• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.7
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• pp.15-19
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• 1966

In order to investigate the stability of the major component of malathion E.C. product, dimethyl S-(1, 2-dicarboxyethoxyethyl) dithiophosphate, toward the quality of glasswares as container, the amount of extractable inorganic components, change of pH and decomposition of the major component of the product were examined during the storage in brown-colored bottles of 100 ml. volume from 3 different companies in comparison with that in a Pyrex flask. 1. Malathion E.C. product was put in three containers A,B and C, and any changes occurring in storage were analyzed at three intervals of 60, 120 and 240 days. 2. It was shown that the amounts of Si, Mg, K, Ca, and Na extracted during these periods of storage differed markedly depending on the qualify of container. Container A revealed ten times higher extraction of Na and Ca than container B and C in a 8-month period. 3. Three commercial containers revealed the shift of pH from 6.5 to alkaline reaction in the storage whereas the Pyrex flask did not show any detectable change. In particular, the pH in container A changed to 9.2 in 60 days and 9.9 in 240 days. 4. The decomposition of malathion was the greatest in container A which showed the decomposition of 7.37% in 240 days. On the other hand, 0.5% was decomposed in the Pyrex flask. 5. The decemposition of malathion had a high correlation with the change of pH of water· in the same container, $r^2$ being 0.899. From the above results, it is concluded that about 10% of malathion E.C. product is decomposed in a year due to the alkaline metallic salts extracted from the container when it is stored in glassware bottles of lower quality.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.226-235
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• 1996

This pot experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of leaching in percolated water of paddy soil in which rice was cultivated in conditions of 0%, 5%. 30% addition of bituminous and anthracite fly ash respectively in greenhouse. pH in percolated water was higher in non cultivated plot than in cultivated plot. pH of the fly ash treated plot was higher than that of the control plot. pH in the cultivated plot decreased gradually during the cultivation. The contents of $NH_4-N$, $NO_3-N$ and K in percolated water decreased rapidly after mid-July, and was very low in the cultivated plot. Over the cultivation time, P contents in percolated water was very low. $SiO_2$, contents in percolated water decreased rapidly after June. Na contents in percolated water was highest in mid-June and then decreased gradually. In the cultivated plot, Ca contents in percolated water was higher than that in the control plot. During the cultivation, Ca contents in percolated water decreased gradually. But, in later-term of cultivation. Ca contents in percolated water was relatively Mgh. Mg contents in percolated water decreased after mid-July, but decreased continuously till the later-term of cultivation. EC in the percolated water was highest in mid-June. and then decreased gradually. EC of fly ash treated plot was higher than that of the control plot. The soil pH was increased and phosphate content in the soil was accumulated very high by application of fly ashes in paddy field after rice cultivation. Fly ash treatment did not increase the contents of elements in percolated water compared with the control plot. The difference between anthracite and bituminous fly ash was not so clear. Fly ash treatment, inhibited early growth and tillering. But, in later-term of cultivation, the inhibition effects of nonproductive tillering was expected. Fly ash treatment will be good if it was applicated after last year's harvest because leaching would happen over fallowing time. Contents of inorganic elements in percolated water of fly ash treated plot was not so high compared with that in the control plot.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 1989

This study was conducted to investigate whether egg-shell may be used as a mineral sourceor leavening agent in breadmaking. In Korea the waste volume of egg shell has been estimated at about 28,694 tons per year. Carbon dioxide generation maxima were established for barking powder$(153{\pm}3ml/g)$, egg-shell(205in reaction with lactic acid) and yeast$(115{\pm}3ml/sugar\;g)$. Gas release time required for each substance to reach $CO_2$ maximum was, for baking powder 7 minutes, for egg-shell 45 mins and for yeast 240 mins. Particle size of egg-shell in breadmaking was suitable more than 20 mesh (-). When egg-shell only was added to the basic formular without including lactic acid, no leavening effect was observed. However, when lactic acid and egg-shell were used together, the leavening effect was more or less equivalent to that of yeast(control). Addition of egg-shell was found to increase calcium content of bread products without noticeable altering flavor, as compared with control. Joint use of egg-shell was organic acids in breadmaking was shown to have potential in time saving, volume increase and yeast saving.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.221-233
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• 2000

Evaluation method of soil fertility by application of geographic information system (GIS) which includes landscape characteristics and soil map data was investigated from productivities of red pepper and tobacco grown on the fields with no fertilization. Total 131 fields experiments, 64 fields of red pepper and 67 fields of tobacco were conducted from 22 and 23 fields for red pepper and tobacco, respectively, located at Cheangweon and Eumseong counties in 1996, from 20 and 25 fields at Boeun and Goesan counties in 1997, and 22 and 19 fields at Jincheon and Chungju counties in 1998. All the experimental sites were selected on the basis of wide range of distribution in landscape and soil attributes. Dry weights and nutrients (N, P and K) uptakes by red pepper plant and tobacco leaves were considered as basic fertility of the soil (BFS). The BFS was estimated by twenty-five independent variables including 13 chemical properties and 12 GIS data. Twenty-five independent variables were classified by two groups, 15 quantitative variables and 10 qualitative variables, and were analyzed by multiple linear regression (MLR) of REG and GLM models of SAS. Dry weight of red pepper (DWRP) and dry weight of tobacco leaves (DWTL) every year showed high variations by five times in difference plots with minimum yield and maximum yield indicating the diverse soil fertility among the experimental fields. Evaluation for the BFS by the MLR including independent variables was better than that by simple regression showing gradual improvement by adding chemical properties, quantitative variables, and qualitative variables of the GIS. However the evaluation for the BFS by the MLR showed the better result for tobacco than red pepper. For example the variability in the DWTL by MLR was explained 34.2% by only chemical properties, 35.0% by adding quantitative variables, and 72.5% by adding both the quantitative and qualitative variables of the GIS compared with 21.7% by simple regression with $NO_3-N$ content in soil. Consequently, it is assumed that this approach by the MLR including both the quantitative and qualitative variables was available as an evaluation model of soil fertility for upland field.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.396-400
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• 2005

A 13-year old, female Maltese dog was presented due to a five-month history of episodic syncope. A diagnosis of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) with mitral valve endocardiosis (MVE) was made based on history takings, physical and cardiac examination, complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry profiles, radiography, electrocardiography (ECG), atropine response test, hormonal assay, and echocardiography. In this case, SSS was definitely diagnosed by evaluation of ECG recording following atropine administration. Clinical signs were improved with medical management of theophylline (THEOLAN, KunWha Pharm, Seoul, Korea, 20 mg/kg, PO, BID). After 10 more month survival, the dog, died of respiratory distress and shock during the operation of abdominal mass removal in local animal hospital. Unfortunately, we were not able to perform necropsy after death due to owner's decline. This case demonstrates that theophylline can be used in management oF dog with SSS.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.237-241
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• 2003

A case of juvenile onset generalized demodicosis of one year old, intact female Japanese Chin dog weighing 3.1kg was presented to the Small Animal Clinic of the College of Veterinary Medicine of Kyungpook National University. The diagnosis was made based on the physical examination, deep skin scrapings, hematology, serum chemistry, endocrinologic evaluation and bacterial culture. Numerous D. canis mites of various stages were observed in multiple skin scraping samples. CBC, serum chemistry, $T_3$, $T_4$ and free $T_4$ values were within normal range and Staphylococcus intermedius was isolated in bacterial culture of pustules. The dog was healthy other than skin lesions at the presentation. The three different treatment protocols were tried for the case. No clinical improvement was observed during 13 weeks of orally given daily basis ivermectin therapy at 600ug/kg and 2 weeks of spot-on weekly basis selamectin therapy at 30 mg/kg with cephalexin given orally twice a day at 25 mg/kg. However, a remarkable remission was seen by 0.1% amitraz dip on weekly basis with 4% chlorhexidine bath given twice a week. The secondary staphylococcal infection and accompanied pruritus was almost disappeared in two weeks and she was recovered clinically normal in 9 weeks of therapy. The therapy was continued for 4 more weeks to prevent relapse. The dog is clinically normal and being monitored for development of any abnormal dermatological signs for the time being.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2024

This study analyzed the effect of warming on PM_2.5 aerosol production in mid-latitude East Asia during June 2020 using PM_2.5 aerosol anomalies, which were identified by incorporating meteorological and climate data into the Weather Research Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. The decadal temperature change trend over a 30-year period (1991-2020) in East Asia showed that recent warming has been greater in summer than in winter. Summer warming in East Asia generated low and high pressure in the lower and upper troposphere, respectively, over China. The boundary between the lower tropospheric low and upper tropospheric high pressure sloped along the terrain from the Tibetan Plateau to Korea. The eastern China, Yellow Sea, and Korean regions experienced a convergence of warm and humid southwesterly airflows originating from the East China Sea with the development of a northwesterly Pacific high pressure. In June 2020, the highest temperatures were observed since 1973 in Korea. Meanwhile, enhanced warming in East Asia increased the production of PM_2.5 aerosols that travelled long distances from eastern China to Korea. PM_2.5 anomalies, which were derived solely by inputting meteorological and climatic data (1991-2020) into the WRF-Chem model and excluding emission variations, showed a positive distribution extending from eastern China to South Korea across the Yellow Sea as well as over the Pacific Northwest. Thus, the contribution of warming to PM_2.5 aerosols in East Asia during June 2020 was more than 50%. In particular, PM_2.5 aerosols were transported from eastern China to Korea through the Yellow Sea, where the warm and humid southwesterly airflows implied wet scavenging of sulfate but promoted nitrate production.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Purpose: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common congenital endocrine disorder. The purpose of the present study was to determine the incidence of CH in South Korea during the period from January 1991 to March 2004. Methods: Central data from each city branch of SCL (Seoul Clinical Reference Laboratories) in Yongin, South Korea, was gathered and collectively analyzed. Newborn screening (NBS) for CH was based on measuring the levels of neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 (a cut-off of 20 mIU/L and less than 0.8 ng/dL, respectively). Results: During the study period, 671,805 live births were screened for CH based on TSH and free T4 ELISA assays. A total of 159 newborns were deemed positive for CH out of 671,805, with a corresponding incidence of 1 in 4,225. When a cut-off of 20 mIU/L was used in TSH assays, the associated sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (PPV) were 100.0%, 99.7%, and 10.8%, respectively. When a cut-off of 0.8 ng/dL in free T4 assays was used, the associated sensitivity, specificity, and PPV were 100.0%, 98.5%, and 3.9%, respectively. Conclusion: CH incidence in South Korea as evidenced by the results of NBS was compared with its incidence and comparable to the other countries prior to 2004.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.17-23
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• 1984

For nearly a century it has been known that chemical activity accompanies mental activity, but only recently has it been possible to begin to examine its exact nature. Positron-emitting radioactive tracers have made it possible to study the chemistry of the human mind in health and disease, using chiefly cyclotron-produced radionuclides, carbon-11, fluorine-18 and oxygen-15. It is now well established that measurable increases in regional cerebral blood flow, glucose and oxygen metabolism accompany the mental functions of perception, cognition, emotion and motion. On May 25, 1983 the first imaging of a neuroreceptor in the human brain was accomplished with carbon-11 methyl spiperone, a ligand that binds preferentially to dopamine-2 receptors, 80% of which are located in the caudate nucleus and putamen. Quantitative imaging of serotonin-2, opiate, benzodiazapine and muscarinic cholinergic receptors has subsequently been accomplished. In studies of normal men and women, it has been found that dopamine and serotonin receptor activity decreases dramatically with age, such a decrease being more pronounced in men than in women and greater in the case of dopamine receptors than serotonin-2 receptors. Preliminary studies in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders suggests that dopamine-2 receptor activity is diminished in the caudate nucleus of patients with Huntington's disease. Positron tomography permits quantitative assay of picomolar quantities of neuro-receptors within the living human brain. Studies of patients with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, acute and chronic pain states and drug addiction are now in progress. The growth of any scientific field is based on a paradigm or set of ideas that the community of scientists accepts. The unifying principle of nuclear medicine is the tracer principle applied to the study of human disease. Nineteen hundred and sixty-three was a landmark year in which technetium-99m and the Anger camera combined to move the field from its latent stage into a second stage characterized by exponential growth within the framework of the paradigm. The third stage, characterized by gradually declining growth, began in 1973. Faced with competing advances, such as computed tomography and ultrasonography, proponents and participants in the field of nuclear medicine began to search for greener pastures or to pursue narrow sub-specialties. Research became characterized by refinements of existing techniques. In 1983 nuclear medicine experienced what could be a profound change. A new paradigm was born when it was demonstrated that, despite their extremely low chemical concentrations, in the picomolar range, it was possible to image and quantify the distribution of receptors in the human body. Thus, nuclear medicine was able to move beyond physiology into biochemistry and pharmacology. Fundamental to the science of pharmacology is the concept that many drugs and endogenous substances, such as neurotransmitters, react with specific macromolecules that mediate their pharmacologic actions. Such receptors are usually identified in the study of excised tissues, cells or cell membranes, or in autoradiographic studies in animals. The first imaging and quantification of a neuroreceptor in a living human being was performed on May 25, 1983 and reported in the September 23, 1983 issue of SCIENCE. The study involved the development and use of carbon-11 N-methyl spiperone (NMSP), a drug with a high affinity for dopamine receptors. Since then, studies of dopamine and serotonin receptors have been carried out in over 100 normal persons or patients with various neuropsychiatric disorders. Exactly one year later, the first imaging of opitate receptors in a living human being was performed [1].

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2014

To identify distribution of epilithic diatom assemblages and the relationship between diatoms and water chemistry, samples were collected twice a year from 2008 to 2012, from at 6 streams in Jeju Island, South Korea. A total of 171 diatom taxa were identified, and Achnanthes lanceolata, Gomphonema pumilum, Melosira varians, Navicula minima and Nitzschia palea were dominantly observed. BOD ranged 0.0~1.6 mg $L^{-1}$, TN 0.230~13.240 mg $L^{-1}$ (average 4.432 mg $L^{-1}$), TP 0.020~0.316 mg $L^{-1}$ (average 0.092 mg $L^{-1}$), and N/P rate ranged 2.5~178.5. Average of epilithic algal chlorophyll-a and AFDM were 1.1 ${\mu}gcm^{-2}$ and 0.6 mg $cm^{-2}$, respectively. According to BOD standard, the water qualities of study area sites were at 'Good' level. However, the healthiness levels assessed from DAIpo and TDI were 'Fair' to 'Poor'.