• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.828-835
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to examine the biochemical parameters of hepatic function such as serum level of ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), and content of TG (triglyceride) and cholesterol, and tissue immunological changes of the $CCl_4$-treated rats with administration of the mixed sample extract (MSE). The liver weight in $CCl_4$-administered experimental control group (EC) was slightly higher than that of normal control (NC) group. Hepatic damage parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH & TG) in serum of the EC group were significantly higher than those in serum of the NC and silymarin-treated positive control (PC) group. On the other hand, these hepatic damage parameters of MSE-treated experimental (E1 & E2) groups were significantly lower than those of EC group. The number of WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets, and the contents of hemoglobin, and hematocrit in EC group were significantly higher than those of NC group. However, the number of WBC and lymphocytes in E1 and E2 groups were significantly lower than those of EC group. Also, the collagen developmental areas in the liver of NC and PC groups by hepatic immuno-histological findings were found slightly positive. Whereas, hepatic fibrous developmental tissue of EC group was strongly positive brown color band, those of E1 & E2 groups were decreased. Therefore, it was concluded that the induction of hepatic fibrous tissue activation had a preventive effect of MSE against the $CCl_4$-induced hepatic damage in rats. However, further study is needed in this filed.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to assay the effect of neodymium oxide on the generation of reactive oxygen species and DNA oxidative damage by intratracheal instillation. Methods: Two groups of rats were exposed to neodymium oxide($Nd_2O_3$) via intratracheal instillation with doses of 0.5 mg and 2.0 mg, respectively. At two days and at 12 weeks after exposure, the contents of neodymium oxide in the lung, liver, kidney, heart and brain, leukocyte, olive tail moment, ROS, RNS, lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, cytokine and MDA from BALF were measured. Results: Neodymium oxide contents in the liver, kidney, heart, and brain were detected at less than $1{\mu}g/g$ tissue concentration. However, in the lungs at four weeks the highest amount were detected and then found to be drastically reduced at 12 weeks. ROS and RNS in bronchoalveolar lavage increased in concentration dependently at two days, four weeks and 12 weeks after neodymium oxide instillation. However, ROS and RNS decreased with the passage of time. At two days the total number of WBC in BALF in the high concentration group was significantly increased, and at four weeks the total number of WBC were significantly increased in the low and high concentration groups(p<0.01). At two days after exposure, the LDH of the low and high concentration groups was significantly increased. At 12 weeks, only the LDH of the high concentration group was significantly increased compared to in the control group(p<0.01). As a result of Comet assay, after two days, damage to the DNA of the low and high concentration groups was observed. Conclusions: Intratracheal instillation of neodymium oxide induces the generation of ROS and DNA damage in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pigmental reaction and blood components, such as white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, monocyte, red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, mean corpuscular index (mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)), hematocrit, platelet and neutrophil segment, after Cupping Glass Therapy (CGT). Subjects: Twenty-five healthy adults participated in this study; Methods: Subjects had undergone CGT for 5 days and were divided into two groups (dark color (DCG) and light color (LCG)) depending the level of pigmental reaction. Blood was collected from each subject at the beginning of this study and recollected after 5 day s'CGT. Results: The percentage of lymphocytes was higher in LCG than in DCG after CGT (p<.01) and was significantly increased in LCD after CGT (p<.01), The number of RBC was more in DCG than in LCG both before (p<.01) and after CGT (p<.05). The amount of hemoglobin was more in DCG than in LCG both before (p<.01) and after CGT (p<.01) and was significantly increased in LCD after CGT (p<.01). Mean corpuscular index showed that both MCH (p<.05) and MCHC (p<.01) were higher in DCG than in LCG after CGT, but only MCHC before CGT (p<.01). It also showed either decreased MCV (p<.01) or increased MCHC in LCD after CGT (p<.01). Hematocrite was higher in DCG than in LCG both before (p<.01) and after CGT (p<.01). The percentage of neutrophil segments was higher in BCG than In LCG after CGT (p<.01) and was significantly decreased in LCD after CGT (p<.05). However, neither the number of WBC and platelets nor the percentage of monocytes was significantly different between DCG and LCG either before or after CGT. Conclusion: Pigmental reaction was significantly related to the changes of blood conponents after CGT. The results of this study suggest that CGT may have an effect on the components of blood cells.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.139-154
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• 2006

Objective : This experimental study was carried out to investigate anti-coagulation effects and mechanism of Hongdeung-tang on the dissentimenated intravascular coagulation Methods : Each 10 rats were classified as normal gorup, control group and treated group. The control group was given a 0.5mg/ml endotoxin intra-vein injection and was occurred Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation(DIC). The treated group were orally administrated 1ml Hongdeung-tang concentration once a day for 6 days and then it was treated the same as the control group. We took the blood from heart and were investigated number of Platelet and white blood cell(WBC), fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin time(PT), activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), interleukin-6(IL-6), Tumor Necrosis $Factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$, Prostaglandin $E2(PGE_2)$ from them. Results : There were a statistically significant increase of platelet and fibrinogen concentration in the treated group compared to the treated group. The PT was a significantly reduced in treated group compared to the control group. There was no significant change in numbers of WBC and APTT between control and treated group. On the contrary, the number of PT, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ were significantly decreased in treated group compared to the control group. Conclusion : DIC which was occurred by endotoxin intravenous injection seems to related to the increase of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and Hongdeung-tang has an effect that supress those factors. we can assume Hongdeung-tang has an anti-coagulation effect by those supressing effect.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2008

Allergic asthma is a worldwide public health problem and a major socioeconomic burden disease. It is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by airway eosinophilia and goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus hypersecretion. Mouse models have proven as a valuable tool for studying human asthma. In the present report we describe a comparison of mouse asthma models. The experiments were designed as follows: Group I was injected with ovalbumin (OVA, i.p.) on day 1 and challenged with 1% OVA (aerosol exposure) on days $14{\sim}21$. Group II was injected on day 1, 14 and aerosol-immunized on days $14{\sim}21$. Group III was injected on day 1, 14 and immunized by 1% OVA aerosol on days $18{\sim}21$. We assessed asthma induction by determining the total number of white blood cells (WBC) and eosinophils as well as by measuring cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, we evaluated the histopathological changes of the lungs and determined the concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum. Total WBC, eosinophils, Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) and IgE were significantly increased in group I relative to the other groups. Moreover, histopathological studies show that group I mice show an increase in the infiltration of inflammatory cell-in peribronchial and perivascular areas as well as an overall increase in the number of mucus-containing goblet cells relative to other groups. These data suggest that group I can be a useful model for the study of human asthma pathobiology and the evaluation of existing and novel therapeutic agents.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2015

Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is an aromatic herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family. This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of oregano essential oil (OEO) on clinical bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and/or Escherichia (E.) coli. Thirty-two quarters from 18 lactating cows with subclinical mastitis were selected from a dairy farm and were divided into 4 groups (8 quarters/group): negative control (CON), positive control (GEN) and two OEO-treated groups (OEO-1 and OEO-2). Each group was intramammarily treated with saline, 10 g/tube of gentamicin ointment, and single and double doses of 0.9 mL OEO ointment twice a day for three days, respectively. After the treatments, physical udder conditions were greatly improved in GEN and OEO groups. In CON group, somatic cell counts (SCCs), number of white blood cells (WBC) and bacteria were increased. However, in OEO groups, SCCs and number of WBC were significantly decreased and S. aureus and E. coli were not detected in milk as compared with those before the treatments as well as GEN group. These results suggest that OEO may be a useful alternative to antibiotics for the control of subclinical bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus and/or E. coli.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2005

Purpose : There are various oriental medicine therapy of treating Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID) in clinics. We made the PID mice model by injection Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vagina, and investigate anti-inflammatory effects of Hongdeung-Tang among oral medication, retention enema therapy and herbal-acupuncture treatment. Method : The ICR(20-30g) mice(♀) were used. To examine the occurrence of inflammation, LPS in different concentration was injected into the vagina of the mice, and White Blood Cell(WBC) in blood was counted. To examine anti-inflammatory effects, 6 mice were assigned to each of the normal group, the control group and the sample group. Hongdeung-Tang was medicated in oral and rectal with 1.0g/kg low dose and 3.0g/kg high dose and by herbal acupucture for 5 days, 2 days before LPS injection. After 3days from LPS injection, blood was collected from retro-orbital plexus, and WBC, Interleukin-6(IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) in the blood was counted. Result : After LPS injection with each dose, WBC count showed significant increase depending on LPS concentration from $100{\mu}g/kg$, and it was maximized at 3 or 4 days after LPS injection. the Hongdeung-Tang treatment groups, The number of WBC was decreased significantly only in low dose and high dose oral medication, and IL-6 concentration showed significant decrease in oral and rectal medication as well as in herbal acupuncture treatment. TNF-${\alpha}$ concentration was decreased significantly in oral and rectal medication of low dose and high dose. herbal-acupuncture treatment group datas showed reductive tendency. Conclusion : Based on above results, we made the PID mice model by injection LPS in vagina, and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect of Hongdeung-Tang of oral medication, retention enema therapy and herbal-acupuncture treatment.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2001

골수이식 수술을 위해 10MV X-ray로 전신 방사선 치료 환자 중 18명을 무작위 추출하여 조사한 후 25일간 말초혈액의(백혈구, Seg. neutrophil, 임파구, 적혈구, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토치, GOT, GPT 등) 수치변화를 대조군 32명과 본인의 방사선 조사전과 비교하여, 고선량의 방사선 피폭이 인체의 말초혈액에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 말초혈액 변화 중 백혈구는 방사선 치료 전 검사 $2.51{\times}103{\pm}1.29{\times}103/mm^3$에 비해 $0.22{\times}103{\pm}0.19{\times}103/mm^3$로 최저 $8.63\%$을 나타냈고, 대조군 $7.17{\times}103/mm^3{\pm}1.46{\times}103/mm^3$에 비해서는 $6.35\%$로 낮은 수준을 나타내어 통계적인 유의성이 있었다(P<0.01, r2=0.9151). 백혈구 형태학적 검사 중 Seg. neutrophil은 조사 전 $69.00{\pm}25.60\%$에 비해 $14.17{\pm}21.60\%$로 최저 $20.53\%$수준으로 낮았고, 대조군 $58.09{\pm}7.62\%$에 비해서는 $24.39\%$ 수준으로 감소하였다(P<0.05, r2=0.6316). 임파구 수는 조사 전 $20.29408{\pm}21.15\%$에서 $79.91{\pm}27.30\%$로 최고 3.94배로 높게 나타났고, 대조군 $33.46{\pm}6.79\%$에 비해 2.39배 높게 나타났다(P<0.05, r2=0.7337). 적혈구 수의 변화는 조사 전 $3.18{\times}106{\pm}0.41{\times}106/mm^3$과 대조군 $4.66{\times}106{\pm}0.43{\times}106/mm^3$에 대해 낮은 수준을 나타냈으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다(P>0.05). 헤모글로빈과 헤마토치의 수치도 조사전과 대조군에 대한 비교에서도 낮게 나타났으나, 모두 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 그러나 조직학적 검사인 GOT와 GPT값은 조사전과 대조군에 비해 모두 통계적인 유의성이 있었다(P<0.05). 이와 같이 고선량의 방사선 전신 조사 후 말초 혈액 중 백혈구의 수치가 일정 기간에 급격 히 감소하였고, 백혈구 형태학적 검사중 Seg. neutriphil과 임파구수치도 현저하게 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과로 인체에 고선량의 방사선에 피폭되었을 때, 일반적인 말초혈액 검사를 이용하여 방사선 급성장해 유발 가능자를 1차 적으로 선별 할 수 있는 지표 개발 가능성을 제시하였다고 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2003

CLA를 급여시킨 돼지에 있어 말초 혈액 세포의 변화와 탐식세포의 탐식반응을 조사하였다. 100일령, 평균체 중 80kg인 거세 수퇘지에게 10t-l2c CLA와 CLA mixture를 각각 사료 중에 5% 첨가하여 총 4주간에 걸쳐 자유급여 시켰다. 급여 전 (0주), 급여 2주후, 4주후 그리고 급여 중지 후인 5주차에 각각 혈액세포 수치(PCV 백혈구수 및 백혈구 감별계산치)의 변화와 탐식세포의 탐식활성을 측정하였다. CLA의 급여 따른 PCV의 수치에 있어서는 아무런 변화가 없었다. 그러나 10t-l2c CLA 또는 CLA mixture가 함유된 사료를 급여한 돼지에 있어서 CLA를 급여하지 않은 돼지에 비해 백혈구수 특히 호중구 수가 현저히 증가하였다. 말초혈액 단핵구세포(mononuclear cells; MNC)와 다형핵백혈구(polymorphonuclear cells; PMN)의 탐식능를 유세포분석기로 분석한 결과, 10t-l2c CLA 또는 CLA mixture 급여와 상관없이 MNC와 단구세포들(monocyte-rich cells)의 탐식능에는 변화가 없었다. 그러나 PMN의 탐식 활성은 CLA 무급여 대조돼지들에 비해 CLA 급여군은 2주에서 5주차에 걸쳐 증가된 탐식능를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 돼지에 CLA 급여는 호중구수 증가와 호중구 탐식능 증가를 유도할 수 있음을 제시하였으며 향후 생체방어 증강을 위해 CLA를 임상적으로 투여할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.221-229
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• 1998

목 적 : 소아의 요로감염은 성인과 달리 비특이적이고 전신적인 증상이 많아 진단이 늦어질 수 있고 요로계 이상과 발견당시 이미 신 반흔이 증명되는 경우가 많아 적절한 치료를 하지 않으면 청소년기의 신부전, 고혈압, 성장부진 등의 심각한 후유증을 남길 수 있다. 특히 신장을 침범하는 상부요로감염에서 치명적인 후유증을 남기기 때문에 요 배양검사 결과가 나오기 전 임상에서 쉽게 할 수 있는 급성기 반응 지표들과 방사선학적 검사를 통해 상부요로감염을 예측하고 신속하게 치료를 시작함으로씨 합병증을 감소시키고 환자 보호자에게 치료기간과 치료 방침 등을 설명해 줌으로써 향후 치료 및 추적 검사시 도움을 얻고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1995년 l월부터 1998년 5월까지 단국대학교 병원 소아과에 입원한 환아 56명을 대상으로 입원 당시 급성기 반응지표(CRP, ESR, WBC), 농뇨와 발열정도를 정량적으로 분석하여 방광 요관 역류 정도와 함께 신초음파 및 $^{99m}TC$-DMSA 신주사와 비교 분석하였다. 통계처리는 chi-square (x2) test를 이용하였고 P<0.05를 유의한 기준으로 삼았다. 결 과 : 1) 요로감염은 l세 미만에서 남아의 발생 빈도수가 더 높았으나 l세 이후에는 여아에서 더 높았다. 2) 급성기 반응지표인 CRP, 백혈구의 수지가 높을수록 상부요로감염을 시사하였다{P<0.05). 3) 발열이 심할수록 상부요로감염을 시사하였다(P<0.05). 4) 농뇨가 심할수록 상부요로감염을 일으킬 확률이 높았다(P<0.05). 5) 방광 요관 역류정도가 심할수록 상부요로감염을 일으킬 확률이 높았다(P<0.05). 6) $^{99m}TC$-DMSA 신주사가 상부요로감염을 예측하는데 신초음파보다 더 유용하였다. 결 론 : 급성기 반응지표들과 발열의 정도, 농뇨, $^{99m}TC$-DMSA 신주사 소견 등으로 상부요로감염을 예측할 수 있고 신속한 치료로 합병증을 감소시킬 수 있으며 보호자에게 향후 치료기간과 치료방침을 설명함으로써 좋은 유대 관계 속에서 지속적인 치료 및 추적관찰을 하는데 도움이 되리라 사료된다.