• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.285-299
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This systematic review aims to identify factors associated with risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO), including the uptake rate and decision timing, among women at high risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). Methods: We found 4,935 relevant studies using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO on July 6, 2020. Two authors screened the articles and extracted data. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment of articles was conducted using the Risk of Bias for Nonrandomized Studies tool. Results: Five types of factors were identified (demographic factors, clinical factors, family history of cancer, psychological factors, and objective cancer risk). The specific significant factors were older age, having child(ren), being a BRCA1/2 carrier, mastectomy history, perceived risk for ovarian cancer, and perceived advantages of RRSO, whereas objective cancer risk was not significant. The uptake rate of RRSO was 23.4% to 87.2% (mean, 45.2%) among high-risk women for HBOC. The mean time to decide whether to undergo RRSO after BRCA testing was 4 to 34 months. Conclusion: RRSO decisions are affected by demographic, clinical, and psychological factors, rather than objective cancer risk. Nonetheless, women seeking RRSO should be offered information about objective cancer risk. Even though decision-making for RRSO is a complex and multifaceted process, the psychosocial factors that may influence decisions have not been comprehensively examined, including family attitudes toward RRSO, cultural norms, social values, and health care providers' attitudes.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2016

We conducted a multi-stage optimization to secure the desired performance of a centrifugal fan for home appliance in an early stage of product development. In optimization, the static pressure at the outlet of the fan is chosen as an objective function that is to be maximized, providing the required flow rate at the operating point of the fan. The optimization procedure begins with parameters for an initial baseline fan design. The baseline design is optimized by using a commercial optimization package. Accordingly, the corresponding blade models with a set of geometrical parameters are generated. Flow through a fan is simulated by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. A multi-stage optimization scheme is employed to determine the family of optimum values for the parameters, leading to the pressure increase at the outlet of the fan. To validate the numerically obtained optimal design parameters, we fabricated the three types of fans using rapid prototyping and assessed the performance using a fan tester. Experimental results show that the design parameters at each stage satisfy the goal of optimization. The multi-stage optimization process turned out to be a useful tool in the development of a centrifugal fan.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 2부
• /
• pp.227-232
• /
• 2008

Since 2000, there have been many changes in the residential types, such as an intelligent apartment which integrates both resting space and production space with comfort able, pleasant and safe environments based on internet systems. As the result of the rapid decrease in the birth rate and the prolonged lifespan around the world, it is expected that we will enter into an aging society by 2026. With such the expected change in the living patterns, many issues concerning the increased number of the elderly people have emerged as major social problems such as changes of family formation, its function and values, responsibility of caring for the aged, health and medical care, habitation policies and so on, and it is required to reconsider the social awareness on the living qualities of each old person. However, we have not yet satisfied such requirements with appropriate policies for the improvement of the living environment for them. It is considered, therefore, that we need to develop a new tool that, according to our goals, can give us a broad understanding on several considerations in designing the future homes for the elder people, making it possible to check the process changed by residents' needs in real time and apply it immediately to the space. As we have seen, it is required that spatial design process and design methodology should be considered in designing the homes for the aged for the pre-occupancy design evaluation.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.260-265
• /
• 2008

Annona reticulata belonging to the family Annonaceae is traditionally used as anthelmintic and it is reported to have anticancer activity. Free radicals are known to be involved in various types of diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders etc. The present study was aimed to evaluate free radical scavenging property of methanol extract of the leaves of Annona reticulata in some in vitro models e.g. DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide and lipid peroxide radical model. The extract showed good dose-dependent free radical scavenging property in all the models. $IC_{50}$ values were found to be 3.22, 170.01, 25.12 and $140.12\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively in DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Reductive ability of the extract was also tested based on potassium ferricyanide reduction where dose dependant reducing capability was observed. Measurement of total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent indicated that 1mg of the extract contained $146.20\;{\mu}g$ equivalent of pyrocatechol. The findings ascertain promising free radical scavenging property of the extract and the antioxidant property of the extract may be due to the high content of phenolic compounds.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.329-343
• /
• 2016

The present study was conducted on ridge tops of moist temperate Oak forests in Garhwal Himalaya to assess the plant diversity, regeneration, biomass production and carbon assimilation in different Oak forests. For this purpose, three Oak forest types viz., (a) Quercus leucotrichophora or Banj Oak (FT1; between 1,428-2,578 m asl), (b) Quercus floribunda or Moru Oak (FT2; between 2,430-2,697 m asl) and (c) Quercus semecarpifolia or Kharsu Oak (FT3; between 2,418-3,540 m asl) were selected on different ridge tops in Bhagirathi catchment area of Garhwal Himalaya. A total of 91 plant species including 23 trees (8 gymnosperms and 15 angiosperms), 21 shrubs and 47 herbs species belonging to 46 families were recorded from all the ridge top Oak forests. The highest mean tree density ($607{\pm}33.60trees\;ha^{-1}$) was observed in Q. floribunda forest with lower mean total basal cover (TBC) value ($48.02{\pm}3.67m^2ha^{-1}$), whereas highest TBC value ($80.16{\pm}3.30m^2ha^{-1}$) was recorded for Q. semecarpifolia forest, with lowest mean stem density ($594{\pm}23.43stems\;ha^{-1}$). The total biomass density (TBD) across three Oak forests ranged between $497.32{\pm}83.70$ (FT1) and $663.16{\pm}93.85t\;ha^{-1}$ (FT3), while the total carbon density (TCD) values ranged between $228.75{\pm}22.27$ (FT1) and $304.31{\pm}18.12t\;ha^{-1}$ (FT3). Most of the tree species were found with good regeneration (GR) status (average 45%) in all the forest types whereas, few species were found not regenerating (NR) (average 17%) however, few new recruitments were also recorded. ANOVA (Post-Hoc Tukey's test at 5% significance level) indicated significant forest-wise differences in TBC, TBD and TCD (in tree layer); family and evenness (in shrub layer only) values, while insignificant differences were noticed in density values of tree, seedling and herb layer.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate features pertaining to spiral thickenings, which was considered one of the most important diagnostic values, for wood identification. Species, kind of cells with spiral thickening, and ridge numbers of spiral thickening per axial mm were recorded in 71 families, 144 genera, 316 species of Korean hardwoods. Spiral thickening was observed in 128 of 316 species, about 40.5 % of all the investigated, and classified into 6 types on the basis of distributional patterns and morphological features as follows: 1. Type 1, present throughout all vessel element, which was found in 14 families, 19 genera, 43 species. 2. Type 2, present only in small vessel element, which was found in 18 families, 29 genera, 41 species. 3. Type 3, present both in small vessel element and wood fibers, which was found in 8 families, 17 genera, 29 species. 4. Type 4, present in wood fibers, which was found in 1 family, 1 genus, 1 species. 5. Type 5, present only in tail of vessel element, which was found in 4 families, 5 genera, 9 species. 6. Type 6, being present in vessel element faintly or partially, which was found in 2 families, 3 genera, 5 species.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.207-225
• /
• 2016

This study investigated a conceptual framework of fashion consumers' purchase decision-making styles related to behavioral typology of personality. In response to critiques on fragmented and varied use of personality measurements, this study selectively tested and verified an alternative typological model of Enneagram value systems and self-construal levels that could explain the fashion consumers' typological propensities in purchase decision-making. One hundred-item measurement scale for the fashion consumers' purchase decision-making styles was developed based on the extensive literature. Three groups of fashion major students, a total of 107 participants, who respectively participated in 2-hour-long Enneagrams seminars from spring 2013 to fall 2014, were asked to re-sentence the question items to clearly reflect their Enneagram personality to make purchase decisions. Participants described their propensities in their own words about the most comfortable state during the 5-step processes of the purchase decision making process. The revised scale was distributed to 423 participants in January 2016, and the results verified the group differences in various styles in the process of purchase decision-making corresponding to the typological variables discussed in Enneagram. The correlation between Enneagram core values embodied by fashion consumers during the stages of purchase decision-making in extensive levels of self-construal were verified in the context of their fashion decision making. This study found the possibility of the typological approach toward Enneagram types of personality to be applicable to explain and predict peculiar facets of fashion consumers' purchase decision-making styles.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.292-304
• /
• 1999

The lengthened average span of human life by virtue of recent developments in medicine has caused the Population of elders to increase. The development of modern industrial society has transformed family structure from the large family system to that of a nuclear family. Due to the shift in family structure, the problem of support for the aged has surfaced as a nursing problem as well as a social problem. With regard to this problem, this study aims to investigate the adolescent's understanding of elders and aging. By identifying their understanding and classifying their attitude patterns, this study will help the nursing assessment of the support of elders in the family. This study employed Q-methodology and the research was conducted from December 1998 to May 1999. One method of the research included deep interviews with elders, those who are in their 50's. 40's or 30's. and the adolescent. 183 Q-Populations taken from literary works such as poems or novels were also formed as another method. Finally. 36 Q-cards were made after consultation with Professors of the nursing department. The subjects of the P- sample were 30 high sohoolboys/girls - who were in first, second, and third years. The result showed that 3 factors provided an explanation for 59.14% of the whole variables: the first factor, 41.37%; the second factor. 11.49%, and the third factor. 6.28%. These three factors were analyzed and categorized as three types. Twenty subjects out of the 30 were included in Type 1: Respecting Elders. The statements which showed the most positive consent were as follows: 'The declining age is a perfect time to prosper completing a worthy life' ; 'Getting old. one needs financial stability' and 'Elders wish the best for their children' The statements showing the most negative response were as follows: 'It is better to die than to live as an older person' ; 'Elders are insignificant' ; and 'Getting old is the worst unhappiness that tortures human.' Four subjects were included in Type 2. Resenting Elders. The statements which showed the most positive consent were as follows: 'Aging is a process of dying that nobody can escape from'. 'Elders should be concerned about his health and try to maintain their health' ; and 'When you set older. you regret about the life in the Past.' The statements showing the most negative response were as follows: 'When You get older. You should stand aloof greed and worldly things' 'When You got older, You become generous and gentle' ; and 'When You set he gets old. You change to become a comfortable and warm person.' Six out of 30 subject were included in Type 3 Caring Elders. The statements which showed the most positive consent were as follows: 'Elders should be concerned about his health and try to maintain their health' ; 'Elders wish the best for their children' ; and 'Elders deserve to be treated with filial respects.' The statements showing the most negative response were as follows 'Elders are insignificant' ; 'Elders have freedom and plenty of free time.' and 'Elders are alienated form and drove out of the society.' The above-mentioned results show that most adolescents in Korea recognize aging as the time of fruition and development: it is a time of benefiting and giving back to society. Aging can also be seen as a time of generosity and magnanimity and the time of respect and favorable treatment from society. despite the change of modern society and the ostensible transformation of a family system. Their recognition seems deeply rooted in the traditional confucian values and the dual family system which is Peculiar especially to the Korea - one which maintains both the superficial form of nuclear family and the substantial mode of the enlarged family system. In sum, many Korean adolescents attribute the meaning of the elderly and aging to the type of the respect with the elderly and the type of the elderly's caretaking.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.633-644
• /
• 2007

The study results regarding the ingredient differences, sensory characteristics, purchasing type, usage and improvement direction for home-made traditional doenjang and factory produced commercial doenjang are as follows. The L-value indicates that home-made traditional doenjang has a higher value in average than the factory produce done, and the a-value indicates the opposite. Home-made traditional doenjang had higher water content than commercial doenjang ; however the pH values of commercial doenjang and home-made were 5.34 and 5.32 respectively, which was very similar. Factory produced commercial doenjang showed higher protein content than the home-made traditional doenjang. Regarding the correlation between ingredients, there was a significantly negative relationship between the L-value and a-value but a significantly positive relationship between the L-value and b-value. There were no significant relationship with water content, pH and protein content. For the color and taste, which are the sensory characteristics, commercial doenjang showed higher value than the traditional doenjang, but for smell, the values were similar. Regarding grittiness, the factory produced commercial doenjang had bigger particles than the traditional doenjang. Preference was a bit higher in the traditional doenjang. Of the 380 study subjects, most were from 40 to 49 years old (65.5%), and the most family type were nuclear families which was a total of 400 people (69%). Moreover, the most residential type was apartment which was 355people (61.2%), and for the monthly income, more than 2,510,000won was 48.3%. For the educational background, college education was 304 people (52.4%), and high school education was 199 people, 34.3%. In the usage, most of the people eat doenjang more than once a week, and usually their parents make the doenjang. People used both commercial doenjang and home-made traditional doenjang >home-made only >factory produced commercial doenjang only in that order. The reasons for using the home-made traditional doenjang aredelicate taste and flavor>more nutritious> anti-cancer ingredients in that order. The reason they use the factory produced commercial doenjang is because they don't know how to make it at home. The things that needed to be improved in the home-made traditional doenjang are bad smell> entire quality> flavor> color in order, indicating that studies for reducing bad smell are required. The things that needed to be improved in the factory produced commercial doenjang are taste & flavor> entire quality>bad smell> color in that order, indicating that people are more concern about it tasting like home-made than the smell. From the above results, we can see that better functional doenjang should be developed for family health and to increase the consumption of the doenjang, which has good functional psychological activities, also more various types of foods that use doenjang and scientific studies to reduce the home-made doenjang smell should be continuously studied. Moreover, studies on how to make the factory produced commercial doenjang taste more like traditional doenjang should be performed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.302-308
• /
• 2013

The emerging role of endothelial inflammation in diabetes has stimulated research interest in the effects of nutrition on related indices. In the current study we investigated whether the nutrient composition of dietary formula as reflected in glycemic index (GI) may be predictive of postprandial endothelial inflammation in non-diabetic subjects. A double-blinded, randomized, crossover study was conducted in non-diabetic subjects (n = 8/group). Each subject consumed three types of diabetes-specific dietary formulas (high-fiber formula [FF], high-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) formula [MF] and control formula [CF]) standardized to 50 g of available carbohydrates with a 1-week interval between each. The mean glycemic index (GI) was calculated and 3-hour postprandial responses of insulin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), nitrotyrosine (NT) and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. The MF showed the lowest mean GI and significantly low area under the curve (AUC) for insulin (P = 0.038), but significantly high AUCs for sICAM-1 (P<0.001) and FFA (P < 0.001) as compared to the CF and FF. The FF showed intermediate mean GI, but significantly low AUC for NT (P<0.001) as compared to the CF and MF. The mean GI was not positively correlated to any of the inflammatory markers evaluated, and in fact negatively correlated to changes in FFA (r = -0.473, P = 0.006). While the MF with the lowest GI showed the highest values in most of the inflammatory markers measured, the FF with intermediate GI had a modest beneficial effect on endothelial inflammation. These results suggest that nutrient composition of dietary formula as reflected in the GI may differently influence acute postprandial inflammation in non-diabetic subjects.