• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2023

We validated the physiological activity of Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.M. Cowan & Cowan (S. claviflorum) extracts (leaves, stems, fruits, and flowers) as a cosmetic ingredient. Firstly, S. claviflorum extracts removed over 80% of free radicals at various concentrations in antioxidant experiments using the DPPH and ABTS assay. In cytotoxicity experiments using human epidermal keratinocytes, S. claviflorum extracts showed low cytotoxicity. In addition, S. claviflorum extracts significantly increased the expression of keratin (KRT)1, KRT2, KRT9, KRT10, which are differentiation markers of keratinocytes, as well as genes involved in the maintenance of skin barrier function, including involucrin (IVL), loricrin (LOR), filaggrin (FLG), and claudin1 (CLDN1). In particular, the expression of FLG protein, inhibited by interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 in atopic dermatitis, was restored by S. claviflorum extracts in in vitro experiments. Therefore, S. claviflorum extracts with excellent antioxidant efficacy and skin barrier improvement function will be useful materials for the development of future atopic dermatitis treatments and cosmetics.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 2023

Apple grower in the Cheongsong region, Korea has reported the increased loss of apple yield due to severe bitter rot incidence. We noticed that this indience is because the Colletotrichum population has developed resistance to commonly used fungicides. We isolated 39 Colletotrichum isolates from 13 orchards in Cheongsong, and all the isolated Colletotrichum species were identified as C. siamense or C. fructicola. These 39 strains were tested for mycelial growth and conidial germination against 12 fungicides. trifloxystrobin (30-55% in recommended concentrations) was shown lower inhibitory effect on mycelial growth. However, the inhibition of conidial germination was shown higher than mycelial growth (62-100%). Kresoxim-methyl was shown lower inhibitory effect on mycelial growth (29-55%). conidial germination inhibitory effect was shown 51% to 96%. dithianon was shown diversity response to inhibition of mycelial growth (43-100%). Tebuconazole was shown high inhibitory effect on mycelial growth (84-100%) and conidial germination inhibitory effect was shown to be 64 to 100%. metconazole has been found to display with high inhibitory effect on mycelial growth (79-100%) and conidial germination (70-80%). fluazinam was shown to possess high inhibitory effect on mycelial growth (87-100%) and conidial germination (94-100%). This study provides basic information for the effective management of apple bitter rot.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.194-198
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• 2024

Pathogens of fire blight can survive for a long time on pruning tools, etc., and fire blight can be spread through agricultural implements. In particular, in Korea, pruning is frequently performed to remove flowers, immature fruits, and succulent shoots, and this farm work is known to be a major factor of the spread of fire blight. Therefore, in this study, in order to completely sterilize pathogens on pruning shears, we verified the disinfection effect of disinfectants distributed domestically and used them to identify an effective disinfection method. When disinfecting by immersion after inoculating Erwinia amylovora TS3128 on the scissor blade, 70% ethanol and 1% and 0.2% sodium hypochlorite sterilized immediately 10 sec after immersion, while 30% chlorine dioxide showed little disinfection effect. When disinfecting by spraying, 70% ethanol sterilized bacteria 1 sec after spraying, but 1% and 0.2% sodium hypochlorite disinfected bacteria after 10 and 60 sec, respectively. After cutting the naturally disease occurring branches five and 100 times, the bacteria were not hardly sterilized in immersion treatment in 70% ethanol for 30 sec but perfectly disinfected over 60 sec. Considering these results, pruning shears should be disinfected by frequently immersing them in 70% ethanol for at least 60 sec during pruning work in the field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.1226-1233
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• 2015

The intake patterns and attitudes towards development of functional kimchi among middle and high school students in Busan area were studied. Nine hundred respondents, consisting of middle and high school students, were surveyed. A total of 833 completed copies of the questionnaire were used in this research. Respondents preferred kimchi due to its 'ot taste' (49.2%) and 'alty taste' (17.9%), but they did not like kimchi due to its 'our taste' (33.8%) and 'eotgal taste' (22.9%). Most students (64.3%) consumed kimchi at home, 68.1% of students ate kimchi more than twice a day, and 27.4% of students consumed 3~4 pieces (size of a piece: $3{\timess}4cm$) of kimchi per meal. Students showed a strong desire to develop kimchi with a good taste at school food services (65.1%). They also showed intentions to increase intake of kimchi if 'aste of kimchi' (80.6%), and 'ealth functionality of kimchi' (65.2%) are strengthened. Students wanted kimchi to contain the following fruits: pears (41.3%), apples (24.6%) and pineapples (10.3%). Finally, students showed a desire to develop kimchi that helps growth and development (59.5%), weight loss (40.4%), and learning ability improvement (32.8%). This study concludes that it is necessary to increase kimchi intake in school foodservices by developing new kimchi recipes that meet students' desires and by educating students about the health benefits of kimchi.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2006

We optimized conditions of extract solvents and elution solvents for total aflatoxins in foods using HPLC/FLD. The extract solvent was 70% methanol solution including 1% NaCl and the 3 mL of acetonitrile was used as elution solvent using immnuoaffinity column. The detection limits (LOD) was 0.05 ng/g. The recoveries for total aflatoxins ($B_1,\;B_2,\;G_1\;and\;G_2$) studied in foods were cereals ($74.1{\sim}95.5%,\;83.7{\sim}98.8%,\;80.4{\sim}102.4%,\;72.8{\sim}76.5%$), pulses ($85.8{\sim}87.5%,\;83.8{\sim}90.7%,\;92.0{\sim}94.5%,\;60.6{\sim}65.6%$), nuts ($84.6{\sim}97.1%,\;86.0{\sim}94.1%,\;95.5{\sim}111.5%,\;71.0{\sim}89.9%$), processed foods ($81.5{\sim}87.1%,\;82.8{\sim}85.8%,\;85.4{\sim}92.7%,\;68.9{\sim}76.4%$), dried fruits ($83.6{\sim}93.5%,\;78.1{\sim}90.4%,\;93.0{\sim}108.5%,\;64.9{\sim}78.5%$) and other foods ($72.5{\sim}98.3%,\;73.1{\sim}96.4%,\;83.5{\sim}107.2%,\;64.2{\sim}75.8%$), respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1619-1626
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• 2010

This study was conducted to compare eating habits and food preferences of Korean and Japanese female college students in some areas of the two countries. The subjects were 365 Korean students and 313 Japanese students. The survey was done in every May for three years from 2006 to 2008. Eating habits and food preferences were investigated by questionnaire. The results were as follows. There was no significant difference in body weight, but Korean students were taller and they ate out more frequently than Japanese students. Both Korean students and Japanese students liked meat, milk and milk products better than fishes. Also, they liked fruits better than vegetables. Korean students had lower preferences for fish, beans and bean products, vegetables, and seaweed than Japanese students. In conclusion, Korean students seem to be exposed to risk factors to health more than Japanese students, because they had less desirable eating habits and food preferences, and were less active than Japanese students. Therefore Korean students might need to change their eating habits and food preferences into more desirable ones for their good health.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.585-592
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 1-MCP, an ethylene action inhibitor, and several postharvest treatments including ethylene scrubbing on fruit quality and respiration for keeping marketability in 'Janhowon Hwangdo' peach ($Prunus$ $persica$ Batsch). 1-MCP at the rate of $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ showed best results in maintenance of fruit firmness and external appearance such as skin color. The ethylene production was strongly reduced by 1-MCP treatment at 0.5 or $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ but respiration rate was only suppressed at $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during 6 days of shelf life at $20^{\circ}C$. Mature fruits (harvested 1 week before full commercial maturity) were much highly responsive to $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of 1-MCP compared to those of commercial maturity. At the concentration of $0.5{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of 1-MCP did not affect fruit marketability compared to untreated control. Beneficial effects of carbon ceramic as an ethylene scrubber were also found such as delay of firmness loss and deterioration of external appearance at $10^{\circ}C$, but these positive effects on fruit quality remained for only 5 days. The application of ethylene scrubber on the shipping carton boxes was effective on keeping firmness of immature fruit pretreated with 1-MCP when compared with mature fruit.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to monitor residual pesticides in domestic agricultural products and to assess their risk to human health. METHODS AND RESULTS: 123 samples containing both general and environment-friendly certified agricultural products were purchased from traditional domestic markets and supermarkets in six provinces of Korea. Multiresidue analyses of one hundred twenty-two pesticides except for herbicides were performed with gas chromatography-electron capture detector, gas chromatography-nitrogen/phosphorus detector, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Sixteen pesticides were detected in 45 agricultural product samples, which were 38 general, 6 low pesticide and 1 of GAP agricultural product samples and the detection rate was 33.6%. Pesticides detected in agricultural product samples were cypermethrin, lufenuron, fenvalerate, bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr and iprodione. Residual concentration of 18 samples were exceeded the recommended maximum residue limit set by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and two kinds of unregistered pesticides in korea were also detected in two samples. CONCLUSION(S): In order to do risk assessment by agricultural products consumption, estimated daily intake of residual pesticides were determined and compared to acceptable daily intake, referring to %ADI values. The range of %ADI values was from 0.038% to 2.748%. Taken together, it demonstrates the pesticides found in agricultural products samples were below the safety margin, indicating no effect on human health.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.173-180
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• 2004

This study aims to investigate the effects of hydrogen peroxide and grapefruit seed extract used as a chemical and natural disinfectants on human conjunctival cells in vitro. The main component of grapefruit seed extract is a narigin. It is one of the flavonoid types in citrus fruits and f1avonoids are widely recognized as naturally occurring(삭제) antioxidants. Cytotoxicity was determined by mitochondrial activity(MTT assay) and DNA damage was analyzed by measuring Comet assay. In LDH assay, 5% of grapefruits seed extract has been observed as a material is giving recovery effect of damaged cultured conjuctival cells by hydrogen peroxide. And also, each of concentrations has been treated simultaneously with same amounts and cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide and grapefruit seed extract have been estimated by LDH leakage assay after 24 hours. In conclusion, H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis were Significantly prevented by grapefruit seed extract. It is a main component of bioflavonoids that we can simply take it as food. The present results suggest that grapefruit seed extract is a useful disinfectanct having antioxidant and antiapoptopic activity as a natural product.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.428-438
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• 2008

Choline is important for normal membrane function, acetylcholine synthesis and methyl group metabolism. In this study, 185 food items customarily eaten by Koreans were selected from the data of the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey and analyzed on the total choline content of the foods using enzymatic method of choline oxidase. Foods with high choline concentration (mg/100 g) were listed in sequence of quail egg (476.04 mg), dried squid (452.42 mg), beef liver (427.16 mg), pork liver (424.92 mg), tuna canned in oil (414.44 mg), boiled and dried anchovy (381.30 mg), dried Alaskan pollack (378.88 mg), chicken egg (309.88 mg), chicken liver (259.38 mg), soybean (238.62 mg), French bread with garlic (193.18 mg) and barley (183.73 mg). From this result, it is shown that dried fishes, prepared fishes, livers, eggs, pulses and cereals might be categorized as high choline food. Citron tea and green tea showed low choline content below 1 mg. Vegetables and fruits were also categorized into low choline food. No choline was detected in red pepper powder, beer, soju, soybean oil and corn oil out of foods analyzed in this study. Further study is required for analytic procedure of the foods of which results are inconsistent with USDA's data such as rice and wheat flour.