• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.117-131
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of self-forgiveness, the forgiveness of others, shame and guilt on female adolescents' eating attitude, and the mediating effect of shame on the relationship between self-forgiveness or the forgiveness of others and eating attitude. For this research, questionnaires on self-forgiveness, the forgiveness of others, shame, guilt and eating attitude were administered to 700 female adolescents from middle and high schools in Seoul, Incheon and Daegu. Among 683 distributed questionnaires, 640 were selected and statistically analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS Win 12.0. The main findings of the study are as follows: Firstly, grades had a significant influence on self-forgiveness, guilt and eating attitude. Religion was not found to have a significant influence on any of the variables. Secondly, female adolescents' self-forgiveness, the forgiveness of others and shame were found to significantly affect their eating attitude. Lastly, shame was found to have a partial mediating effect on the relationship between self-forgiveness and eating attitude.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.81-101
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• 2009

This study examines married couples' forgiveness and forgiveness process in order to provide basic information related to married couples' forgiveness and to identify significant variables through analyzing socio-demographic characteristics affecting forgiveness and what influences the forgiveness process variables. Based on the study, the conclusions are as follows: First, men are affected by personal and intrinsic factors and women are affected by the other person's factor in the forgiveness. Married couples all expect that self-growth and the recovery of negative emotion occur through forgiveness. It indicates that the forgiveness contains a strong selfish character and not an altruistic character for others. Second, married couples experience hurt in the martial relationship due to problems caused by relationships with the husband's family, wife's family, and relatives. There is a significant difference between men and women in the period of problem occurrence, period of worry, seriousness degree of the problem, intention status of the problem, hurt degree, unfairness status of hurt, unfairness degree of hurt, and locus of control. Third, men's forgiveness level is higher in emotional forgiveness, cognitive forgiveness, and behavioral forgiveness. Among them, there is the biggest difference of cognitive forgiveness between men and women. Also, the variable affecting forgiveness is different between men and women.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.117-131
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of adolescent self-conscious emotion, empathy, forgiveness and prosocial behavior across gender and grade, to analyze the difference between the correlations among prosocial behavior and other variables across gender and grade, and to investigate the effects of adolescent self-conscious emotion, empathy, forgiveness on prosocial behavior in each gender and grade group. The subjects were 272 adolescents who were recruited by purposive sampling in the Chungbuk area. The results indicated that the empathy of girls was higher than that of boys. Boys showed a stronger correlation between prosocial behavior and guilt than girls. Next, boys' prosocial behavior was predicted by cognitive empathy, guilt, and pride, whereas girls' prosocial behavior was predicted by forgiveness toward others, pride, cognitive empathy and emotional empathy. Last, middle school students' prosocial behavior was predicted by pride and guilt, whereas that of high school students' was predicted by cognitive empathy, guilt, pride, and forgiveness toward others and the situation. In conclusion, self-conscious emotions, empathy, and forgiveness all predicted adolescent prosocial behavior but in different ways across gender and grade. It implies that adolescents need diverse educational programs according to their gender and grade, to promote their self-conscious emotions, moral emotions, and prosocial behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.113-126
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of forgiveness exercised by middle-aged married women. The subjects of the research were 345 married women selected randomly among inhabitants of Seoul. A research questionnaire was employed to gather information. The study results revealed four major patterns. First, they felt hurt by those to whom they were connected continuously in daily life, such as friends, colleagues, siblings, spouses. Second, the respondents stated that they would be very badly hurt and deeply wounded as a result of a hateful speech or suffering experience caused by people of immediate relations. Third, among the three sub-areas of forgiveness, forgiveness in cognitive category was the highest, followed by behavioral and emotional categories. Fourth, as far as the surrounding variables regarding the degree of forgiveness was concerned, physical health and happiness of the family were important while their age, gender, religion, economic levels, experience of forgiving others didn't make a difference at all.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.76-79
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• 2019

Korean Physicians encounter often the patients with cultural syndromes. This paper surveys those cultural syndromes in Korea, contrasted with those in other countries in five different domains; socio-cultural, sexual, psychological, psychosomatic and religio-spiritual. I discovered three natural consequences if not intervened; 1) healed and readjusted, 2) paradigmatically shifted for the better results and 3) mal-adjustment for the worse. In the hope to let the culture shifted toward better one, I propose to allow our Koreans to be educated, inspired by Park Wansoe's novel; 'Dreaming in an Incubator(꿈꾸는 인큐베이터)'.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.137-156
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• 2004

Altruistic virtuous caring, possibly originated from religion and/or spirituality, is indispensable for holistic health through channeling vital energy with diet, exercise and meditation. This is a participant-observed medical anthropological research of a first generation Korean elderly immigrant health professional woman living in a four generational family. She had hypertension and was concerned about possible attack of stroke. Multi-religious, spiritual, and cosmological vital energy based on holistic Nature-oriented health beliefs and practices influenced by psychosocial, cultural and economic background, education, self- discipline and self-cultivation of individual, and group or family may create health. Self-care beliefs based on confidence in self-control of one's life style for oneself and others influence individual and group health practice. The holistic alternative health beliefs and practices were proved to be efficacious and beneficial by her self-evaluation, evaluation of significant others, biomedical professionals, and laboratory tests. That may have potential application for global health.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1057-1066
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• 2021

Servant leadership has been noticeable in the last decade in the leadership literature on account its focus on serving others first. The target of servant leadership is not the organization, but rather the followers and their development and also the ability to motivate others to become servant leaders. Serving leadership has been recognized as a leadership philosophy that addresses ethical concerns, which is linked to ethical leadership. This study aims to investigate the relationship between dimensions of servant leadership and public service motivation of civil servants. Data were collected from civil servants working in public organizations at district level in Ho Chi Minh City of Vietnam through survey forms. The research hypotheses are tested by factor analysis and regression. The results report that 7 dimensions of servant leadership positively affect public service motivation in the following ascending order: Empowerment, standing back, forgiveness, humility, integrity, accountability, and courage. On the other hand stewardship has an insignificant impact on the role of leading and supervising. Our study contributes to the existing literature on servant leadership as well as public service motivation by throwing light onto a so-far neglected transitional country like Vietnam. Thereby, this study proposes a number of implications for the leaders to improve leadership style to enhance public service motivation of civil servants.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.287-314
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• 2011

There are many versions of the thai folktale "Pla Boo Thong" in Thailand, which is a typical type of stepmother story and in many ways resembles Cinderella story. This study, the author took 6 versions, some from books, some from internet. The main story of those 6 version is consist of the death of mother, stepmother and step sister, the maltreat of the stepmother to the heroine, tiding over the critical moments with the help of the dead mother and others, getting married with the king and happy of the heroine, death of the heroine by the slander of stepmother, posing as a queen of the stepsister, reincarnation of the dead heroine, meeting with the king again, and punishment and the stepmother and stepsister. The main theme of this narrative is a conflict in the polygamic family and is followed by the pattern of the Cinderella tale such as the distinct contrast of Good and Evil. This tale also teaches teachings of Buddha such as the punitive justice, the promotion of virtue and reproval of vice, and forgiveness. And otherwise it gives the people the courage and hope to overcome fortitude in their life.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.677-689
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify types of care needs for hospice patients through Q- methodology. Method: Twenty three Q-statements were selected through in-depth interviews of hospice patients. Data were collected from 20 hospice patients by sorting 23 Q-statements into 9 points standard and then analyzed using PC QUANL program. Result: Type 1 was named 'the need for pain control type' and patients of this type had the greatest need of physical care to be free of pain and be comfortable. Type 2 was named 'the need for love and intimacy type' and patients of this type would like to share love and intimacy with their family members. Type 3 was named 'the needs for reliance on an Absolute Being type' and patients of this type would like to receive forgiveness from their God and prayers. Type 4 was named 'the need for accomplishment and service type' and patients of this type would like to complete their on going work and to give service to others. Conclusion: The study result could be basic data to perform effective nursing interventions for satisfying the care needs of hospice patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1145-1155
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to explore the concept spirituality and to gain understanding of nursing intervention that may improve spiritual well-being. The concept analysis framework developed by Walker and Avant (1995) was used to clarify the concept. In the study, 'Harmonious interconnectedness', 'Transcendence', 'Integrative Energy' and 'Purpose and Meaning in Life' emerged as the critical attributes of spirituality. The first attribute, 'harmonious Inter- connectedness', has three categories including intrapersonal, (self), interpersonal (others/ nature) and transpersonal (the Supreme Being). The second attribute, 'Transcendence', is defined as the ability to extend one's own self beyond the limits of usual experiences and to achieve new perspectives. This attribute is demonstrated by 'coping with situations', to 'self-healing', and 'transformation'. The third attribute of spirituality is 'Integrative Energy', which integrates all dimensions and acts as a creative and dynamic force that keeps a person growing and changing. 'Integrative Energy is also defined as an inner resource that gives a sense of empowerment. Therefore the highly spiritual person demonstrate 'inner peace', 'growing', 'inner strength,' and 'well-being'. The fourth attribute 'Purpose and Meaning in Life' represents a sense of connectedness with one's inner values and with a greater purpose in life. It is demonstrated by 'hope' and 'a powerful life'. In this study, the antecedents of the spirituality represented as 'spirit' and its potential enablers were 'Introspection/reflection', 'Interconnectedness with all living things', and an 'Awareness of a Higher-Power'. The consequences of this concept may be described as 'physical, psychosocial, and spiritual well-being'. Empirical referents of this are 'purposeful life' 'self-worth' 'hope' 'love' 'service' 'forgiveness' 'trust/belief' 'inner peace' 'self-actualization' 'religious practices' 'transformation' 'inner strength' and 'coping'. In conclusion, spirituality can be defined based on these critical attributes. Spirituality is a dynamic, integrative energy based on a feeling of harmonious interconnection with self, others and a higher power. Through it, one is enabled to transcend and to live with meaning and purpose in life.