• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.226-234
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• 2003

The effects of dried green tea leaf powders on serum lipid concentrations were evaluated in rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were divided into six groups and fed high fat diets for six weeks. Experimental groups were administered with following diets; Normal fat diet and normal and high fat diets with 1% dried green tealeaf powders. Tissue weights of liver, lung, stomach, heart, kidney and spleen of high fat diet exposed rats were reduced by dried green tea leaf powders groups. The concentrations of serum triglyceride in rats fed the dried green tea leaf powders were lower than those in other groups. The concentrations of total cholesterol in green tea leaf powders the were lower than those in high fat diet groups. The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol in serum of the dried leaf powders green tea were significantly higher than those of other groups. The levels of LDL-cholesterol in serum of the dried green tea leaf powders groups were tended to be lower than those of other groups. GPT and GOT were decreased in dried green tea leaf powders groups and than in the high fat group. LDHase was lower in the dried green tea leaf powders groups than in the high fat group. These results suggest that dried leaf powders green tea groups may reduce elevated levels of serum lipid concentrations in rats fed high fat diets.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.283-293
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to compare prognosis of patients with gastric or colorectal cancer according to places where they received surgeries. Methods: The cancer patients underwent surgeries in sampled hospitals located in Daegu were matched 1:1 to the patients who visited sampled hospitals in Seoul using propensity score method. After the occurrences of death were examined, Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and the log-rank test was performed to compare the survival curves. Results: A total of six out of 291 gastric cancer patients who had surgeries in Daegu died (2.1%) and ten deaths (3.4%) occurred from patients went Seoul hospitals. Out of 84 gastric cancer patients who had chemotherapy after surgeries in Daegu, 13 (15.5%) patients died while 18 (21.4%) deaths occurred among patients underwent surgeries in Seoul. Six deaths (6.9%) out of 87 colorectal cancer patients who had surgeries in Daegu were reported. Five patients (5.7%) died among the patients underwent surgeries in Seoul. Among the colorectal cancer patients with chemotherapy after surgeries, 13 patients (12.4%) who visited hospitals in Daegu and 14 (13.3%) patients who used medical centers in Seoul died. There were no significant differences according to places where patients used medical services. Conclusions: The result of this study is expected to be used as basic data for policy making to resolve centralization problem of cancer patients and to help patients to make rational choices in selection of medical centers.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2005

Purpose: The present study was designed to identify cancer patients' needs when chemotherapy ends. Method: In-depth interview with focus questions was applied for the study. The participants were recruited from the patients receiving cancer chemotherapy in a university hospital. They were seven cancer patients with stomach cancer and two with liver cancer at the ending period of their chemotherapy protocol. Participants were interviewed on discharge date of last treatment and when they returned for the first outpatient follow-up. The focus question was 'what are your needs at this point?' The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed before analysis. The data were analyzed for common categories, special analytic categories, and conceptual categories. Results: Thirty two common categories, ten special analytic categories, and six conceptual categories were identified as patient's needs. The six conceptual categories were comfort needs, social needs, information needs, humanism needs, environmental needs, and self-efficacy needs. Conclusion: There were characteristic specific patients' needs when chemotherapy ends. There are needs to develop and to apply nursing intervention for cancer patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6031-6034
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• 2013

This study describes recent trends in incidence, survival and prevalence of subgroups of esophageal and gastric cancer in Linzhou city between 2003 and 2009. Data of esophageal and gastric cancer for the period of interest were extracted from the Linzhou Cancer Registry. Using information on tumor morphology or anatomical site, data were divided into six groups; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, other and unspecified types of esophageal cancer, and cardia, non-cardia, and unspecified anatomical site of stomach cancer. Incidence, survival and prevalence rates for each of the six cancer groups were calculated. The majority of esophageal cancers were squamous cell carcinomas (82%). Cardiac cancer was the major gastric cancer group (64%). The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer increased between 2003 and 2009. Both esophageal and gastric cancer had a higher incidence in males compared with females. Overall survival was poor in all sub-groups with 1 year survival ranging from 45.9 to 65.6% and 5 year survival ranging from 14.7 to 30.5%. Prevalence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer was high (accounting for 80% overall). An increased focus on prevention and early diagnosis, especially in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer, is required.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.521-527
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• 2009

According to <> and <>, Taeum is strongly related to dampness, earth, and canter. The origin of Taeum is dampness and the presentation of it is dryness, thus spleen plays a greater role than lung in physiologic and pathologic aspect. Taeum meridian cooperates with Soeum and Guelum meridian, and spreads yin gi through spleen and lung meridian. Among six meridian types that are invented by Ji-San, Taeum type possesses lowered eyes and nose and displays characteristics of Taeum disease. Instead of five jang organs and six bu orqans, meridians are major factor of Taeum type. Thus SiDongByung (disease of gi) and SoSaengByung (disease of blood) are considered more significantly than internal and external symptoms of organs. Personality of Taeum type is realistic, pragmatic, diligent, and occasionally selfish. Medications for Taeum type are described as following. GwakHyangJungKi-San or InSamYangWi-Tang can be considered for the complication of intrinsic and extrinsic diseases, which are caused by yin symptom of SangHan. If cold stomach affected by Taeum disease causes an abdominal pain and diarrhea, YiJoong-Tang or PalMiYiJoong-Tang are suggested.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2000

The regional distribution and relative frequencies of endocrine cells were studied immunogistochemically (PAP methods) in the alimentary tract of the tree frog, Hyla areorea japonica, using specific antisera against serotonin, somatostatin, bovine Sp-1/chromogranin (BCG), cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin, bombesin, secretin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Six kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study, These immunoreactive cells were located in the gastric glands of stomach regions and in the basal portion of the epithelium of the intestinal tract or esophagus with variable frequencies. They were spherical or spindle-shaped. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were observed in the whole alimentary tract including the esophagus. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were also detected throughout the alimentary tract except the rectum. CCK-8-immunoreactive cells were observed from the pylorus to ileum. Vip-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the rectum. Bombesin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the fundic gastric regions and gastrin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the pylorus. However, no BCG-, secretin and PP-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in this study. In conclusion, the regional distribution and relative frequency of the endocrine cells in the alimentary tract of the tree frog were similar to other anuran species, but some differences which may be caused by feeding habits and species specification were also observed.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine if international guidelines differ in their recommendations concerning additive therapy for advanced, but potentially curable, gastric cancer. A systematic search of the English and German literature was conducted in the databases Medline, Cochrane Database, Embase, and PubMed. The search terms used were 'guidelines gastric cancer,' 'guidelines stomach cancer,' and 'Leitlinien Magenkarzinom.' Six different guidelines published after January 1, 2010, in which the tumors were classified according to the seventh edition of the TNM system (2010), were identified. Although the examined guidelines were based on the same study results, their recommendations concerning accompanying therapy for gastric cancer differ considerably. While perioperative chemotherapy is recommended in Germany, Great Britain, and large parts of Europe, postoperative adjuvant radiochemotherapy or perioperative chemotherapy is recommended in the USA and Canada. In Japan, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended. The results of identical studies were interpreted differently in different countries. Since considerable effort is required for each country to separately test relevant studies for their validity and suitability, an international cooperation could simplify the creation of a common basis for guidelines and contribute to improved comparability of international guidelines.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.500-504
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• 2013

Here we present the case of an 11-year-old female patient diagnosed with Caroli syndrome, who had refractory esophageal varices. The patient had a history of recurrent bleeding from esophageal varices, which was treated with endoscopic variceal ligation thrice over a period of 2 years. However, the bleeding was not controlled. When the patient finally visited the Emergency Department, the hemoglobin level was 4.4 g/dL. Transhepatic intrajugular portosystemic shunt was unsuccessful. Subsequently, the patient underwent percutaneous transhepatic variceal obliteration. Twenty hours after this procedure, the patient complained of aphasia, dizziness, headache, and general weakness. Six hours later, the patient became drowsy and unresponsive to painful stimuli. Lipiodol particles used to embolize the coronary and posterior gastric veins might have passed into the systemic arterial circulation, and they were found to be lodged in the brain, kidney, lung, and stomach. There was no abnormality of the portal vein on portal venography, and blood flow to the azygos vein through the paravertebral and hemiazygos systems was found to drain to the systemic circulation on coronary venography. Contrast echocardiography showed no pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Symptoms improved with conservative management, and the esophageal varices were found to have improved on esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.22-34
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• 1998

Coarse grain crops including maize, sorghum, buckwheat, fox-tail millet, pearl millet, proso millet and barnyard millet have been used as health food, feed and industrial materials in Korea for a long time. Korean ancestors thought and treated them as the very important good crops for human health and the crops have served as a dish made with all the grains, particularly in January 15 of the lunar month in korea because the grains make the five viscera of heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys and the six entrails of gall bladder, stomach, small and large intestines, the paunch, the bladder, and the bowels strong and build healthy body. Thus, the objectives of the paper were to review and summarize the results obtained from the quality breeding and functional researches worldwide on nutrition, utilization and medical action of the coarse grain crops. Maize grain, fresh ear and green fodder yields have increased since 1960s in Korea. Agronomic traits improvements also occurred for cold tolerance, disease and insect resistance, resistance to barrenness, resistance to loding, pollen production, grain and seed yields, and eating quality. For buckwheat, improved summer buckwheat varieties produced more rutin for vegetable and grain than autumn varieties in Korea

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1508-1513
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• 2000

The aim of this trial was to study the response of laboratory animals including omnivores (rats) and herbivores (rabbits, guinea pigs and hamsters) to the same level of dietary fiber on their digestive enzymes and hindgut fermentation. Ten weanling animals of each of four species, rabbits, guinea-pigs, rats and Syrian hamster, were fed a basal diet of 18% crude protein and 10% crude fiber for six weeks. The digesta and tissue of each intestinal segment were collected to measure the activity of digestive enzymes. Rabbits contained the highest secreted pepsin activity in the stomach, whereas rats contained the highest protease and ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity in the small intestine, and lower fibrous hydrolases in the hindgut than rabbits, guinea pigs and hamsters. The total VFA productions in the caecum and colon were highest in rats, followed by hamsters and rabbits, while the guinea pigs contained the lowest VFA and a different pattern of VFA molar ratio from the other laboratory animals. The degree of hindgut fermentation in these laboratory animals was in reverse to the trend for their fiber digestion.