• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of cervical Hyeopcheok(Jiaji) point for neck pain. Methods : The twenty-nine patients who feel neck pain, are chosen from chart review, received acupuncture treatment on cervical Hyeopcheok(Jiaji) point. The evaulation of progress was checked by NDI(neck disability index), and VAS(visual analog scale). Data were analyzed by Friedman two way analysis of variance and Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test. Results : NDI value(mean${\pm}$SD) was $17.76{\pm}8.26$(n=29) at the first visit, $13.41{\pm}8.04$(n=29) at 3days after treatment, $10.85{\pm}8.46$(n=26) at 5days, $11.00{\pm}7.80$(n=13) at 9days, $7.22{\pm}4.76$(n=9) at 15days, $3.86{\pm}4.06$(n=7) at 20days, and $3.33{\pm}3.78$(n=6) at 30days. VAS value(mean${\pm}$SD) was $4.07{\pm}1.33$(n=29) at the first visit, $12.97{\pm}1.05$(n=29) at 3days after treatment, $2.15{\pm}1.12$(n=26) at 5days, $2.15{\pm}0.99$(n=13) at 9days, $1.56{\pm}0.73$(n=9) at 15days, $1.29{\pm}0.49$(n=7) at 20days, and $0.83{\pm}0.41$(n=6) at 30days. The value of NDI and VAS gradually decreased. Repeated measurement results(the difference between the first visit and each measurement day) and the difference between before and after the interval(except between 5 and 9days, between 20 and 25days) were statistically significant. Conclusions : This result was shown that treatment of cervical Hyeopcheok(Jiaji) acupuncture point for neck pain can be effective. Further systematic research will be needed.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• 제15권2E호
• /
• pp.4-7
• /
• 1996

In this paper, we propose a formula to compute the exact autocorrelations of the autoregressive (AR) process. For an arbitrary value of N, we first review the Yule-Walker equation and some basic properties of the AR model. We then modify the Yule-Walker equation to construct a new system of N+1 linear equations that can be used to solve for the N+1 autocorrelation coefficients for lags 0, 1, …, N, provided that the AR parameters of order N and the power of the white noise of the AR process are given.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.97-101
• /
• 2010

(R)-N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl (DNB) phenylglycinol로 부터 만들어진 키랄 선택제가 라세미 Nacylnaphthylalkylamines의 분리에 HPLC 키랄 정지상으로 이용된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 (R)-phenylglycinol 유도체 키랄 선택제를 이용하여 키랄 크로마토그래피와 NMR 분광법에 의한 광학순도를 측정하였다. NMR과 HPLC 실험결과를 참값과 비교하여 각 광학순도 측정값의 정확도와 정밀도를 계산하였다. NMR 방법의 오차는 +2.2%, 평균 RSD는 4.54% 이었고, HPLC 방법의 오차는 -3.5%, 평균 상대표준편차는 3.23% 이었다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2001

Purpose : To evaluate the usefulness of the reconstructed 3-dimensional image on the personal computer in comparison with that of the CT workstation by quantitative comparison and analysis. Materials and Methods : The spiral CT data obtained from 27 persons were transferred from the CT workstation to a personal computer, and they were reconstructed as 3-dimensional image on the personal computer using V-works 2.0/sup TM/. One observer obtained the 14 measurements on the reconstructed 3-dimensional image on both the CT workstation and the personal computer. Paired Nest was used to evaluate the intraobserver difference and the mean value of the each measurement on the CT workstation and the personal computer. Pearson correlation analysis and % incongruence were also performed. Results: I-Gn, N-Gn, N-A, N-Ns, B-A, and G-Op did not show any statistically significant difference (p>0.05), B-O, B-N, Eu-Eu, Zy-Zy, Biw, D-D, Orbrd R, and L had statistically significant difference (p<0.05), but the mean values of the differences of all measurements were below 2 mm, except for D-D. The value of correlation coefficient y was greater than 0.95 at I-Gn, N-Gn, N-A, N-Ns, B-A, B-N, G-Op, Eu-Eu, Zy-Zy, and Biw, and it was 0.75 at B-O, 0.78 at D-D, and 0.82 at both Orbrd Rand L. The % incongruence was below 4% at I-Gn, N-Gn, N-A, N-Ns, B-A, B-N, G-Op, Eu-Eu, Zy-Zy, and Biw, and 7.18%, 10.78%, 4.97%, 5.89% at B-O, D-D, Orbrd Rand L respectively. Conclusion : It can be considered that the utilization of the personal computer has great usefulness in reconstruction of the 3-dimensional image when it comes to the economics, accessibility and convenience, except for thin bones and the landmarks which are difficult to be located.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권12호
• /
• pp.2039-2049
• /
• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to provide models to accurately predict nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) excretion of dairy cows on smallholder farms in Indonesia based on readily available farm data. Methods: The generic model in this study is based on the principles of the Lucas equation, describing the relation between dry matter intake (DMI) and faecal N excretion to predict the quantity of faecal N (Q_FN). Excretion of urinary N and faecal P were calculated based on National Research Council recommendations for dairy cows. A farm survey was conducted to collect input parameters for the models. The data set was used to calibrate the model to predict Q_FN for the specific case. The model was validated by comparing the predicted quantity of faecal N with the actual quantity of faecal N (Q_FNACT) based on measurements, and the calibrated model was compared to the Lucas equation. The models were used to predict N and P excretion of all 144 dairy cows in the data set. Results: Our estimate of true N digestibility equalled the standard value of 92% in the original Lucas equation, whereas our estimate of metabolic faecal N was -0.60 g/100 g DMI, with the standard value being -0.61 g/100 g DMI. Results of the model validation showed that the R² was 0.63, the MAE was 15 g/animal/d (17% from Q_FNACT), and the RMSE was 20 g/animal/d (22% from Q_FNACT). We predicted that the total N excretion of dairy cows in Indonesia was on average 197 g/animal/d, whereas P excretion was on average 56 g/animal/d. Conclusion: The proposed models can be used with reasonable accuracy to predict N and P excretion of dairy cattle on smallholder farms in Indonesia, which can contribute to improving manure management and reduce environmental issues related to nutrient losses.

• 한국언론정보학보
• /
• 제38권
• /
• pp.7-39
• /
• 2007

이 논문에서는 한국을 대표할 수 있는 기업인 삼성의 브랜드가치를 평가해보고, 글로벌 기업이 되기까지의 과정과 삼성의 국가 이미지가 어떻게 변화하고 있는지를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 글로벌 기업이 국가 이미지에 미치는 영향과 함께 국가가 자국의 글로벌 기업에게 끼치는 영향에 대해서 심층 설문평가를 통해 분석하고, 나아가 국가와 기업 간의 상호 협력의 중요성에 대해서 논의하고, 아울러 이전의 설문조사 방식에서 면밀히 분석하지 않고 간과하기 쉬운 개인의 사고나 느낌 같은 주관적 행위를 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는 Q방법론을 도입하여 좀 더 다각적인 방향에서 분석을 꾀하였다. 결과적으로, 21세기 디지털 시대에서의 글로벌 기업의 성장은 곧 한국 브랜드 가치의 성장이며, 나아가 세계로 전진할 수 있는 국내 글로벌 기업들에게 긍정적인 원산지효과를 전해줄 수 있는 계기를 제공하였음을 직시할 수 있었다. 이를 뒷받침해주는 분석으로 Q결과에서는 크게 3가지 유형, 즉 첫째, 제1유형(N=10)은 국내 주도적 유형(Nation-Leading Type), 둘째, 제2유형(N=6)은 국제적 우위 유형(International Superiority Type), 셋째, 제3유형(N=4)은 전형적인 영향 유형(Typical Influence Type) 등으로 분류되었는데, 이와 같은 결과는 삼성이라는 글로벌 기업의 브랜드 가치와 국가 이미지에 있어서 '후광효과'와 '원산지효과'에 적정한 국내외적 파급 역량을 잘 반영하고 있음을 확인해주는 의미 있는 결과라고 볼 수 있다.

• Advances in materials Research
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.221-232
• /
• 2024

Waste tire management and recycling have grown to be significant issues because they bring up a global environmental concern. Thus, turning recycled waste tires into useful products may help tackle the environmental issue. This research aims to study and compare the effect of recycled carbon black (rCB) and commercial carbon black (CB) at certain 15 vol. % of filler loading on the mechanical, thermal, morphology and electrical properties of epoxy/CB composites. For this project, epoxy resin, diethyltoluenediamine (DETDA), recovered carbon black (rCB) and commercial carbon black (CB) graded N330, N550, N660 and N774 were mixed and compared accordingly to the formulation determined. The CB content was dispersed in the epoxy matrix using the mechanical mixing technique. The distribution and dispersion of CB in the epoxy matrix affect the characteristics of the conductive composites. rCB content at 15 vol% was selected at fixed content for comparison purposes due to the optimum value in electrical conductivity results. The flexural strength results followed the sequence of rCB>N774>N660>N550>N330. As for electrical conductivity results, epoxy/N330 exhibited the highest conductivity value, while the others achieved a magnitude of X10^-3 due to the highest external surface area of N330. In terms of thermal stability, epoxy/N330 and epoxy/N774 were slightly more stable than epoxy/rCB.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.513-528
• /
• 1997

A sort sequence $S_n$ is a sequence of all unordered pairs of indices in $I_n\;=\;{1,\;2,v...,\;n}$. With a sort sequence Sn we assicuate a sorting algorithm ($AS_n$) to sort input set $X\;=\;{x_1,\;x_2,\;...,\;x_n}$ as follows. An execution of the algorithm performs pairwise comparisons of elements in the input set X as defined by the sort sequence $S_n$, except that the comparisons whose outcomes can be inferred from the outcomes of the previous comparisons are not performed. Let $X(S_n)$ denote the acverage number of comparisons required by the algorithm $AS_n$ assuming all input orderings are equally likely. Let $X^{\ast}(n)\;and\;X^{\circ}(n)$ denote the minimum and maximum value respectively of $X(S_n)$ over all sort sequences $S_n$. Exact determination of $X^{\ast}(n),\;X^{\circ}(n)$ and associated extremal sort sequenes seems difficult. Here, we obtain bounds on $X^{\ast}(n)\;and\;X^{\circ}(n)$.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2017

Due to the high saturation magnetization (~2.4 T), $Fe_{16}N_2$ is interesting for the thin film application such as an actuator, data record storage and sensor etc. In this study, Fe-N thin films were deposited on Si(001) substrate with various power and deposition time by DC magnetron sputtering, in order to get high portion of $Fe_{16}N_2$ phase. Surface morphology, phase formation and magnetic properties were measured. As a result, Saturation magnetization and Remanence magnetization reach to ~2.45 T and 1.41T. But, Coercivity was not enough in this experiments. Its value lower than 100 Oe. Which is very close to theoretical value.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.100-108
• /
• 2017

In this investigation corrosion behavior of newly developed high-pressure die cast Al-Ni (N15) and Al-Ni-Ca (NX1503) alloys was studied in 3.5% NaCl solution. The electrochemical corrosion behavior was evaluated using open circuit potential (OCP) measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization results validated that NX1503 alloy exhibited lower corrosion current density ($i_{corr}$) value ($5.969{\mu}A/cm^2$) compared to N15 ($7.387{\mu}A/cm^2$). EIS-Bode plots revealed a higher impedance (${\mid}Z{\mid}$) value and maximum phase angle value for NX1503 than N15 alloy. Equivalent circuit curve fitting analysis revealed that surface layer ($R_1$) and charge transfer resistance ($R_{ct}$) values of NX1503 alloy was higher compared to N15 alloy. Immersion corrosion studies were also conducted for alloys using fishing line specimen arrangement to simultaneously measure corrosion rates from weight loss ($P_W$) and hydrogen volume ($P_H$) after 72 hours and NX1503 alloy had lower corrosion rate compared to N15 alloy. The addition of Ca to N15 alloy significantly reduced the Al3Ni intermetallic phase and further grain refinement may be attributed for reduction in the corrosion rate.