect die hardness and heat transfer, are surface treatments and lubricants, which are related to thermal diffusion coefficient and heat transfer coefficient, etc. For verifying these. experiments art performed for diffusion coefficient and heat transfer coefficient in various conditions - different initial billet temperatures and different loads. Carbonitriding and ionitriding are used as surface treatments. and oil- base and water-base graphite lubrirants are used. The effects of lubricant and surface treatment for warm forging die lift are explained by their thermal characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.19-29
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the air diffusion performance of a range of indoor units for room airconditioners; the wall-mounted type, floor-standing type, and ceiling-mounted type. These types of units, which have been widely used in housing spaces, will be studied with respect to thermal comfort and the energy performance using CFD analysis. In this study, current air conditioning status and related problems in housing spaces are examined, and a CFD analysis is performed in order to compare and analyze the thermal comfort and energy efficiency across each type of indoor-unit using the PMV, ADPI, EUC and FCEI indexes. The analysis results collectively considering thermal comfort and energy performance indicated that the ceiling-mounted type 4-way indoor unit showed the best diffusion performance in terms of thermal comfort, and had the second best diffusion performance in terms of energy performance after the wall-mounted type under certain conditions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.688-696
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• 2004

Nonlinear dynamic behavior of diffusive-thermal instability in diluted CH$_4$/O$_2$ diffusion flames is numerically investigated by adopting detailed chemistry and transport. Counterflow diffusion flame is adopted as a model flamelet. Particular attention is focused on the pulsating-instability regime, which arises for Lewis numbers greater than unity, and the instability occurs at high strain rate near extinction condition in this flame configuration. Once a steady flame structure is obtained for a prescribed value of initial strain rate, transient solution of the flame is calculated after a finite amount of strain-rate perturbation is imposed on the steady flame. Transient evolution of the flame depends on the initial strain rate and the amount of perturbed strain rate. Basically, the dynamic behaviors can be classified into two types, namely non-oscillatory decaying solution and diverging solution leading to extinction. The peculiar oscillatory solution, which has been found in the previous study adopting one-step chemistry and constant Lewis numbers, is net observed in this study, which is attributed to both convective flow and preferential diffusion effects.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.95-101
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• 2004

Dynamic behavior of diffusive-thermal instability in diluted $CH_4/O_2$ diffusion flames is numerically investigated by adopting detailed chemistry and transport. Counterflow diffusion flame is adopted as a model flamelet. Particular attention is focused on the pulsating-instability regime, which arises for Lewis numbers greater than unity, and the instability occurs at high strain rate near extinction condition in this flame configuration. Once a steady flame structure is obtained for a prescribed value of initial strain rate. transient solution of the flame is calculated after a finite amount of strain-rate perturbation is imposed Oil the steady flame. Transient evolution of the flame depends on the initial strain rate and the amount of perturbed strain rate. Basically, the dynamic behaviors can be classified into two types, namely non-oscillatory decaying solution and diverging solution leading to extinction. The peculiar oscillatory solution. which has been found in the previous study adopting one-step chemistry and constant Lewis numbers, is not observed in this study, which is attributed to both convective flow and preferential diffusion effects.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.901-906
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• 2010

The first stage blade of a gas turbine was operated under a severe environment which included both $1300^{\circ}C$ hot gas and thermal stress. To obtain high efficiency, a thermal barrier coating (TBC) and an internal cooling system were used to increase the firing temperature. The TBC consists of multi-layer coatings of a ceramic outer layer (top coating) and a metallic inner layer (bond coat) between the ceramic and the substrate. The top and bond coating layer respectively act as a thermal barrier against hot gas and a buffer against the thermal stress caused by the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between the ceramic and the substrate. Particularly, the bondcoating layer improves the resistance against oxidation and corrosion. An inter-diffusion layer is generated between the bond coat and the substrate due to the exposure at a high temperature and the diffusion phenomenon. A thickness measurement result showed that the bond coat of the suction side was thicker than that of the pressure side. The thickest inter-diffusion zone was noted at SS1 (Suction Side point 1). A chemical composition analysis of the bond coat showed aluminum depletion around the inter-diffusion layer. In this study, we evaluated the properties of the bond coat and the degradation of the coating layer used on a $1300^{\circ}C$-class gas turbine blade. Moreover, the operation temperature of the blade was estimated using the Arrhenius equation and this was compared with the result of a thermal analysis.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.29 no.spc1
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• pp.231-232
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• 1996

The local instabilities of accretion disks were extensively studied, with the considerations of radial advection, thermal diffusion and different disk geometry, dominated pressure and optical depth. Two inertial-acoustic modes in a geometrically thin, radiative cooling dominated disk depart from each other if very little advection is included. A geometrically slim, advection-dominated disk is found to be always stable if it is optically thin. However, if it is optically thick, the thermal diffusion has no effect on the stable viscous mode but has a significant contribution to enhance the thermal instability.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.40-44
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• 2001

Microbump formation during CO$_2$ laser texturing of glass substrates is examined in this paper. Experimental results show that different bump shapes (dome-shaped, with a central dimple, and with a peripheral rim) are generated depending on the laser fluence. A theoretical model for the process is suggested based on thermoelastic behavior but limited only to the dome-shaped bump. The dimensions (maximum height and base area) of the bump shows a logarithmic dependence on laser fluence as expected from the theory. Numerical computation reveals that the effect of thermal diffusion is not negligible for relatively long laser pulses.