• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2016

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; therefore there is a need to discover new therapeutic modules with improved efficacy and safety. Immune-(cell) therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of intractable cancers. The effectiveness of certain chemotherapeutics in inducing immunogenic tumor cell death thus promoting cancer eradication has been reported. Ginsenoside Rg3 is a ginseng saponin that has antitumor and immunomodulatory activity. In this study, we treated tumor cells with Rg3 to verify the significance of inducing immunogenic tumor cell death in antitumor therapy, especially in DC-based immunotherapy. Rg3 killed the both immunogenic (B16F10 melanoma cells) and non-immunogenic (LLC: Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells) tumor cells by inducing apoptosis. Surface expression of immunogenic death markers including calreticulin and heat shock proteins and the transcription of relevant genes were increased in the Rg3-dying tumor. Increased calreticulin expression was directly related to the uptake of dying tumor cells by dendritic cells (DCs): the proportion of CRT⁺CD11c⁺cells was increased in the Rg3-treated group. Interestingly, tumor cells dying by immunogenic cell death secreted IFN-γ, an effector molecule for antitumor activity in T cells. Along with the Rg3-induced suppression of pro-angiogenic (TNF-α) and immunosuppressive cytokine (TGF-β) secretion, IFN-γ production from the Rg3-treated tumor cells may also indicate Rg3 as an effective anticancer immunotherapeutic strategy. The data clearly suggests that Rg3-induced immunogenic tumor cell death due its cytotoxic effect and its ability to induce DC function. This indicates that Rg3 may be an effective immunotherapeutic strategy.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.572-577
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• 2007

To enhance therapeutic potential of murine monoclonal antibody, humanization by CDR grafting is usually used to reduce immunogenic mouse residues. Most humanized antibodies still have mouse residues critical for antigen binding, but the mouse residues may evoke immune responses in humans. Previously, we constructed a new humanized version (AKA) of mouse CC49 antibody specific for tumor-associated glycoprotein, TAG-72. In this study, to select a completely human antibody light chain against TAG-72, guided selection strategy using phage display was used. The heavy chain variable region (VH) of AKA was used to guide the selection of a human TAG-72-specific light chain variable region (VL) from a human VL repertoire constructed from human PBL. Most of the selected VLs were identified to be originated from the members of the human germline VK1 family, whereas the VL of AKA is more homologous to the VK4 family. Competition binding assay of the selected Fabs with mouse CC49 suggested that the epitopes of the Fabs overlap with that of CC49. In addition, they showed better antigen-binding affinity compared to parental AKA. The selected human VLs may be used to guide the selection of human VHs to get completely human anti-TAG72 antibody.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

The emergence of mucosal healing as a treatment goal that could modify the natural course of Crohn's disease and the accumulating evidence showing that biologics are most effective in achieving mucosal healing, along with the success of early treatment regimens for rheumatoid arthritis, have led to the identification of early Crohn's disease and development of the concept of catching the therapeutic window during the early disease course. Thus, an increasing number of pediatric gastroenterologists are adopting an early biologic treatment strategy with or without an immunomodulator. Although early biologic treatment is effective, cost and overtreatment are issues that limit its early use. Currently, there are insufficient data on who will benefit most from early biologics, as well as on who will not need early or even any biologics. For now, top-down biologics should be considered for patients with currently known high-risk factors of poor outcomes. For other patients, close, objective monitoring and accelerating the step-up process by means of a treat-to-target approach seems the best way to catch the therapeutic window in early pediatric Crohn's disease. The individual benefits of immunomodulator addition during early biologic treatment should be weighed against its risks and decision on early combination treatment should be made after comprehensive discussion with each patient and guardian.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2015

Objective : This study aimed to analyze a comprehensive feature of experimental research on Insamyangyoungtang and develop a strategy that can be used for experimental studies on Insamyangyoung-tang in the future. Method : The journal search was performed using six databases : PubMed, Chinese database (China Network Knowledge Infrastructure, [CNKI]), Japan database (Japan Science and Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic, [J-STAGE]) and three Korean databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System [OASIS], Research Information Service System [RISS], and Korean Studies Information Service System [KISS]). We used limited keywords and analyzed studies by publication year, experimental models, and the subjects of biological activities. The mechanism of pharmacological activity in accordance with the therapeutic effects of Insamyangyoung-tang was noted. Results and Conclusion : A total of 43 studies (6 domestic studies and 37 foreign ones) were examined according to the inclusion criteria of the experimental study. Research on the pharmacological activities of Insamyangyoung-tang showed its therapeutic effects on the nervous and immune systems, as well as its anti-aging, anti-fatigue, and hematopoietic effects. Additional efficacy and safety assessments and experimental and clinical studies should be performed to evaluate the mechanism of Insamyangyoung-tang. The present review has provided preliminary information for further studies on Insamyangyoung-tang.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2017

Most of the cancers are still incurable human diseases. According to recent findings, especially targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the most promising therapeutic strategy. CSCs take charge of a cancer hierarchy, harboring stem cell-like properties involving self-renewal and aberrant differentiation potential. Most of all, the presence of CSCs is closely associated with tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. Despite the numerous efforts to target CSCs, current anti-cancer therapies are still impeded by CSC-derived cancer malignancies; increased metastases, tumor recurrence, and even acquired resistance against the anti-CSC therapies developed in experimental models. One of the most forceful underlying reasons is a "cancer heterogeneity" due to "CSC plasticity". A comprehensive understanding of CSC-derived heterogeneity will provide novel insights into the establishment of efficient targeting strategies to eliminate CSCs. Here, we introduce findings on mechanisms of CSC reprogramming and CSC plasticity, which give rise to phenotypically varied CSCs. Also, we suggest concepts to improve CSC-targeted therapy in order to overcome therapeutic resistance caused by CSC plasticity and heterogeneity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.333-337
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• 2010

Combining cell- and gene-based therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy in regenerative medicine. The aim of this study was to develop genetically modified mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) aggregates using a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel micro-well array technique. Stable PEG hydrogel micro-well arrays with diameters of 200 to $500\;{\mu}m$ were fabricated and used to generate genetically engineered MSC aggregates. Rat bone marrow-derived MSCs were transfected with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid as a reporter gene, and aggregated by culturing in the PEG hydrogel micro-well arrays. The resultant cell aggregates had a mean diameter of less than $200\;{\mu}m$, and maintained the mesenchymal phenotype even after genetic modification and cell aggregation. Transplantation of MSC aggregates that are genetically modified to express therapeutic or cell-survival genes may be a potential therapeutic approach for regenerative medicine.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1990

저자들은 두경부암의 포괄적인 치료의 일부로서 외부 방사선 조사와 고선량율 경관조사를 시행하여 12명중 9명에서 완전 관해를 얻었으며, 치료중이나 치료후 경관조사와 직접 관련된 급성 부작용이나 합병중의 발생이 없었다. 그러나 대상환자가 적고 추적기간이 짧은관계로 생존율의 향상은 추측하기 어려우나 완전 관해를 얻은 환자는 장기간 무병 상태로 추적되고 있어서 외부방사선 조사와 경관 조사는 두경부암 치료에 큰 역할을 하리라 기대된다.

• Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2018

The prevalence of chronic diseases including osteoporosis and sarcopenia increases as the population ages. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are commonly associated with genetics, mechanical factors, and hormonal factors and primarily associated with aging. Many older populations, particularly those with frailty, are likely to have concurrent osteoporosis and sarcopenia, further increasing their risk of disease-related complications. Because bones and muscles are closely interconnected by anatomy, metabolic profile, and chemical components, a diagnosis should be considered for both sarcopenia and osteoporosis, which may be treated with optimal therapeutic interventions eliciting pleiotropic effects on both bones and muscles. Exercise training has been recommended as a promising therapeutic strategy to encounter the loss of bone and muscle mass due to osteosarcopenia. To stimulate the osteogenic effects for bone mass accretion, bone tissues must be exposed to mechanical load exceeding those experienced during daily living activities. Of the several exercise training programs, resistance exercise (RE) is known to be highly beneficial for the preservation of bone and muscle mass. This review summarizes the mechanisms of RE for the preservation of bone and muscle mass and supports the clinical evidences for the use of RE as a therapeutic option in osteosarcopenia.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2022

Psychiatric nursing is a specialty where nursing students experience many difficulties in applying what they have learned in theory to clinical practice. Therefore, a situation-oriented case-based strategy is required to help them overcome the limitations of psychiatric nursing clinical practice and reduce their burden. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of a psychiatric nursing clinical practice program using situation-oriented case-based learning. Participants comprised 63 nursing students in psychiatric nursing classes. The students were asked to create a scenario of interaction between a nurse and patient based on a case study. Empathy, therapeutic communication ability, and attitudes toward mental illnesses were measured. We analyzed the effectiveness of the program by comparing changes in the nursing students' empathy, therapeutic communication ability, and attitude toward mental illness after the program. The participants showed significant increases in empathy and therapeutic communication abilities. However, there were no significant changes in attitudes toward mental illnesses. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that situation-based learning will be effective for students who have difficulties in certain aspects, such as COVID-19, or where there are limited clinical practice opportunities, such as psychiatric nursing.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2002

The Halliwick concept was developed by James McMillan over 50 years ago, and began as a method for teaching swimming to children with physical disables. After that the Halliwcik concept was developed as a specific strategy(called the Ten-Point Program) for teaching swimming to children with disabilities. Soon after the changes in the physical and emotional behavior were attributed to a unique teaching/learning philosophy and a psycho-sensory-motor learning program that is enhanced by hydrodynamics. Recognizing the therapeutic effects of the Ten-Pont Program adapted the program as a therapeutic intervention called Water Specific Therapy or the Logic Approach to Therapy in Water.