• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.207-218
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• 1999

The increased number of elderly in Korea presents great challenges for community nutrition programs. Strategies to enhance elderly nutrition are needed, as well as dietary advice that are reality-based and tailored to the need of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall effectiveness of an elderly nutrition improvement program(ENIP), by assessing changes in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behavior after program completion. ENIP was conducted in Suwon for 4 months in 1998 at 5 centers for the elderly. The program provided individual nutrition counseling and brief biweekly group education sessions. To stimulate participation and motivation, the elderly in two centers were served free milk packs(200ml) three time a week during the program(milk＋education group), and the elderly in 3 other centers were served yoghurt on the program day(education group). Altogether, 102 subjects finished the program(milk＋education group 67 ; education group 35). Data about nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, diet records(24 hour recall) and dietary habit was collected before(baseline) and after the program(follow-up). The Drop-out rate for the milk＋education group(2.9%) was significantly lower than that for the education group(30.0%)(p<.001). The Nutrition Knowledge fo females milk＋education group increased significantly after the program, but no significant differences were observed in other groups. Over 60% of all the elderly showed positive responses to the healthy eating attitudes. Energy, protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, Calcium and Potassium intakes improved in the male milk＋education group. The Vitamin C intake improved in the male education group. Energy and vitamin A intakes improved in the female milk＋education group and energy, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Ca nad P in the female education group. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of food intake changes on overall nutrient quality. For all elderly, the fish intake explained 12.6% of the variance, followed by candy intake and vegetable intake(model $R^2$=19.6%). Dietary habits such as meal time regularity and salty food reduction were markedly improved in both groups. Sixty-one percent of the milk＋education subjects stated their participation was voluntary and active, while 51% of education subjects did. Sixty four percent of the subjects stated their interest on diet increased remarkably through program participation. Considering the results, it is conjectured that ENIP had a great impact on nutrient intake, dietary attitudes and habits. Milk supplement showed no direct effects on elderly nutrition improvement, but it encouraged the program by reducing drop-out rates and inducing voluntary participation. Therefore milk supplement could enhance the community nutrition education program. Moreover it is strongly suggested that the ENIP be expanded to other communities.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2023

This study investigates the effect of working hours on the dietary behaviors and dietary quality of male industrial workers employed in rotating shifts. The survey was conducted from February to March 2022, enrolling 209 male workers operating in rotational shifts at industries in the Chungcheongnam-do region. Eating behavior and health awareness were investigated during the morning shift, afternoon shift, and night shift for the same subjects. The shift timings were found to be associated with dietary behavior, which had an impact on the dietary quality of workers. Negative effects of shift timings on diet and health were also perceived by the shift workers. The frequency of alcohol consumption was high during the morning shift, and the frequency of night time snack intake was high during the afternoon shift. During the night shift, there was decreased vegetable intake and increased ramyeon intake. Compared to the morning shift, a significant decrease in dietary quality scores was found during the night shift. The workers recognized that rotating shift work negatively affected health, eating habits and sleep. There was a high demand for providing a variety of menus and healthy night snacks in the company cafeteria. When nutritional counseling and educational health services were provided, the willingness to participate was high. Therefore, to improve the health and dietary quality of shift workers, there is a need to provide diets suitable for the working environment and the characteristics, and to provide nutrition management services.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.979-989
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dietary behavior and temperament & character in preschool children, and to offer basic data that can be applied for nutrition education and counseling. A total of 211 parents of preschool children aged 3~5 years performed the Korean version of Preschool Temperament and Character Inventory (K-psTCI), a questionnaire based on Cloninger's seven-factor model of personality, along with a questionnaire about the dietary behaviors of their children. K-psTCI represented seven factors such as harm avoidance (HA), novelty seeking (NS), reward dependence (RD), persistence (P), self-directedness (SD), cooperativeness (CO), and self-transcendence (ST). The subjects were divided into either the high rank group or low rank group based on the mean score of each factor. The high rank group of HA showed significantly less physical activity and less appetite than the low rank group of HA. The children in the high rank of NS were more likely to have picky eating and a late night snack. The children in the low rank of SD or CO were more likely to have undesirable dietary behaviors, such as picky eating, too much snacking, and lower appetite than those in the high rank of SD or CO. In conclusion, individual temperament & character in preschool children may be associated with their dietary behavior, and understanding temperament & character in children may be important facts to screen and to develop an effective nutrition education program for children.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

This study was conducted to estimate the appropriate workforce of dietitians by type of kindergarten through the recognition survey and job analysis of the kindergarten. Nutritionists' duties were classified into 6 duties, 28 tasks and 94 task elements. The statistical data analysis was completed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (ver. 25.0). The time spent on 6 duties, including 'Nutrition management' (public attached 666.24 hours/year, public independent 843.04 hours/year), 'Foodservice management Practices' (public attached 1,472.52 hours/year, public independent 1,298.11 hours/year), 'Hygiene management of kindergarten foodservice' (public attached 611.78 hours/year, public independent 607.18 hours/year), 'Nutrition-diet education and counseling' (public attached 340.53 hours/year, public independent 253.42 hours/year), 'Managing snack during semesters and lunch/snacks during breaks' (public independent 309.04 hours/year) and 'Professionalism enhancement' (public attached 88.86 hours/year; public independent 65.17 hours/year). Total working hours for dietitians were 3,179.94 hours/year (public attached) and 3,375.97 hours/year (public independent). The time/day ×5 days/week ×52 weeks/year calculation method using derived total working hours/year was applied to derive appropriate full-time equivalents (FTEs). The analysis showed that the public attached kindergarten's FTEs were 1.53. The public independent's FTEs were 1.62, and the total FTEs were 1.55. This is the first study to analyze the workload of kindergarten dietitians and appropriate manpower by kindergarten establishment type. It is expected to be a valuable policy basis for efficient operation measures related to the kindergarten dietitians.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.402-411
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The role of a school's nutrition environment in explaining students' eating behaviors and weight status has not been examined in an Asian setting. The purpose of this study was to create a school nutrition environment index and to pilot test the index in elementary and middle schools in urban South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used a mixed-methods approach. Environment assessment tools were developed based on formative research, which comprised literature reviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Key elements from the formative research were included in the assessment tool, which consisted of a structured survey questionnaire for school dietitians. Fifteen school dietitians from 7 elementary and 8 middle schools in Seoul completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: The formative research revealed four main sections that guided a summary index to assess a school's nutrition environment: resource availability, education and programs, dietitians' perceptions and characteristics, and school lunch menu. Based on the literature reviews and interviews, an index scoring system was developed. The total possible score from the combined four index sections was 40 points. From the 15 schools participating in the pilot survey, the mean school nutrition-environment index was 22.5 (standard deviation ${\pm}3.2$; range 17-28). The majority of the schools did not offer classroom-based nutrition education or nutrition counseling for students and parents. The popular modes of nutrition education were school websites, posters, and newsletters. CONCLUSIONS: This paper illustrates the process used to develop an instrument to assess a school's nutrition environment. Moreover, it presents the steps used to develop a scoring system for creation of a school nutrition environment index. As pilot testing indicated the total index score has some variation across schools, we suggest applying this instrument in future studies involving a larger number of schools. Future studies with larger samples will allow investigation of the validity and reliability of this newly developed tool.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.776-782
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• 2010

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased over the past decades. A variety of factors are related to the development of atopic dermatitis, including genetics and environmental factors. The purpose of the study was to examine factors associated with severity of atopic dermatitis in 104 children aged 6-60 months. To investigate the association between severity and other factors children were divided into two groups, mild (n = 62) and severe (n = 42) groups, based on SCORAD index which measures the severity of atopic dermatitis. Results showed that family history, family's smoking, period of having AD and the levels of the serum total IgE were significantly higher in severe group. More than 6 months of breastfeeding and weaning after 6 month were not associated with severity of AD, but the number of food eliminated was associated with severity. Only vitamin C intake was significantly different by severity after adjusting for energy intake, family history, family’s smoking and period of having AD (p = 0.033). There was no association between the severity of atopic dermatitis and growth of children. This study concluded that the severity of atopic dermatitis was associated with family history, family’s smoking, period of having AD, children's serum total IgE, and vitamin C intakes. The result of this study should provide the significant information for better management of AD.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2015

In order to examine allergic disease experience rates of students at atopy and asthma friendly elementary schools located in Chungcheongnam-do and investigate their dietary behaviors, a survey on 250 parents of first to third grade students at four rural-type atopy and asthma friendly elementary schools was conducted. The number of students who had experienced allergic symptoms (allergic group) was 102 (40.8%). their breastfeeding duration was shorter than that of the non-allergic group (p<.001) and the former's weaning foods-feeding had started earlier than the latter's (p<.01). Regarding the eating habits, the non-allergic group was found to have breakfast and dinner better than the allergic group (p<.001). The number of students eating fruits as snacks was largest in the allergic group at 73 (71.6%), and as for the non-allergic group, their rate of eating fruits, milk and dairy products, and cookies and fries was at 25.7%, 22.3%, and 20.3%, respectively. A high percentage of the allergic group ate three times or less per month the animal food groups and dairy products (p<.001). Accordingly, for improvement in dietary behaviors of students who have allergy against food, nutrition education on regular eating, balanced intake of food, adequate intake of snacks and meals for proper growth and development and precise diagnosis of allergy-triggering food are necessary. In particular, as education on food allergy, implementation of practical education such as appropriate nutrition counseling by nutrition teachers is urgent beyond the one-way educational method of school newsletters.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.386-395
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• 2011

The purpose of this research was to study food behaviors and nutrient intakes according to body mass index(BMI) and body image recognition in 211 female university students in Incheon. The majority of the surveyed subjects were in the normal range for BMI. Most of these female university students preferred a thin body type and were not satisfied with their body shapes. Most also controlled their body weight for appearance by exercising and limiting food intake. The obese group often ate processed foods(p<0.01) and ate out(p<0.05). The underweight group and normal-weight group took vitamins and supplements more frequently(p<0.001). Those students who recognized their body image as a 'fat shape' had good appetites(p<0.05) and those who recognized themselves as 'normal shape' considered food formulations ate every meal (p<0.05) and consumed vitamins and other supplements frequently(p<0.01). The mean calorie intake of all students was about 80% of the recommend amount, so there was a risk of lack of various nutrients. The 'fat' students by body image recognition had lower calorie intakes in order to reduce body weight. In all the groups, there was a lack of vitamins $B_1$ and $B_2$, as well as the minerals Ca and Fe. Therefore, education on correct body image recognition and training on proper weight control are deemed necessary. In addition, education and counseling on nutrition that are tailored to individual status are needed.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2015

Relationship between lipid intake and obesity has been well-addressed but recent findings indicated that the type of lipid or composition of lipid in the diet also contributes to body fat accumulation and consequential health outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of nutrition intake including fatty acids, lipids and lipid soluble nutrients between the obese and lean college students and to analyze the relationship between the intake of certain fatty acids and body fat accumulation. Anthropometric elements including body weight, height, body fat and composition were measured, and dietary recall was conducted on a total of 114 college students. Data showed that total calorie intake and total lipid intake were not significantly different between the obese and lean subjects, in both male and female students. However, male obese subjects ate more amount of plant lipids and palmitic acids (C16:0) from their diet (p<0.05), while female obese subjects consumed more linoleic acids (18:2) and linolenic acids (C18:3) compared to normal subjects (p<0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that the consumption of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and lipid soluble vitamin D were negatively (p<0.05) correlated with body fat accumulation in all subjects and these findings were supported by simple linear regression analyses for those variables. These results implicate that rather than only considering the amount of lipids, suggesting a proper type of lipids or lipid metabolites can be considered in nutrition counseling or education.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutrition and health-related behavior on quality of life in some adolescents. Methods: The subjects of this study were total 243 middle school students in Deagu, Korea. A self-administrated questionnaires were used to obtain general characteristic, health-related behaviors, nutrition status, and quality of life. The height and weight of participants were measured, then calculated body mass index(BMI). To assess an association between nutrition and health-related behavior and quality of life, an univariate and multivariate analysis were applied using PASW Statistics 18(SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). Results: As the perceived general health and subjective happiness were better, there were a higher score for all subscales of quality of life. The adolescents, the highest of total intake of energy and overweight, were more likely to have lower quality of life score but there were no statistically significant. Factors related to the adolescents's quality of life were found to be gender, perceived general health, subjective happiness and physical activity. Conclusions: Various factors were related to quality of life in adolescents. To improved the quality of life in adolescent, it is need to develope a physical activity program and counseling of mental condition as well as adequate diet programs.