• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.798-800
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• 2003

The time shift processing of ground measured surface temperature with the meteorological variables has no evaluated function. We introduce new evaluating function. To use this evaluating function, the algorithm of time-shift processing will be able to be reliable and get error-bar for all moving measured point's data. We will finally obtain the area averaged surface temperature by land observation.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2020

Threshold voltage shift occurring during operation is implemented in a SPICE simulation tool. Among the shift models the stretched-exponential function model, which is frequently observed from both single-crystal silicon and thin-film transistors regardless of the nature of causes, is selected, adapted to transient simulation, and added to BSIM4 developed by BSIM Research Group at the University of California, Berkeley. The adaptation method used in this research is to select degradation and recovery models based on the comparison between the gate and threshold voltages. The threshold voltage shift is extracted from SPICE transient simulation and shows the stretched-exponential time dependence for both degradation and recovery situations. The implementation method developed in this research is not limited to the stretched-exponential function model and BSIM model. The proposed method enables to perform transient simulation with threshold voltage shift in situ and will help to verify the reliability of a circuit.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 2023

This study investigates the effect of working hours on the dietary behaviors and dietary quality of male industrial workers employed in rotating shifts. The survey was conducted from February to March 2022, enrolling 209 male workers operating in rotational shifts at industries in the Chungcheongnam-do region. Eating behavior and health awareness were investigated during the morning shift, afternoon shift, and night shift for the same subjects. The shift timings were found to be associated with dietary behavior, which had an impact on the dietary quality of workers. Negative effects of shift timings on diet and health were also perceived by the shift workers. The frequency of alcohol consumption was high during the morning shift, and the frequency of night time snack intake was high during the afternoon shift. During the night shift, there was decreased vegetable intake and increased ramyeon intake. Compared to the morning shift, a significant decrease in dietary quality scores was found during the night shift. The workers recognized that rotating shift work negatively affected health, eating habits and sleep. There was a high demand for providing a variety of menus and healthy night snacks in the company cafeteria. When nutritional counseling and educational health services were provided, the willingness to participate was high. Therefore, to improve the health and dietary quality of shift workers, there is a need to provide diets suitable for the working environment and the characteristics, and to provide nutrition management services.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2067-2078
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• 2017

In this paper, a new face tracking algorithm is proposed. The CamShift (Continuously adaptive mean SHIFT) algorithm shows unstable tracking when there exist objects with similar color to that of face in the background. This drawback of the CamShift is resolved by the proposed algorithm using Kinect's pixel-by-pixel depth information and the skin detection method to extract candidate skin regions in HSV color space. Additionally, even when the target face is disappeared, or occluded, the proposed algorithm makes it robust to this occlusion by the feature point matching. Through experimental results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm is superior in tracking performance to that of existing TLD (Tracking-Learning-Detection) algorithm, and offers faster processing speed. Also, it overcomes all the existing shortfalls of CamShift with almost comparable processing time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.331-345
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• 2018

Objective: Shift work including night work is known to be harmful to the health of nurses. This study was conducted in order to systematically review the academic literature on the health effects of working time patterns, including shift work or night work, among Korean nurses and propose a research direction for the future. Methods: We searched online academic databases to find relevant papers in domestic and international journals using the keyword terms 'shift work', 'night work', 'night shift', 'work shift', 'nurse', and 'Korea', and reviewed a total of 36 articles. Results: As a result of this literature review, more than half of the articles were found to investigate the health effects between shiftwork and non-shiftwork nurses. A few studies considered the shift type(n=6), frequency of night shift(n=4), and shiftwork duration(n=3) as working time patterns. These studies focused mainly on mental health(n=18) or sleep(n=15). Conclusions: Based on the review results obtained from this study, it is necessary to assess working time patterns of Korean nurses using a variety of variables including night-work-related factors, and various health outcomes should be examined considering the confounder.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.199-202
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• 2009

Scan design is currently the most widely used structured Design For Testability approach. In scan design, all storage elements are replaced with scan cells, which are then configured as one or more shift registers(also called scan chains) during the shift operation. As a result, all inputs to the combinational logic, including those driven by scan cells, can be controlled and all outputs from the combinational logic, including those driving scan cells, can be observed. The scan inserted design, called scan design, is operated in three modes: normal mode, shift mode, and capture mode. Circuit operations with associated clock cycles conducted in these three modes are referred to as normal operation, shift operation, and capture operation, respectively. In spite of these, scan design methodology has defects. They are power dissipation problem and test time during test application. We propose a new methodology about scan shift clock operation and present low power scan design and short test time.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.631-640
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine premenstrual symptoms (PMS) of shift nurses and identify the association between PMS, sleep, and occupational stress. Methods: This study was conducted with a secondary data analysis that used data from the Shift Work Nurse's Health and Turnover study. The participants were 258 nurses who were working in shifts including night shifts. PMS, sleep patterns (sleep time and sleep time variability), sleep quality, and the occupational stress of each participant were measured using the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, a sleep diary, an actigraph, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and STATA 15.1 to obtain descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) and Baron and Kenny's mediating analysis. Results: The average PMS score, average sleep time, average sleep time variability, average sleep quality score, and average occupational stress score of the participants was 53.95 ± 40.45, 7.52 ± 0.89 hours, 32.84 ± 8.43%, 12.34 ± 5.95, and 49.89 ± 8.98, respectively. A multiple linear regression analysis with GEE indicated that sleep time variability (B = 0.86, p = .001), and sleep quality (B = 2.36, p < .001) had negative effects on nurses' PMS. We also found that sleep quality had a complete mediating effect in the relationship between occupational stress and PMS. Conclusion: These findings indicate that both sleep time variability and sleep quality are important factors associated with PMS among shift work nurses. To improve shift nurses' PMS status, strategies are urgently needed to decrease sleep time variability and increase sleep quality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.32-48
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• 1994

This paper proposes the compensation algorithm of conventional shift pattern using fuzzy reasoning in automatic transmission vehicles. Recently, automatic transimssion vehicles are continually increasing because of theire ease to drive. Also users require the high performance which includes the smooth shift quality and shift scheduling that matches driver;s intentions. So the shift scheduling has been inproved significantly through the application of electronic control. But, in spite of this development, vehicles using conventional shift pattern are sometimes in discord with driver's intention on roads. In this paper, the paper, the proposed compensation algorithm makes a automatic transmission vehicle be able to select an optimal gear shifting time and position using fuzzy reasoning and make a vehicle driver feel confortable even when the vehicle runs on roads which is extremely changed. Therefore, a vehicle driver can expect to reduce the nimber of unnecessary gear shifting and expect the fuel efficiency high. To show usefulness of the proposed method, some simulation are made to compared with conventional gear shifting. Paper prosposes the compensation mehtod of conventional shift pattern using fuzzy reasoning for the purpose that a vehicle can select an optimal gerar shifting time and position in automatic vehicle. Though the conventional shift pattern has no pliability, vehicle driver can feel comfortable and can reduce the number of unnecessary gear shifting using the proposed method on variable road condition. Therefore, it can be expected the fuel efficiency.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.663-670
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• 1998

Most of feedback shift controllers developed in the past have fixed control parameters tuned by experts using a trial and error method. Therefore, those controllers cannot satisfy the best control performance under various driving conditions. To improve the shift quality under various driving conditions, a new self-organizing controller(SOC) that has an optimal control performance through self-learning of driving conditions and driver's pattern is designed in this study. The proposed SOC algorithm for the shift controller uses simple descent method and has less calculation time than complex fuzzy relation, thus makes real-time control passible. PCSV (Pressure Control Solenoid Valve) control current is used as a control input, and turbine speed of the torque converter is used indirectly to monitor the transient torque as a feedback signal, which is more convenient to use and economic than the torque signal measured directoly by a torque sensor. The results of computer simulations show that an apparent reduction of shift-transient torque is obtained through the process of each run without initial fuzzy rules and a good control performance in the shift-transient torque is also obtained.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.508-517
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• 2000

For shift quality improvement, torque sensors are currently too expensive to be used on production vehicles. To achieve smooth acceleration shift, the reference trajectory of the clutch slip speed for accomplishing the shift process within a designated shift completion time and its relationship with the clutch actuating torque were suggested by Jeong and Lee (1999). In order to facilitate the proposed algorithm, nonlinear estimators for necessary information such as the axle shaft torque, clutch friction and turbine torque were designed using only speed sensors. Accounting for the modeling error, a control law for this indirect smooth shift was proposed based on the above mentioned suggestions. Simulation results of the proposed estimators and shift controller were presented and further considerations for practical applications are discussed.