• Carbon letters
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.198-202
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• 2014

Amorphous agglomerates of carbon nanospheres (CNS) with a diameter range of 10-50 nm were synthesized using the solution combustion method. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed a densely packed high surface area of $SP^2$-hybridized carbon; however, there were no crystalline structural components, as can be seen from the scanning electron microscopy, HRTEM, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analyses. Electrochemical and thermo catalytic decomposition study results show that the material can be used as a potential electrode candidate for the fabrication of energy storage devices and also for the production of free hydrogen if such devices are used in a fluidized bed reactor loaded with the as-prepared CNS as the catalyst bed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.612-618
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• 1997

$LiMn_2O_4$ powders were prepared by burning and subsequent calcination of PEG-metal nitrate precursor. After the burning stage of the precursor, some minor phases such as $Mn_2O_3$ (or $Mn_3O_4$), MnO, and carbonate were formed and single phases of $LiMn_2O_4$ were obtained by further calcinations above 400 ℃. From thermal analysis of the precursor, a violent thermal decomposition, which was indicated by a drastic weight loss accompanied by a sharp and strong exothermic peak, was observed and probably caused by an oxidation-reduction reaction between oxidizer and fuel. The formation of the minor phases could be explained in terms of the burning behavior of the precursor by employing valence concepts of propellant chemistry. The calcined powders were composed of submicron-sized but highly agglomerated particles and showed very broad particle size distribution.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2001년도 제23회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.169-178
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• 2001

Among the recent research ideas to reduce hydrocarbon emissions emitted from SI engines till light-off of catalyst since cold start are those exploiting non-thermal plasma technique and photo-catalyst that draws recent attention by virtue of its successful application to practical use to clean up the atmosphere using the feature of its relative independence on temperature. Based on the previous research results obtained with model exhaust gases using an experimental emissions reduction system that utilizes the non-thermal plasma and photo-catalyst technique, further investigation was conducted on a production N/A 1.5 liter DOHC engine during cold start to warm-up. For the effects of non-thermal plasma-photocatalyst combined reactor, 10% concentration reduction was achieved with the fuel component paraffins, and the large increase in non-fuel paraffinic components and acetylene concentrations were similar to those of base condition. However the absolute value was locally a bit higher than those of base condition since the products was made from the dissociation and decomposition of highly branched paraffins by plasma-photocatalyst reactor. Olefinic components were highly decomposed by about 75%, due to these excellent decompositions of olefins which have relatively high MIR values, and the SR value was 1.87 that is 30% reduction from that of base condition, then, the photochemical reactivity was lowered.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1999

천연섬유분진의 연소특성을 조사하고자 국내 방적공장의 집진기에서 직접 포집된 천연섬유분진을 열시차 및 열중량 분석기를 이용하여 온도에 따른 분해 특성을 조사하였고, 자연발화 시험기를 이용하여 시료의 입도분포 및 시료량에 따른 천연섬유의 연소특성을 시간에 따른 온도의 변화로 측정하였다. 또한 자연발화 시험기 내부의 공기흐름에 따른 연소특성을 조사하고자 송풍과 무풍 상태에서의 자연발화 또는 훈소특성을 조사하였다. 열분석 결과 승온속도가 증가할수록 발열개시온도가 현저히 낮았고 발열량도 크게 증가하였다. 또한, 천연섬유 분진은 시료량과 입도가 증가할수록 발열개시온도가 낮아지고 있으며, 연소형태는 모두 훈소 상태를 보였다. 시험기 내부가 송풍상태일 때 보다 무풍상태로 실험하였을 때 발열개시온도가 약간 낮으며, 발열량도 크게 나타났다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2013

In this study, oil palm biomass such as empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) was used as raw materials for making pellets. Hardwood sawdusts were also mixed with EFB and PKS for making pellets. For improving a bad forming behavior in a pelletizer, 1 to 3 per cent of corn starch based on oven-dried weight biomass was added. The starch contributed to the decrease of dust generation in addition to the improvement of forming capability during pellet forming. Heating values of every pellets made of EFB and PKS were higher than 4,300 kcal/kg for the first grade pellet, irrespective of addition of sawdusts. However, the pellets made of EFB and PKS had ash contents over 3 per cent, which made it impossible to be applied for home use. Instead, they could be applied for industrial use. For studying their combustion characteristics, the pellets from the mixtures of EFB, PKS and sawdusts were analyzed using thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). From the TGA results, thermal decomposition of EFB and PKS occurred following three including endothermic reaction and dehydration, devolatilization of the major chemical components, and finally combustion of residual lignin and char.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

20 L 구형 폭발시험장치와 시차주사열량계(DSC)를 사용하여 반응성 유기물 분진의 폭발 및 열분해 특성을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 그 결과 97 % Benzoyl peroxide(BPO), Phthalic anhydride(PA), 1-Hydroxybenzotri azol(HBT)의 폭발하한은 매우 낮은 농도인 10~15 g/$m^3$의 범위로 측정되어 착화위험성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. HBT, PA 및 97 % BPO의 폭발지수는 각각 251, 146, 80 [bar m/s]로서, HBT는 폭발등급 2에 해당한다. 또한 밀폐계 분진폭발의 화염전파 특성을 추정하기 위하여 용기면에의 화염도달시간과 폭발압력을 고려하여 화염전파속도를 예측하였다. 97 % BPO 및 HBT의 열분해 개시온도와 발열량은 각각 $107^{\circ}C$(1025 J/g), $214^{\circ}C$(1666 J/g)로 나타났는데, 이와같이 낮은 열분해 온도와 큰 발열량이 폭발특성에 영향을 주는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.478-485
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 목재의 화재 안정성 평가에 대한 기초 자료를 구축하기 위하여 연소 성능 및 열적 특성을 분석하였다. 열특성 분석은 콘 칼로리미터 시험 방법과 열중량 분석(TGA)으로 열방출률, 총 방출열량, 연소 가스 발생, 그리고 중량 감소를 분석하였다. TGA 분석에서 시료의 열분해 온도는 스트로브 잣나무 $359.83^{\circ}C$, 서어나무 $359.80^{\circ}C$, 이태리 포플러 $363.14^{\circ}C$, 졸참나무 $358.59^{\circ}C$, 산벚나무 $362.11^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 열방출률의 최댓값은 서어나무로 나타났으며, 최솟값은 스트로브 잣나무로 나타났다. 총방출열량을 분석한 결과, 서어나무가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고, 이태리 포플러가 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 가스분석 결과에서는 산벚나무가 $CO/CO_2$ 비율이 최소치로 0.021로 확인되었고, 졸참나무가 0.031로 최대치를 나타내었다. 중량감소율의 최솟값은 산벚나무가 87.57%로 나타났으며, 졸참나무가 95.03%로 CO와 $CO_2$의 발생과 목재 연소의 거동과의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 본 연구는 목재의 실내 적용 시 화재 안정성 향상 등의 기초 자료로써 매우 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 1996

This study was to decompose carbon tetrachloride and CFC with pyrolytic incineration unit because of prohibition of their usage sooner or later. We have investigated heating value and temperature versus decomposing rate, removal of $Cl_2$ and dust in the flue gas, The results obtained were as follows; 1. In combustion condition to decompose $CCl_4$ heating value was 3,300Kcal/Kg, retention time was 2,0 sec. incinerator exit temperature was $950^{\circ}C$. 2.The removal of HCI and $Cl_2$ in flue gas used NaOH as reagent, then molar ratio o of $Na^+/Cl^-$ was 1.07. 3. NaCI of dust component was more than 90 %, 2 stage venturi scrubber was used to remove dust, then removal rate of dust was 99% over at L/G of $1.7Vm^3$

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2008

Tricrecyl phosphate(TCP)-containing polyurea microcapsules were prepared by interfacial polymerization using aromatic 2,4-toluene diisocyanate(TDI) and ethylenediamine(EDA) as wall forming materials. The effects of the protective colloids of polyvinylalcohol(PVA) and gelatin were investigated through experimentation. The mean size of prepared polyurea microcapsules was smaller and the surface morphology of the microcapsule prepared by the PVA as protective colloid was much smoother than the gelatin. As the concentration of protective colloid increased, the wall membrane of the polyurea microcapsules became more stable, the thermal stability of the wall membrane increased, the mean particle size became smaller, and the particle distribution was more uniform. PET containg microTCPs have a higher activation energy of decomposition, higher char content and lower heat of combustion.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.255-262
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• 1993

Major parameters determining the extent of Ca utilization were investigated for their calcination/sulfation behavior of limestone in the AFBC(Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion) environments. Three different particle sizes of Fredonia limestone were investigated in the lab-scale tubular reactor. The results of the calcination codnversion of limestone imply that thesd decomposition rate of CaCO3 into CaO is dependent on the amount of heat which limestone absorbed. Hg porosimeter measurement of calcined limestone illustrated that surface area and pore volume are increased with decreasing particle size. Raw Fredonia limestone and sequentially as well as simultaneously calcined/sulfated limestones were also examined using SEM. The SEM Studied showed that the surface of the calcined limestone particles is more diffusive nature than that of the parent calcite. However, the sulfur distribution pattern of simultaneously-treated particles and that of the se-quentially-treated one shows no difference.