• Integrative Medicine Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2017

Background: Traditional Korean Sasang constitutional (SC) medicine categorizes individuals into four constitutional types [Tae-eum (TE), So-eum (SE), Tae-yang (TY), or So-yang (SY)] based on biological and physiological characteristics. As these characteristics are closely related to the bioenergetics of the human body, we assessed the correlation between SC type and energy metabolism features. Methods: Forty healthy, young ($22.3{\pm}1.4$ years) males volunteered to participate in this study. Participants answered an SC questionnaire, and their face shape, voice tone, and body shape were assessed using an SC analysis tool. Thirty-one participants (10 TE, 10 SE, 3 TY, and 8 SY) were selected for further analysis. Collected blood samples were subjected to blood composition analysis, mitochondrial function analysis, and whole-exome sequencing. Results: The SY type showed significantly lower total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the SE type. Cellular and mitochondrial Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were similar across types. All types showed similar basal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, whereas the TE type showed a significantly lower ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate than the other types. Whole-exome sequencing identified several genes variants that were exclusively detected in particular SC types, including 19 for SE, seven for SY, 11 for TE, and six for TY. Conclusion: SC type-specific differences in mitochondrial function and gene mutations were detected in a small group of healthy, young Korean males. These results are expected to greatly improve the accurate screening and utilization of SC medicine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1446-1456
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• 1998

Bones are important parts in sustaining the shape of the body, but they are also metabolic organs which undergo bone remodeling by constant bone resorption and formation. Osteoporosis, the typical metabolic bone disease, is characterized by a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD). Women more than men are at risk fir osteoporosis-related fractures, especially in the lumbar spine, wrist, and hip region. Risk of fracture depends on one's BMD, which open determined by the peak bone mass value achieved at skeletal maturity and followed by subsequent age-and menopause-related bone loss. Genetic and environmental factors are known to play a key role in bone metabolism and diet is considered as one of the important environmental factors. The purpose of the present study was to assess the status of BMD and bone mineral content(BMC) to clarify the relationships between dietary intakes and the risk of osteoporosis in adult women in Taegu. Subjects were 130 healthy females in between 20 and 69 years of age. BMD and BMC of the lumbar spine(venebrae L2-4) of the subjects were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The average age of the subjects was 47.4${\pm}$11.7 years old, the average weight was 57.2${\pm}$8.4kg, the average age of menarche was 16.6${\pm}$1.9 years old and the average age of menopause was 48.4${\pm}$5.3 years old. The nutrient intakes of the subjects measured by the convenient method were generally lower than the level of RDA. The result of nutrient intake assessed has shown that the average energy intake was 1701${\pm}$316kca1 which is 85.1% of the RDA and the average calcium intake was 485.4${\pm}$172.3mg which is 69.3% of the RDA. The intakes of protein, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, niacin were greater than the RDA, whereas the remaining nutrient intakes were lower than the RDA. The average BMD of the subjects was shown to be 1.06${\pm}$1.09g/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The highest BMD of 1.24${\pm}$0.14g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was noticed in the subjects of 30s compared to 20s, 40s, 50s, 60s. The BMD values were compared by the relative body weight(R3W) of the menopause subjects, and it was found that the underweight group had significant lower BMB while the rest of the groups did not have any differences in BMD. The most strongly correlated nutrient with BMD among the menopause subjects appeared to be calcium. The women whose Ca intakes were higher than 500mg showed the significantly higher BMD than those with Ca intakes lower than 500mg. This study suggests that the most effective way to prevent osteoporosis and to reduce the incidences of fractures seems to be minimizing bone loss through the adequate intake of calcium as well as avoiding underweight, especially in menopausal women. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) . 1446-1456, 1998)

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 청소년들이 희망하는 체질량지수에 따른 에너지 섭취 상태를 규명하는 것이다. 이에 280명의 중학생을 대상으로 현재 또는 희망하는 체중과 신장을 근거로 체질량지수에 따른 비만도군으로 분류하여 체형 및 체중조절에 대한 인식과 에너지 섭취 상태를 비교, 분석하였다. 전체 대상자의 평균 연령은 15세이었으며, 남학생은 147명(52.5%), 여학생은 133명(47.5%)이었다. 현재 비만도군에 따라 성별 분포는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 희망하는 비만도군에 따라서 저체중군은 남녀 각각 15%와 82%, 정상체중군은 71.4%와 16.5%, 과체중군은 13.6%와 1.5%로 유의한 차이를 보여(P<0.001) 여학생은 체중감소를, 남학생은 체중증가를 더 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 자신의 체형에 대해 저체중군은 적당하다(38.7%), 정상체중군은 적당하다(45.5%)와 약간 뚱뚱하다(39%), 과체중군은 약간 뚱뚱하다(65.2%)라는 응답이 가장 높아, 현재 비만도군에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.001). 체중조절에 대한 관심에 있어 현재 저체중군과 정상체중군은 보통이다(36.9%, 44.7%), 과체중군은 관심이 많다(52.2%)라는 응답이 가장 높았던 반면, 저체중 희망군은 관심이 많다(55.7%), 정상체중 희망군은 보통이다(51.2%), 과체중 희망군은 관심이 없다(45.5%)라는 응답이 가장 높아 유의한 차이를 보였다(각 P<0.001). 체중조절 경험이 있다는 비율은 전체대상자의 47.9%이었으며, 현재 과체중군(71.7%), 정상체중군(51.2%), 저체중군(34.2%) 순으로 유의하게 높았고(P<0.001), 희망 비만도군에 따라서는 저체중 희망군(57.3%), 정상체중 희망군(40.2%), 과체중희망군(36.4%) 순으로 높았다(P<0.001). 전체대상자의 1일 에너지 섭취량은 2,057.1 kcal이었으며, 현재 비만도군에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 희망 비만도군에 따라서는 저체중 희망군의 에너지 섭취량이 1943.1 kcal, 정상체중 희망군이 2165.0 kcal, 과체중 희망군이 2152.1 kcal로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.001). 이상의 연구결과를 종합할 때, 여학생은 남학생보다 체중감소를 더 희망하고, 체중감소를 원할수록 체중조절에 대한 관심과 경험이 높고, 에너지 섭취가 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the comfort sensation depending on four different kinds of denim blue jeans: cotton, cotton/tencel, tencel, cotton/pp. The objective and subjective experiments were conducted to measure the comfort of blue jeans. To investigate the objective comfort, physical properties related to thermal insulation, moisture properties and hand were measured. For subjective comfort measurement, 5 healthy female college students were taken as subjects. The outcomes of the experiments are as follows: The higher the air permeability and bulk density of the denim, the lower the thermal insulation, the thicker the denim, the higher the thermal insulation. Tencel blending denim showed the higher bulk density, the lower air contents, and consequently the lower thermal insulation than the other denims. Tencel showed the highest moisture regain, and cotton/tencel blend showed the highest water vapor permeability. Tencel denim had relatively better flexibility, shape stability and elastic recovery than the other denims. The total hand values of the denims by KES-FB system were not significantly different. Cotton and cotton/pp denims raised the subjects body temperature after excercise more than tencel or cotton/tencel denims. Average skin temperature was found to have a correlation with micro climate temperature and micro climate humidity. The correlation coefficients were 0.749 and 0.767, respectively. However, average skin temperatures were not significantly different among the materials. Pulse rate was found to be the highest when wearing cotton/pp and the lowest in case of cotton/tencel denim. The energy was consumed in order of cotton>cotton/pp>tencel>cotton/tencel. There was no significant difference in preference before excercise, but, after the excercise, the order of preference changed as the following; cotton/tencel>tencel>cotton/pp>cotton.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.225-233
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• 1985

본조사 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 조사대상자의 식품섭취균형도 점수는 17점 만점에 평균 11.93점으로 대부분의 영양소가 권장량에 미달된 가능성이 큼을 시사해 주었다. 2) 식사의 질이 불량한 군일수록 대상자의 평균 연령이 높았다(P<0.01). 3) 식사의 질이 불량한 군일수록 자신의 체형을 뚱뚱한 형으로 평가했으며 과체중율이 높았고 자신의 체형에 대해 불만족을 표했다(P<0.01). 4) 식사의 질이 불량한 군일수록 결식율이 높았고 식사가 불규칙적으로 이루어 졌다(P<0.01). 5) 식사의 질이 양호한 군일수록 단백질 식품군에 대한 기호도가 높았다(P<0.05). 6) 식사의 질이 양호한 군일수록 간식 섭취 횟수 (P<0.01)와 인스탄트 식품 이용도(P<0.01)가 높았고 식사시 식품배합을 고려하는 율이 높았다(P<0.05).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.579-585
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• 2019

수중 표적의 탐지 효율을 증대시키기 위하여 능동 예인 음탐기는 적정 심도에서 바른 자세로 예인 되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 능동 예인 음탐기의 꼬리 날개 형상이 예인 자세 및 예인 안정성에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 축소 모형 실험 2회 및 해상 실험 1회를 수행하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 축소 모형 실험은 선형 수조에서 꼬리 날개 형상에 따른 속력 별 예인 거동을 측정하였으며, 축소 모형 실험에 활용된 꼬리 날개 형상은 I 형 꼬리 날개 1개와 Y 형 꼬리 날개 4개로 총 2종 5개에 대하여 실험을 수행하였다. 1차 축소 모형 실험에서는 Y형 꼬리 날개가 I 형 꼬리 날개 대비 예인 자세 및 예인 안정성이 우수함을 확인하였다. 2차 축소 모형 실험에서는 Y형 꼬리 날개를 기본으로 수직 꼬리 날개 높이 증가, 하부 수평 꼬리 날개 경사각 적용 형상에 대하여 속력 별 거동 특성을 확인하였으며, 하부 수평 꼬리 날개 경사각 적용 형상이 가장 우수한 성능을 나타내었다. 축소 모형 실험 결과를 검증하기 위해 실물 모형을 제작하여 해상 실험을 수행하였으며, 축소 모형 실험 결과와 유사함을 확인하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1690-1696
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• 2006

본 연구는 복부가 비만한 노년 여성의 의복의 패턴설계를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었으며 이들의 체형특성을 분석하고 일반 노년 여성과의 상반신 및 하반신 체형특성의 차이점을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 60세 이상 서울 및 서울 근교에 거주하는 노년 여성 318명-복부비만 251명, 일반인 67명-이며 직접측정을 실시하였다. 복부비만의 기준은 허리엉덩이둘레비(WHR)가 0.85 이상인 피험자로 하였다. 높이항목, 두께항목, 너비항목, 길이항목 및 몸무게로 구성된 총 33개 측정치 및 측정치를 토대로 한 계산치 및 지수치를 이용하여 기술통계분석, 상관분석, T검정을 실시함으로써 이들의 복부돌출요인에 따라 의복구성에 고려해야 할 체형특성을 파악하고, 이를 일반 노년 여성과 비교분석하였다. 연구결과 복부비만 노인은 일반 노인보다 높이항목과 어깨너비 등 어깨관련항목을 제외한 두께, 둘레, 길이 항목에서 유의한 차이를 보이며, 로러지수와 버벡지수, 체간부의 편평률에서도 유의차를 보여 전체적 인 비만도가 높으며 체간부 형태가 원통형을 나타낸다. 또한 복부비만 노년 여성의 경우 상관관계 분석결과 엉덩이둘레보다 배둘레나 엉덩이외포둘레가 패턴 설계에 필요한 주요 항목들과 더 높은 선형적 상관성을 보이므로 패턴의 기준항목 설정시 이를 고려하여 제작하여야 할 것이다.

• 복식
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.108-119
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• 2005

The objective of the study is was investigate the condition of the battle dress uniform worn by male members of the Korean Police Special Weapons Attack Team(KP-SWAT), identify problems, and provide basic raw materials for developing improved design of BDU. For this purpose, the researcher conducted a questionnaire survey on 92 male members of SWAT (Special Weapon Attack Team) units in Seoul using a questionnaire developed through observation and interview. Also, the body sizes of male SWAT members were measured. According to the results of body size measurements, male SWAT members generally require uniforms with a target bust girth, armhole, biceps circumference, thigh and calf circumference, longer jacket length, sleeve length, and trouser length to the knee. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, they reported dissatisfaction with the fit. In addition, they said that the Pockets are positioned too low for convenient use. Many subjects reported that their trousers were too short because of the rubber rings at the bottom of the legs. In addition, many subjects requested the alteration of the inconveniences caused by the designs finished with velcro on the bottom collar of the upper uniform, the marks and ensigns of the upper uniform, the bottom of the upper and lower uniform, and several pockets. Furthermore, there were many complaints concerning how they had to wear their uniform. The most frequently worn out and the body parts most often injured in field training and operations, they were reported, on the upper uniform, as the elbow, collar, neck, armpit, shoulder, and sleeve hem in that order, and on the lower uniform, the knee, interior calf, waist (belt rings), buttocks (rear pockets), and the bottom of the trousers (ankle) in that order As for questions concerning priorities in the improvements of the operational uniform and preferred design, the subjects recommended improvement in safety (protectiveness), workability (motional flexibility), design (shape), fit (size), comfort, ease in terms of putting on and taking off, etc., and the majority preferred two-piece designs ($67.4\%$), followed by one-piece ($30.4\%$), or both ($2.2\%$).

• 한국균학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2008

신품종 느타리버섯 '미소'는 충남농업기술원에서 육성한 품종으로 국립종자원에 품종 등록되었고(품종보호권 등록, 제 1688호, 2006. 11. 17), 제 3호 대한민국 우수품종상을 수상한 품종이다(2007 . 12. 7). '미소'의 균사는 $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ 온도의 감자배지에서 배양시 일일 $8.4{\sim}8.6\;mm$로 균사생장이 양호하며, 균사배양에 적합한 배지 pH는 5.0이다. 초발이소요일수는 6일로 원형 1호의 9일에 비해 3일 정도 빨랐다. '미소'의 병당 개체수는 18.1개로 원형 1호의 12.3개 보다 많았고, 대의 직경 및 갓의 크기가 원형 1호에 비해 작은 반면 대의 길이는 길었다. '미소' 갓모양은 반반구형${\sim}$편평형이며, 갓의 색은 미백색이다. '미소'의 병당 개체중은 적었지만 개체수가 많아 원형 1호나 장안 5호에 비해 병당 수량은 115.7g으로 원형 1호(96.4g)보다 20% 높았고, 장안 5호(82.4g)보다 40% 높았다. 버섯의 아린맛을 띄는 주된 물질인 Tannin산 함량이 '미소' 1.54%로 원형 1호 1.72%와 장안5호 1.64%보다 그 함량이 낮아 아린 맛이 적었다. AFLP분석한 결과 '미소'는 원형 1호 및 다른 느타리버섯과 구별되었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.12-31
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• 1997

This is a study on the changes of the ancient underclothes. Underclothing includes all such articles, worn by either sex, as were completely or mainly concealed from the spectator by the external costume. Functions of underclothes are follow ; to protect the body from cold, to support the shape of the costume, to cleanliness, to erotic use of underclothes and as a method of class distinction. Linen is the oldest as materials and cotton came into general use after the Restoration of 1660. We must suppose that woolen petticoat was at least as old as the Middle Ages and silk was rarely used until late in Victorian times. Until the middle of the last century underclothes were necessarily hand-made, and the absence of fit was noticeable until the introduction of man\`s drawers, fitting the leg, at the close of the eighteen century. Strings and ribbons were the fastenings for underclothes until the middle of the seventeenth century, when they were replaced by buttons. One outstanding example of the first type of figures is a Babylonian girl of about 3000 BC from Sumeria who wears that today would immediately be described as briefs. Female statues show no trace of anything being worn under the chiton, but there is literary evidenced that the Greeks. A band of linen of kid was bound round the waist and lower torso to shape and control it. It was known as the Zone or girdle. The apodesmos, meaning a band, breast band, occurs in a fragment of Aristophanes. A Roman mosaic shows female athletes wearing a bikini-briefs and bra in the fourth century AD. A similar band, called the mastodeton, or breast band, was also worn round the bust, apparently to flatten or minimise it, as in the 1920s, and not, to stress its curves. In Rome, too, women sometimes wore bands of material round the hips and bust-a cestus or girdle is referred to by the poet Martial and seems to have been similar to the zone, but wider, and the strophium, or breast band, is mentioned by Cicero.