• 농업과학연구
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2006

본 실험은 강제환우가 난질 및 계란의 저장기간에 따른 계란품질의 변화를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 실험에 공시된 계란은 환우하지 않은 60주령된 ISA Brown 노계의 계란을 대조구 (Control), 55주령에 환우를 실시한 처리구1 (T1), 70주령에 환우를 실시한 처리구2 (T2)를 각각 240수씩 총 720수를 공시하였다. 사료는 시중에서 유통되고 있는 산란사료를 사용하였다. 산란율이 50%에 도달하였을 때 정상란을 채집하여 난각 및 내 외부 난질을 저장 1일, 3일, 6일, 9일, 12, 15일에 조사하였다. 난각강도는 강제환우를 시키지 않은 60주령의 일반란과 70주령에 환우를 실시한 처리구보다 55주령에 강제환우를 실시한 처리구에서 난각강도가 유의하게 (p<0.05) 높게 나타났다. 난각두께는 각 처리구간 혹은 저장기간별로 일정한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 난각색과 난중은 대조구인 60주령과 환우처리를 실시한 두 처리구간 및 저장 기간에 따른 일정한 경향이 이를 나타나지 않았다. 난백고는 환우를 수행하지 않은 대조구가 환우를 실시한 두 처리구보다 더 높았으며 강제환우를 실시한 두 처리구간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 저장기간이 길어질수록 환우처리에 관계없이 난백고가 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. Haugh unit는 강제환우 처리를 한 두 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의하게 낮았다 (p<0.05). 또한 저장기간이 길수록 세 처리구 공히 Haugh unit가 현저하게 감소하여서, 난백고와 비슷한 경 향을 보였다. 난황색은 환우처리별, 혹은 저장기간 별로 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 산란계에 대한 강제환우는 난각강도를 개선하는 효과가 있었으나, 난백의 높이 및 Haugh unit는 오히려 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.441-444
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• 2004

본 연구는 피브린의 무게를 측정하는 방법에 의하여 간단하고 단순하게 트롬빈활성을 측정하는 방법을 확립하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이 새로운 트롬빈측정 법은 트롬빈이 기질인 피브리노겐과 반응 후 생성된 피브린의 무게를 측정한다. 피브린의 생성은 사용한 트롬빈의 효소활성, 반응온도, 반응시간 및 원심분리의 시간에 의존하였다. 피브린의 생성은 37$^{\circ}C$에서 트롬빈활성이 1.0 unit/ml 이내, 4.0mg/ml의 피브리노겐 농도 및 반응시간이 5분 이내에는 직선적으로 증가하였다. 그리고 생성된 피브린은 3,000$\times$g에서 5분간 원심분리의 경우에 안정하였다. 이 새로운 피브린 측정 법은 트롬빈을 저해하는 천연물질을 탐색하는데 유행하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1345-1351
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• 2013

Leaf characteristics of two representative deciduous-tree species in Korean peninsula were compared to assess directional ridge effect on leaf traits of both species. Leaf mass per unit area (LMA) of Rhododendron schilippenbachii in south-facing ridge slope was significantly higher than that in north-facing ridge slope, while Quercus mongolica did not change LMA. Leaf mass of Q. mongolica was increased depending on leaf size irrespective of slope. However, leaf mass of R. schilippenbachii changed differently in responding to expansion of leaf area between both slopes resulting from retardation of leaf expansion in south-facing slope. R. schilippenbachii showed higher leaf nitrogen concentration per unit area (LNCA) in south-facing slope than that in north-facing slope, while Q. mongolica indicated no difference in LNCA between southand north-facing slopes. However, both species revealed no significant difference in leaf nitrogen concentration per unit mass (LNCM) between south- and north-facing slopes. LNCA of Q. mongolica was about two times higher than that of R. schilippenbachii. These results indicate that there is a difference in leaf characteristics including leaf thickness and nitrogen allocation between Q. mongolica and R. schilippenbachii, suggesting the difference of plasticity.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2016

In this study, doenjang samples were prepared with different types of salts (12%, w/w): purified salt (PS), 3-year aged solar salt (SS3), 1-year aged solar salt (SS1), and bamboo salt melted 3 times (BS). Whole-soybean mejus were fermented with starters consisting of 2 Bacillus strains, a yeast, and a fungus (starter doenjang), and control mejus were fermented with organisms present naturally in rice straw (non-starter doenjang). The whole-soybean mejus were dried, and then mixed with cooked soybeans and the respective salts. The doenjang samples were fermented for 13 weeks at 25℃. The protease (acid, neutral, and alkaline) activities, fibrinolytic activities, and antioxidant capacities of the samples were examined every week. BS doenjang showed the highest acid protease (6.46 ± 0.20 unit/g) and fibrinolytic activities (0.61 unit/ml). Among the starter doenjang samples, those made with SS and BS showed the highest total phenolic contents after 91 days of fermentation. For antioxidant activities, SS3 doenjang showed higher activities than the other doenjang samples, as evaluated by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. These results suggest that solar salt, especially aged for 3 years, is better than purified salt in terms of producing better functionalities of doenjang.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.766-768
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• 2004

Rubbed films of a series of poly(p-phenylene 3,6-bis(4-(n-alkyloxy)phenyloxy)pyromellitimide)s (Cn-PMDA-PDA PIs), which are well-defined brush PIs composed of two aromatic-aliphatic bristles per repeat unit of a fully rodlike backbone, were investigated in detail using atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical retardation analysis and linearly polarized infrared (IR) spectroscopy in order to elucidate their surface morphology and molecular orientation. The liquid crystal (LC) alignment behavior and the anchoring energy of LC molecules on the rubbed films were also determined.

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2021

Plants pollination are conducted through various pollinators such as wind, animals, and insects. Recently, the necessity for artificial pollination is drawing attention as the proportion of natural pollinators involved is decreasing over the years. Likewise, the trade in pollen for artificial pollination is also increasing worldwide. Through these imported pollens, many unknown microorganisms can flow from foreign countries. Among them, spores of various fungi present in the particles of pollen can be dispersed throughout the orchard. Therefore, in this study, the composition of fungal communities in imported pollen was revealed, and potential ecological characteristics of the fungi were investigated in four types of imported pollen. Top 10 operational taxonomic unit (OTU) of fungi were ranked among the following groups: Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., and Didymella glomerata which belong to many pathogenic species. Through FUNGuild analysis, the proportion of OTUs, which is assumed to be potentially plant pathogens, was higher than 50%, except for apple pollen in 2018. Based on this study of fungal structure, this information can suggest the direction of the pollen quarantine process and contribute to fungal biology in pollen

• Biodesign
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.122-125
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• 2017

Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is one of the single transmembrane domain containing receptors and causes various inflammatory diseases including diabetes and atherosclerosis. RAGE extracellular domain has three consecutive IgG-like domains (V-C₁-C₂ domain) which interact with various soluble ligands including heparan sulfate or HMGB1. Studies have shown that each ligand induces different oligomeric forms of RAGE which results in a ligand-specific signal transduction. The structure of mouse RAGE bound to heparan sulfate has been previously determined but the electron density map of heparan sulfate was too ambiguous that the exact position of heparin sulfate could not be defined. Furthermore, the complex structure of human RAGE and heparin sulfate still remains elusive. Therefore, to determine the structure, human RAGE was overexpressed using bacterial expression system and crystallized using the sitting drop method in the condition of 0.1 M sodium acetate trihydrate pH 4.6, 8 % (w/v) polyethylene glycol 4,000 at 290 K. The crystal diffracted to 3.6 Å resolution and the space group is C121 with unit cell parameters a= 206.04 Å, b= 68.64 Å, c= 98.73 Å, α= 90.00°, β= 90.62°, γ= 90.00°.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.34-46
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• 1993

The international environmental activity and environmental education began in 1970's. Environmental education in Korea was emphasized since the Forth National Curriculum. The Environmental Curriculum was regarded as one of the most important part in the Sixth National Curriculum in Korea. Environment-related reference texts of Elementary school were already developed. Soon, 'Environment' of middle school and 'Environmental Science' of high school will be developed. The purpose of this study were to analyse environment-related texts in the Fifth National Curriculum and to measure how much environmental education has achieved. As a environmental text for regular class, selected the environmental part in 'Science Part 1' and as environment-related reference text, 'Survival and Environment'. The environmental part of 'Science Part 1' was unit [Life and Environment]. According to the analysis of objectives, most of unit objectives were not stated in a detailed and precise manner. When the goals of environmental education were divided into four fields as follows, knowledge and information, skill, thinking and attitude, behavior and participation, unit objectives were mostly emphasized on knowledge and information of environment, exactly 44.5% of unit objectives and 89.6% of subunit objectives. The degree of relationship between unit objectives and contents was low. All the Check up-problems were about knowledge and information of environment. Environment-related reference text, 'Survival and Environment' was the only reference text for high school students in Korea and was organized in the form of the regular curriculum text. It was developed in Korean Education Development, Center with support of Korean Environmental Ministry in 1990. According to the analysis of 'Survival and Environment', the objectives of units and subunits were less stressed on knowledge and information than those of unit [Life and Environment] in the environmental part of 'Science Part 1' On the other hand, they were a little more stressed on skill, thinking and attitude, behavior and participation. And fifteen of all the seventy subunit objectives were not related with contents. In organization, this text included Thinking problems, Experiments and Inquiries, Reading, Developed studies and Check up-problem etc. It was remarkable that Inquiries leaded to individual activities and Developed studies to group discussions or individual inquiries. And as Check-up problems were presented as a form of activities, students could achieve many various objectives at the same time by solving one problem. To measure the achievement of environmental education by questionnaire, 497 high school students in total were selected from five different schools. Scores in subtest 'behavior and participation' and subtest 'thinking and attitudes' were 13.19 and 18.18, respectively. Actually, most students had a positive thinkings and attitudes in their hearts about environmental problems, but many of them actually did not take actions to solve environmental problems and to protect environment. Scores in subtest 'knowledge and information' and subtest 'skill' were 10.76 and 10.81, respectively. The higher the score students got in 'knowledge and information', the higher the score in 'skill'. It implies that learning of skills is based on learning of knowledges and informations about environment has not always ensured positive thinkings and attitudes or active behaviors and participations to solve environmental problem.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.391-395
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• 2004

B. stearothermophilus NO2의 CGTase 유전자 (cgtS)를 구성적 $P_{JH}$ promoter 하류에 subcloning 하여 재조합 plasmid pIH-CGT1 (8.14 kb)을 구축하고 B. subtilis DB431에 형질 전환하였다. B. subtilis DB431/pJH-CGT1를 5가지 배지(LB, 2${\times}$LB, 5% molasses+2% CSL, CS, LBG)로 flask 배양하여 균체증식과 CGTase발현량 및 분비국재성을 조사하여 최적 배지를 결정하였다. 그 중 〔5% molasses+2% CSL〕 배지에서 9시간에 1.8 unit/$m\ell$의 CGTase가 발현$.$생산되었다. 이 결과를 토대로 3. subtilis DB431/pJH-CGT1를 〔10% molasses + 5% corn steep liquor〕 배지에서 발효조 회분 배양한 결과, 30시간 배양시 CGTase의 최대 발현량은 4.2 unit/$m\ell$, 90%의 분비 효율, 90% 이상의 plasmid 안정성을 나타내었다. 저렴한 산업용 molasses 배지로 발효조 회분배양시 플라스크 배양보다 균체증식과 CGTase 발현량이 2배 이상의 증가된 값을 얻었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.312-317
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• 2005

A flow injection type biosensor was tested to confirm the performance of a batch and a continuous type flow injection unit. Reproducibility and consistence of the biosensor were investigated to determine the effect of pulsations and air bubbles, and the applicability of on-line monitoring. The air bubbles affected the performance of the sensor irrespective of the location, and also the pulsations of the pump influenced the performance of the sensor. The applicability of on-line motoring was accepted as the result of the repeated and long-term measurements.