• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.131-135
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• 1995

This study was performed to develop immnoassay method of detecting the residual tylosin and to investigate the residues using HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography) in animal products. Obtained results are the followings: 1. To develop immunoassay method, the conjugation of activated tylosin tartarate ester derivatives and BSA (bovine serum albumin) was certified at the 290nm of maximal absorbance which tylosin tartrate have. 2. The titration of anti-serum produced from rabbit immunized with the conjugator as an immunogen was too low to analyze the tylosin. 3. The residual tylosin can be detected by 0.2 ppm using HPLC. 4. Recovery of tylosin from spiked pork samples measured using HPLC was $87.4{\pm}4.0%$. 5. When the levels of tylosin residues in swine liver and kindney were measured on HPLC. The level was over the maximum tolerance level in one out of ten samples of each organ.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1993

In an attempt to quantitate and qualitate residual antibiotics and antibacterial agents n meat simultaneously, we studied a gas chromatogrphy-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. For a simultaneous analysis of macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin and tylosin in meat, the homogenization with MeOH, defatting with n-hexane, extraction with CHCl3, elution with CHCl3 : MeOH=2:1 from Sep-Pak silica cartridge, acid gydrolysis, back extraction with CHCl3, and quantitation by selected ion monitoring(SIM) mode after trimethylsilyl derivatization were performed. The recoveries of erythromycin and tylosin (CV,%) at 10 ppm fortification level were 90.59(4.89) and 45.91(0.20) , and the detection limits of those were 0.02 and 2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g beef, respectively. From these results, the developed analytical method using GC/MS-SIM mode allows excellent detection and quantitation of residual macrolide antibiotics in meats, using complementary method with bio-assay.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.734-740
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• 2010

Overuse of veterinary antibiotics threats public health and surrounding environment due to the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic's concentrations of tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC), and oxytetracycline (OTC) in a tetracycline group (TCs), sulfamethazine (SMT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and sulfathiazole (STZ) in a sulfonamide group, lasalocid (LSL), monensin (MNS), and salinomycin (SLM) in a ionophore (IPs), and tylosin (TYL) in a macrolide (MLs) group from soil, water, and sediment samples adjacent to a cattle manure composting facility. For all samples of soil, water, and sediment, the highest concentrations were detected in TCs among the tested antibiotics because of its higher annual consumption in veterinary farms, Korea and its higher cohesiveness with divalent or trivalent cations in soil. Moreover, the concentrations of residual antibiotics in September were generally higher than in June because of heavier rainfall in June. We suggest that continual monitoring and developing guideline of antibiotics are needed to control residual antibiotics in the environment.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.242-250
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• 2016

Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) has been used to treat animal disease and to increase animal weight as growth promoter. However, abused usage of VAs can cause production of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment and additionally, residual of VAs in soil can be transferred into crops. Therefore, main objective of this research was to examine bioaccumulation of VAs in sprouts (red cabbage, Brassica Olearacea L. var. Capitata f. rubra and red radish, Raphanus sativus) with hydroponic method. Total of 7 VAs in 2 different classes of VAs (tetracyclcines: tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethiazole, macrolides: tylosin) were evaluated and experiment was conducted with solid phase extraction (SPE)/high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). Initial spiked concentration of 7 VAs was $5mg\;L^{-1}$ and cultivation period was 8 days. Result showed that growth of sprouts was inhibited about 23-27% when VAs was introduced. Amount of bioaccumulated VAs was also differed depending on class of VAs. The highest amount of bioaccmulated VAs was tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole in each class with a concentration of 4.05, $7.73mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively. Calculated transfer ratio of VAs into crops was also ranged 0.38-54.27%. Overall, bioaccumulation of VAs in crops can be varied depending on crop species and class of VAs. However, further research should be conducted to verify bioaccumulation of VAs in crops in the soil environment.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.628-634
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• 2012

Release of veterinary antibiotics (VSs) to agricultural environment through application of animal manure and/or animal manure-based composts to soils is of concern. The current study was conducted to examine decline of VAs during composting the chicken manure. For this, antibiotics free chicken manure (20 kg) and sawdust (10 kg) were added to the bench-scale composting apparatus and then the mixed material was spiked simultaneously with three VAs (chlortetracycline, CTC; sulfamethazine, SMZ; tylosin, TYL) at two different levels (10 and $20mg\;kg^{-1}$). Then the decline of VAs was determined using Charm II system during 53 composting period. For comparison, composting only chicken manure was included at VAs concentration of $10mg\;kg^{-1}$. During composting, the concentration of all three different VAs declined below the prospective guideline values ($0.8mg\;kg^{-1}$ for CTC, $0.2mg\;kg^{-1}$ for SMZ, and $1.0mg\;kg^{-1}$ for TYL) except CTC at $20mg\;kg^{-1}$ spiking when the chicken manure was composted together with sawdust. Interestingly, CTC at $10mg\;kg^{-1}$ spiking appeared to be declined under the guideline value without sawdust while SMZ was resistant to be declined without sawdust. Unlike CTC and SMZ, TYL showed immediate decline right after spiking TYL to composting materials regardless the spiking concentration and existence of sawdust. Appropriate composting procedure of chicken manure was able to decline the residual VAs in the manure below the prospective guideline value and the importance of organic substances on this decline was perceived.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2010

본 연구는 강원도 원주 지역의 계분 퇴비화 시설 인근의 농경지 토양, 지표수 및 저질토에 대한 TCs계열 3종(TC, CTC 및 OTC), SAs 계열 3종(SMX, STZ 및 SMT), IPs 계열 3종(LSL, MNS 및 SLM) 및 MLs 계열 1종(TYL) 등 총 4개 계열 10종의 항생물질을 선정하여 영농시기 별 잔류특성을 조사하였다. 토양 시료의 경우 TCs가 다른 계열 항생물질과 비교하여 가장 높은 농도로 검출되었으며 이는 TCs 내 케톤기와 토양 내 2가 양이온이 복합체를 형성, 표토에 강하게 흡착되어 심토까지 이동하지 않고 축적된 것으로 추측된다. 반면 TCs와 비교해 토양 내 SAs 잔류량이 낮은 이유는 적은 사용량과 낮은 흡착계수에서 기인된 것으로 판단되었다. 수질시료의 TCs는 집중강우로 인한 토양유실 및 이후 유량 감소로 인해 6월보다 9월에 높은 농도를 보였다. 저질토 내 TCs 농도 증가 이유가 양이온간의 복합체 형성, 이온교환 및 부식산의 수소결합으로 인해 지표수로 유입된 TCs가 저질토로 흡착, 축적되었기 때문으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 계분퇴비 시용시 주변환경으로 높은 농도의 항생물질이 유입될 가능성이 있으며, 이로 인해 토양 내 내성 박테리아 생성 및 생태계 교란뿐만 아니라 직 간접적으로 인간에게 피해가 우려되는 바 지속적인 모니터링을 통한 관리방안 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2010

축산용 항생물질은 동물의 질병예방, 치료와 더불어 성장촉진 및 사료효율 증대를 위한 목적으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 우리나라에서 사용되는 항생물질의 가축 사육수 당 사용량은 선진국에 비해 매우 높으며 이로 인해 환경 내로 유입될 가능성이 상대적으로 높다. 특히 환경으로 유입된 항생물질은 내성 박테리아의 유발 등 여러 가지 환경적 문제를 야기할 수 있어 이에 대한 연구가 요구된다. 이에 본 연구는 국내 대규모 계분 처리시설을 중심으로 주변의 농경지 토양, 하천수 및 저질토 등으로의 환경 유출 가능성이 높은 항생물질 4가지 계열(tetracyclines[TCs], sulfonamides[SAs], macrolides[MLs], inopohores[IPs])을 대상으로 환경요소 내의 잔류 특성을 조사하였다. 연구결과 환경으로 유입된 TCs 항생물질은 일반적으로 토양 양이온과 흡착하여 안정화 되는 경향을 보였다. 우리나라에서 사용량이 가장 높은 TCs의 tetracycline(TC)가 토양, 하천수 및 저질토에서 50% 이상의 검출비율을 보였으며 최대 35.6 ${\mu}g/kg$까지 검출되었다. 반면 SAs 계열은 높은 이동성을 보였으며 연구지역 특성상 잔류 농도는 상대적으로 낮았지만 수질 시료 중 검출비율이 86.7~93.3%으로 다른 항생물질보다 높았다. IPs 중 monensin(MNS)는 양계용 사료에 많이 사용된다고 알려진 바와 같이 토양 중 최대 6.9 ${\mu}g/kg$으로 높은 수치 를 보였다. MLs의 tylosin(TYL)은 토양과 저질토에서 최대 농도가 각각 16.6 ${\mu}g/kg$, 114.3 ${\mu}g/kg$로 저질토에 흡착되어 잔류하는 특성이 강했다.