• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.447-450
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• 2016

Let $F_n$ and $L_n$ be the nth Fibonacci number and Lucas number, respectively. The order of appearance of m in the Fibonacci sequence, denoted by z(m), is the smallest positive integer k such that m divides $F_k$. Marques obtained the formula of $z(L^k_n)$ in some cases. In this article, we obtain the formula of $z(L^k_n)$ for all $n,k{\geq}1$.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.467-474
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• 2018

To organize and document the contents of meetings and discussions is very important in various tasks. However, in the past, people had to manually organize the contents themselves. In this paper, we describe the development of a system that generates the meeting minutes automatically using the TextRank algorithm. The proposed system records all the utterances of the speaker in real time and calculates the similarity based on the appearance frequency of the sentences. Then, to create the meeting minutes, it extracts important words or phrases through a non-supervised learning algorithm for finding the relation between the sentences in the document data. Especially, we improved the performance by introducing the keyword weighting technique for the TextRank algorithm which reconfigured the PageRank algorithm to fit words and sentences.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the physical appearance and therapeutic changes that occur with the performance of Schroth exercise in patients with scoliosis. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifteen subjects with maximum curvature of the lumbar who were diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis had volunteered to participate in the study. Eight subjects were included in the experimental group where they performed the Schroth Therapeutic Exercise and the other seven were included in the control group. The experimental group underwent 2 hours of weekly treatment for 12 weeks, while the control group did not during the same period based on the decisions of patients or guardians. The Mann-Whitney rank test was carried out to compare the treatment results of the two groups, and the comparison within the group was done by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The vertebral rotation angle (VRA) was by Scoliometer, and difference of rotated and curved portion volume (DV) between both sides on the major curvature portion measured by 3D human body scanning system. Results: In the experimental group, 12 weeks of Schroth exercise therapy has significant improved in correction rate (CR) in Cobb's angle (CA), VRA, and DV between both sides on the major curvature portion (p<0.05), while significant differences were not found between the groups regarding weight bearing difference in both feet (WD) and DV (p<0.05). Conclusions: Schroth exercise performance showed significant changes in the patient's therapeutic changes (CA, VRA), but the physical appearance (DV, WD) was not significant, indicating that external changes in the treatment goal setting are more difficult goals to achieve.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.427-432
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to estimate muscle defect by ultrasonography in the patients with secondary deformities of the lip. We investigated the association between the muscle defect in the repaired cleft lip and the philtral appearance not only at resting state but also maximal puckering. Methods: From December 2006 to November 2007, 52 children were evaluated after primary or secondary cheiloplasty. Digital photographs were taken both from the front and both three quarter views in repose and at maximal pucker. Video clips were also taken in repose and at maximal pucker. A panel of four, scored the philtral ridge and dimple seen on these photographs and videos by using two visual analog scales. Eminence of the philtral ridge was scored by a 5 point grading scale, from "conspicuous groove" to "normal philtral ridge" and the philtral dimple was scored by 3 point grading scale, from "no dimple" to "prominent dimple". Ultrasound images of the upper lip were made using a linear array transducer at the resting position of the lip and evaluated by a single radiologist. Results: The philtral ridge eminence scored $2.79{\pm}0.54$ and $1.40{\pm}0.53$ at resting and maximal pucker, correlating with "flat" and "conspicous groove". The philtral dimpling scored $1.44{\pm}0.53$ and $2.27{\pm}0.66$ at resting and maximal pucker, correlating with "no dimple" and "slight dimple". Ultrasound imaging showed the average muscle dehiscence to be $3.78{\pm}2.14$ mm at resting position. Correlation between the muscle defect in ultrasound imaging and philtral ridge eminence at rest was statistically significant (p<0.050), but was not significant (p=0.756) at maximal pucker using Spearman's rank correlation. Correlation between the muscle defect in ultrasound imaging and philtral dimpling was not statistically significant both at rest (p=0.920) and at maximal pucker (p=0.815) using Spearman's rank correlation. Conclusion: Quantitative assessment of the muscle defect using ultrasonography correlates with the static philtral appearance, but does not correlate with the dynamic appearance. Also, the size of the muscle defect does not show any correlation with the philtral dimpling. Our findings reveal that ultrasound imaging partially reflect static appearance of philtrum but cannot reflect dynamic appearance and suggest the need for further research to evaluate dynamic appearance.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2019

Template tracking refers to the procedure of finding the most similar image patch corresponding to the given template through an image sequence. In order to obtain more accurate trajectory of the template, the template requires to be updated to reflect various appearance changes as it traverses through an image sequence. To do that, appearance images are used to model appearance variations and these are obtained by the computation of the principal components of the augmented image matrix at every iteration. Unfortunately, it is prohibitively expensive to compute the principal components at every iteration. Thus in this paper, we suggest a new Sliding Window based truncated URV Decomposition (TURVD) algorithm which enables updating their structure by recycling their previous decomposition instead of decomposing the image matrix from the beginning. Specifically, we show an efficient algorithm for updating and downdating the TURVD simultaneously, followed by the rank-one update to the TURVD while tracking the decomposition error accurately and adjusting the truncation level adaptively. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm produces no-meaningful differences but much faster execution speed compared to the typical algorithms in template tracking applications, thereby maintaining a good approximation for the principal components.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.852-866
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• 2015

This study analyzes the form of sleeve heads, which is an important internal element that affects the appearance of jacket sleeves. It characterized sleeve head forms by investigating angles, materials, and a combination of formations for 50 sleeve heads. It conducted an appearance evaluation by comparing and analyzing the results. This paper develops a sleeve head appropriately for sleeve construction. The study results are as follows. First, the product was divided into three parts: based on, force receiving, and sleeve cap parts. There were four types of man's sleeve head: straight, arc, and curve A and B types. The woman's sleeve head had two types: straight and curve B type. Second, the feature of each type of sleeve head was analyzed. A straight type emphasized the based on part. An arc type highlighted the force receiving part while the based on part decreased. The sleeve cap part, force receiving part, and based on part were emphasized in the arc type sleeve head. Third, as a result of the appearance evaluation, each type was rank as straight type < arc type ${\leq}$ curve A < curve B. The straight type did not get positive results as it had extra ease when the sleeve head was attached to a Jacket Sleeve. The arc type was evaluated poorly due to an inappropriate sleeve cap composition. The curve type received an excellent overall outcome as it fit into the sleeve cap part well and highlighted the force receiving part in order to minimize front and back wrinkles. Therefore, the curve type made the resemblance of the jacket appearance perfect and closest to the sleeve pattern.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-45
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this epidemiological study was to establish the laterality of breast cancer (BC) and its association with size, receptor status of the primary tumor and bone metastasis (BM) in a local population. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included cases of BC from Jan-2009 to Dec-2011 who were referred for metastatic work up or follow up survey with Technetium-99m MDP bone scan (BS) to the Nuclear Medicine Department of Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (KIRAN). A total of 384 patients out of 521 were included and all reviewed for age, primary tumor size (PTS), laterality, receptor status like estrogen receptor (ER) progesterone receptor (PR) and Her-2-Neu receptor, presence or absence of BM with sites of involvement and time interval between diagnosis of BC and appearance of BM. Results: The left to right sided BC proportion was significantly higher than unity (59%:41%; p<0.001). The right sided BC was observed in younger age group (46:52 years; p<0.0001) and with a smaller PTS than the left sided (3.43:4.15 cm; p<0.0001). The patients with BM had relatively higher negative receptor status with a significant predominance of right sided BC. The overall incidence of BM on BS was 28% and relatively higher in right than left breast (33%:24% p=0.068). The average number of BM sites was also significantly greater for the right side (6:4, P<0.0001). The % cumulative risk of BM in right breast was noted at significantly smaller PTS than left side with log rank value of 5.579; p<0.05. The Kaplan Meier survival plot for event free survival of BM in left sided BC was significantly higher than for the right side (log rank value=4.155, p<0.05), with an earlier appearance of BM in right BC. Conclusions: 1) A left sided predominance of BC was seen in local population; 2) right sided BC had a more aggressive behavior with extensive and earlier appearance of BM at relatively younger age, smaller PTS and receptor (s) negativity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.547-559
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• 2018

Consumers are becoming increasingly interested in what kind of value their food has. Many studies have focused on consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for specific food values. However, few studies have asked consumers to consider or rank the importance of different food values. This paper determined consumers' food values by implementing the best-worst scaling approach and segmented consumers based on the relative importance of general food values that consumers place on them. Among a list of eleven food values (taste, safety, origin, appearance, price, environmental impact, naturalness, convenience, nutrition, fairness, and habit) which was compiled from previous studies on food preferences, on average, safety, nutrition, taste, and price were the most important values to consumers, whereas fairness, habit, appearance, convenience, origin, and environmental impact were the least important values. However, significant variation exists among consumers in terms of the relative importance of food values. To investigate the heterogeneity among consumers, a Latent Class Analysis was performed to classify consumers into subgroups based on responses to questions. Two latent classes were found and characterized as 'safety-nutrition' and 'taste-price'. The 'safety-nutrition' cluster represents 61% of the sample and a group of people who find safety and nutrition centered values to be the most important. Another cluster represents about 39% of the sample, and relative to the first group, this group finds price and taste values to be more important.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.271-280
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the appearance satisfaction and self-efficacy of college students. The relation between appearance satisfaction and self-efficacy was also examined. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The convenience sample consisted of 395 undergraduate college students from three universities in D city. The data were collected from May to July, 2011 using the Body Cathexis Scale and the Self Efficacy Scale. Data analysis was performed with SPSS WIN 21.0 Program. The scores on both scales showed a significant difference between male and female students, and the male students had higher scores. Male and female students had similar rank order of body part by satisfaction scores. There were significant correlations between appearance satisfaction scores and self-efficacy scores but there were no significant differences between the correlation coefficients in male and female students. This result indicates that the effect of appearance satisfaction on self-efficacy was similar in both male and female students. The findings of this study suggest that an intervention program to enhance appearance satisfaction is effective in increasing self-efficacy of college students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.489-500
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• 2016

This study examined the influencing factors of depression on the physical appearance satisfaction and the trends of personal relationships in Korean nursing college students. A total of 247 subjects between 17 and 27 years of age were selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire from November 1, 2012 to March 30, 2013. The depression acceptance differed significantly according to rank between siblings, religion, school record, socioeconomic status, cohabitation, and stress resolving methods. There was a positive correlation between depression and the appearance satisfaction and the trends of personal relationship. 26.8% variance in depression was explained by the appearance, socioeconomic status, sympathy-acceptance, resistance-mistrust, body figure, and cohabitation. These findings may be useful for understanding depression in nursing college students and developing more specific personal interrelationship and depression programs.