• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of art therapy to control fatigue in cancer patients during course of radiotherapy and its impact on quality of life (QoL). Materials and Methods: Fifty cancer patients receiving radiotherapy received weekly art therapy sessions using famous painting appreciation. Fatigue and QoL were assessed using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) Scale and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) at baseline before starting radiotherapy, every week for 4 weeks during radiotherapy, and at the end of radiotherapy. Mean changes of scores over time were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. Results: Of the 50 patients, 34 (68%) participated in 4 sessions of art therapy. Generalized linear mixed models testing for the effect of time on mean score changes showed no significant changes in scores from baseline for the BFI and FACIT-F. The mean BFI score and FACIT-F total score changed from 3.1 to 2.7 and from 110.7 to 109.2, respectively. Art therapy based on the appreciation of famous paintings led to increases in self-esteem by increasing self-realization and forming social relationships. Conclusion: Fatigue and QoL in cancer patients with art therapy do not deteriorate during a period of radiotherapy. Despite the single-arm small number of participants and pilot design, this study provides a strong initial demonstration that art therapy of appreciation for famous painting is worthy of further study for fatigue and QoL improvement. Further, it can play an important role in routine practice in cancer patients during radiotherapy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.745-753
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• 2005

Purpose. The purposes of this study were to 1) describe the type and frequency of aggressive behavior of cognitively impaired nursing home resident, 2) develop a caregiver training program on prevention and management of aggressive behavior, 3) examine the effects of caregiver training program on the incidence of aggressive behavior of cognitively impaired nursing home resident, and 4) examine the effects of caregiver training program on nursing staff's aggressive behavior management skills. Methods. One-group, time series, quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and two post- tests was used. Data were collected from cognitively impaired home residents (N = 32) and nursing staff (N = 36) in a proprietary nursing home using Ryden Aggression Scale I, II, and Aggressive Behavior Management Scale. Data were entered and analyzed by descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. Results. Incidence of aggressive behavior was high with a mean score of 3.09 (SD = 3.11) at baseline. Caregiver training program was developed based on Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold (PLST) model and gerontological and psychiatric literature. The mean scores of aggressive behavior at baseline, Post I, and II did not differ significantly although the difference approached to the significant level (F = 2.925, p = .066). Nursing staff's aggressive behavior management skills increased at Post I, and at Post II when compared to baseline, and the difference was significant (F=12.736, p=<.00l). Conclusion. Caregiver training program showed potential impact on reduction of aggressive behavior in elders with cognitive impairment and was effective in increasing nursing staff's aggressive behavior management skills.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.2064-2071
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• 2020

For proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) technology, the accuracy of the dose distribution in a patient is sensitive to the properties of the incident beam. However, mechanical deformation of the proton therapy facility may occur, and this could be an important factor affecting the proton dose distribution in patients. In this paper, we investigated the effect of deformation on an SC200 proton facility's beam isocenter properties. First, mechanical deformation of the PBS nozzle, L-shape plate, and gantry were simulated using a Finite Element code, ANSYS. Then, the impact of the mechanical deformation on the beam's isocenter properties was evaluated using empirical formulas. In addition, we considered the simplest case that could affect the properties of the incident beam (i.e. if only the bending magnet (BG3) has an error in its mounting alignment), and the effect of the beam optics offset on the isocenter characteristics was evaluated. The results showed that the deformation of the beam position in the X and Y direction was less than 0.27 mm, which meets the structural design requirements. Compared to the mechanical deformation of the L-shape plate, the deformation of the gantry had more influence on the beam's isocenter properties. When the error in the mounting alignment of the BG3 is equal to or more than 0.3 mm, the beam deformation at the isocenter exceeds the maximum accepted deformation limits. Generally speaking, for the current design of the SC200 scanning beam delivery system, the effects of mechanical deformation meet the maximum accepted beam deformation limits. In order to further study the effect of the incident beam optics on the isocenter properties, a fine-scale Monte Carlo model including factors relating to the PBS nozzle and the BG3 should be developed in future research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2010

The flow and noise characteristics of wake behind wind-turbine blades have been investigated experimentally using a two-frame particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. Experiments were carried out in a POSTECH subsonic large wind-tunnel ($1.8^W{\times}1.5^H{\times}4.3^L\;m^3$) with KBP-750D (3-blade type) wind-turbine model at a freestream velocity of $U_o\;=\;15\;m/s$ and a tip speed ratio $\lambda\;=\;6.14$ (2933 rpm). The wind-turbine blades are connected to an AC servo motor, brake, encoder and torque meter to control the rotational speed and to extract a synchronization signal for PIV measurements. The wake flow was measured at four azimuth angles ($\phi\;=\;0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$) of the wind-turbine blade. The dominant flow structure of the wake is large-scale tip vortices. The turbulent statistics such as turbulent intensity are weakened as the flow goes downstream due to turbulent dissipation. The dominant peak frequency of the noise signal is identical to the rotation frequency of blades. The noise seems to be mainly induced by the tip vortices.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 2022

In this study, an electronics industrial wastewater activated sludge model (e-ASM) to be used as a Water Digital Twin was calibrated based on real high-tech electronics industrial wastewater treatment measurements from lab-scale and pilot-scale reactors, and examined for its treatment performance, effluent quality prediction, and optimal process selection. For specialized modeling of a high-tech electronics industrial wastewater treatment system, the kinetic parameters of the e-ASM were identified by a sensitivity analysis and calibrated by the multiple response surface method (MRS). The calibrated e-ASM showed a high compatibility of more than 90% with the experimental data from the lab-scale and pilot-scale processes. Four electronics industrial wastewater treatment processes-MLE, A2/O, 4-stage MLE-MBR, and Bardenpo-MBR-were implemented with the proposed Water Digital Twin to compare their removal efficiencies according to various electronics industrial wastewater characteristics. Bardenpo-MBR stably removed more than 90% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and showed the highest nitrogen removal efficiency. Furthermore, a high concentration of 1,800 mg L^-1 T MAH influent could be 98% removed when the HRT of the Bardenpho-MBR process was more than 3 days. Hence, it is expected that the e-ASM in this study can be used as a Water Digital Twin platform with high compatibility in a variety of situations, including plant optimization, Water AI, and the selection of best available technology (BAT) for a sustainable high-tech electronics industry.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-97
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• 2016

This is the second of two papers on the 3D numerical modeling of nearshore hydro- and morphodynamics. In Part I, the focus was on surf and swash zone hydrodynamics in the cross-shore and longshore directions. Here, we consider nearshore processes with an emphasis on the effects of oceanic forcing and beach characteristics on sediment transport in the cross- and longshore directions, as well as on foreshore bathymetry changes. The Delft3D and XBeach models were used with four turbulence closures (viz., ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$, ${\kappa}-L$, ATM and H-LES) to solve the 3D Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flow as well as the beach morphology. The sediment transport module simulates both bed load and suspended load transport of non-cohesive sediments. Twenty sets of numerical experiments combining nine control parameters under a range of bed characteristics and incident wave and tidal conditions were simulated. For each case, the general morphological response in shore-normal and shore-parallel directions was presented. Numerical results showed that the ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ and H-LES closure models yield similar results that are in better agreement with existing morphodynamic observations than the results of the other turbulence models. The simulations showed that wave forcing drives a sediment circulation pattern that results in bar and berm formation. However, together with wave forcing, tides modulate the predicted nearshore sediment dynamics. The combination of tides and wave action has a notable effect on longshore suspended sediment transport fluxes, relative to wave action alone. The model's ability to predict sediment transport under propagation of obliquely incident wave conditions underscores its potential for understanding the evolution of beach morphology at field scale. For example, the results of the model confirmed that the wave characteristics have a considerable effect on the cumulative erosion/deposition, cross-shore distribution of longshore sediment transport and transport rate across and along the beach face. In addition, for the same type of oceanic forcing, the beach morphology exhibits different erosive characteristics depending on grain size (e.g., foreshore profile evolution is erosive or accretive on fine or coarse sand beaches, respectively). Decreasing wave height increases the proportion of onshore to offshore fluxes, almost reaching a neutral net balance. The sediment movement increases with wave height, which is the dominant factor controlling the beach face shape.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.44-56
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• 1993

The situation and the problems of the management of public forest owend by Kangweon provincial and Taebaek municipal govenments were investigated throughout literature and field survey. The results were as follows; 1. Kangweon provincial forest is 25,896ha and Taebaek municipal forest is 550ha, which consists of Kangweon provincial forest, 470ha and municipal forest, 80ha. Taebaek city is responsible for the management of the province-owned forest in its administrative district in addition to its own forest. 2. Except San 1-2Changjookdong (443ha) which is leased by Dai Han Coal. Coporation for mining coal, the remaining forest (107ha) consists of 32 scattered, small-area forest lands. 3. Due to small area and dispersal of municipal forest, the management base for forest production is not sound and the management at present is nearly absent. Based on these actual conditions, the following suggestions are provided for the rationalization for the municipal forest management. First, scattered, small-scale forests should be gathered to prepare a management complex. Second, the sustaining production of timber should be attained through the estblishment of systematic management plan. Third, the reasonable system for forest land utiliztion shoule be established in consideration of the recreational use of public forest.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1268-1271
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• 2006

This paper introduces what amount of railway vibration level observed from residential area. Five residential area located near the railway were selected to measure the vibration levels generated by the different types of Korean railway vehicles. Those 3-axis vibration measurements are applied to the frequency-dependent weighting functions recommended by ISO 2631-2, which are used to evaluate the 3-axis combined vibration levels such as peak levels, L 10 levels and root-mean-squared values. These evaluated results are shown to indicate the environmental vibration severity for the different residential area. In addition to those physical vibration measurements, the survey of subjective responses of residents was also carried out by distributing the questionnaire suggested by WHO. The questionnaire includes the subjective scales for assessing the annoyance and the sleep-disturbance caused by the environmental vibration. The statistical analysis results collected from 386 respondents are introduced. The highly annoyed population and the highly sleep-disturbed one are examined to identify the .elation between their subjective scale and their corresponding environmental vibration levels. These attempts are shown to lead to the salient model to relate the environmental vibration level and the subjective responses of Korean residents to annoyance and sleep-disturbance.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of anxiety, depression, social support, and physical health status on the health-related quality of life of Korean pregnant women using Spilker's quality of life model. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a correlational design. The participants included 166 pregnant women who were recruited via convenience sampling at two healthcare centers in South Korea. Questionnaires were collected from April 22 to May 29, 2023, in two cities in South Korea. The EuroQol-5D-3L, General Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, Perceived Social Support through Others Scale-8, and EuroQol visual analog scale were used to assess the study variables. The t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression tests were conducted using IBM SPSS ver. 26.0. Results: Statistically significant correlations were identified between the health-related quality of life of pregnant women and anxiety (r=.29, p<.001), depression (r=.31, p<.001), social support (r=-.34, p<.001), and physical health status (r=-.44, p<. 001). Physical health status (β=-.31, p<.001) and social support (β=-.21, p=.003) had the greatest effect on health-related quality of life (F=15.50, p<.001), with an explanatory power of 26.0%. Conclusion: The health-related quality of life of pregnant women was affected by social support and physical health status. This study demonstrated that physical health and social support promotion can improve the health-related quality of life of pregnant women. Healthcare providers should consider integrating physical health into social support interventions for pregnant women in the post-pandemic era.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Nonthermal plasma-driven catalysis (PDC) was investigated for the decomposition of benzene and toluene as model compounds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. Two types of catalysts Ag/$TiO_{2}$ and Pt/$\gamma-Al_{2}O_{3}$ were tested in this study. The amount of catalysts packed in the PDC reactor did not influence on the decomposition efficiency of benzene. The type of catalysts also had no influence on the decomposition efficiency of toluene and carbon balance. The Ag/$TiO_{2}$ catalyst showed constant $CO_{2}$ selectivity of about $73\%$ regardless of the specific input energy. However, the selectivity of $CO_{2}$ was greatly enhanced with the Pt/$\gamma-Al_{2}O_{3}$ catalysts, and reached $97\%$ at 205 J/L. Two test runs with 20 fold difference in the gas flow clearly indicated that lab-scale data can be successfully applied for the scaling-up of PDC system.