• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.760-767
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• 2015

First annulus formation and age determination of otoliths were examined for chub mackerel Scomber japonicus collected in Korean waters over the one year from January to December in 2009. Translucent zone was regarded as an annual mark. Age interpretation criteria was based on the data of the number of translucent zone, capture date, and edge type of the otolith, assuming the nominal birthday to be 1 January. Monthly changes in mean marginal index indicated that translucent zone was formed once a year, mainly in June. The otolith of 0-ring group was detected comparing the progression by month of the smaller fish length, appearing to be a single first opaque zone. The average distance from the core to the first translucent zone was ~1.77 mm, provided as supplementary information to increase ageing accuracy. The ageing criteria for chub mackerel was made to determine correct year-class with the purpose of effective stock assessment. This method using nominal birthdate and edge type analysis could estimate age of fish closer to the true age than purely counting the number of translucent zone on a whole otolith.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.109-125
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the understanding level of the Korean traditional seasonal customs during summer (i.e. Buddha's birthday, Dano festival, Yudu festival and Chilseok) before and after the execution of a educational program concerning seasonal customs and determine if elementary school teachers recognize a need for this kind of educational program. The subjects of this study were 168 students in the 4th grade at two elementary schools (84 students each for the experiment group and the control group) and 249 teachers at the elementary schools in Yangju city. The major results of this study are as follows : First, it was shown that there is no significant difference in the understanding level of seasonal customs between the experiment group and the control group in the pre-test, but after carrying out the educational program, it was indicated that there is a statistically significant difference between the experiment group and the control group in the post-test. Second, in addition to strongly pointing out the necessity of seasonal customs education, the teachers recognized that it is desirable to teach seasonal customs to students through the discretionary activity class corresponding to the seasonal divisions in the year and that it is especially important to perform the educational activity through traditional plays and to utilize audio-visual media. Also, teachers hoped that a seasonal customs program suitable for elementary school students would be required, along with the development of instructional materials, and finally that the schools need to further develop teacher training through field inspections and practice.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.111-124
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is first to examine the tendency in what kinds of activities are carried out as family rituals; what kinds of obstacles there are; and why any problems, if any, tend to arise. Second, the study seeks to discern the relationship between family rituals and wives' marital satisfaction. For this purpose, the study surveyed 251 wives who had fourth, fifth, or sixth grade children and resided in Busan, and then analyzed the data obtained from the survey. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) Regarding the dinner ritual, it turned out that a majority of subjects had a difficult time establishing a regular ritual due to 'their busy schedule at work' and 'children's studying at academies'. For the weekend leisure ritual, in the case of difficulty in spending this kind of time it tended to be because of the wives' 'busy schedules at work' and 'lack of mutually available time for all family members'. In birthday rituals, when wives reported having trouble with her family members regarding birthdays, they explained that this was most often' because family members forget their birthday'. Finally, when the subjects reported problems related to tradition rituals, it was mainly because of 'stress from the burden of housework (2) In every dimensions including occurrence, routine, deliberateness, attendance, affect, and symbolic significance, the top-ranked group showed a high degree of satisfaction in their marriage.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 1993

Two hundred and fifty tow Korean-Chinese women were administere the Questionnaire regarding child-rearing practice and husband-wife relations, with an assumption that Korean-Chinese in Yanbian area would preserve the traditional value in family lief because of the cultureal frozen phenomena. The results of the data for the present study revealed that they keep some traditional child-rearing practice such as the prenatal education and the first-year birthday party. However, the value of boy preference was not widely prevalent in the society. On the other hand the equality in husband-wife relation was not found to be attained even though in Communist society.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2001

Injury has now replaced disease as the biggest single cause of death in children after their first birthday. Each month one child dies from preventable, unintentional injury and the medical cost of these injury is increasing remarkably. It is necessary to develop injury prevention system to manage, evaluate and analysis the information about accident. This resource manual developed as a result of literature review of child care safety project which is based on the Kidsafe Tasmanian Division in Australia and the other resources. The purposes of this study is to; 1. Develop model to enable services to focus on injury prevention 2. Develop standardized child care injury report form 3. Develop home safety checklist 4. Development of injury prevention policies The suggestions to develop injury prevention policies : 1. detail analysis of injury occurrence 2. investigation of known intervention and their effectiveness 3. analysis of policy environment 4. development of policy on implementation of intervention 5. develop protocol and materials to develop an injury prevention focus 6. increase knowledge and awareness among staff and parents of where injuries were occurring and develop.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2003

In this comparison of observation of traditional childbirth and early childhood rituals, 118 young mothers whose children were 2- to 2.5- years-old and their mothers or mothers-in-law responded to questionnaires. Results showed that most grandmothers, when they were young mothers, observed more of the traditional rituals than the young mothers in sample. That is, more grandmothers hung the Kum jul(tabb rope) and the baby's grandparents named the baby. The young mothers of this sample were more likely to employ a professional name giver, they telephoned their relatives to inform them of the birth, gave a banquet, took more souvenir of picture, and were given more monetary and other gifts at their's first birthday.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.97-105
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• 2012

Winsborough Hall built by Martin L. Winehart who was the missionary of the Presbyterian Church of America in 1927 was built by Mrs. Winsborough's birthday contribution. Winsborough Hall was clearly divided into the original form built in 1927 and remodelled form by extension. Most of walls were constructed with several kinds of bricks for both sides and opening in the original form and remodelled form. Each room divided by inner wall was kept with original form because it is difficult to remodel it on the characteristics of building. But, it was confirmed through the related literatures that security of opening at some rooms and annexation of rooms through removal of the wall on the 2nd floor which was relatively easy to transform wall compared to the first floor were made. Variability of the wall affected the truss structure of roof and it created rare double truss structure. Architectural value of Winsborough Hall was in its first architectural trial using red brick in Gwangju region since 1920s. It suggested that it was differential architectural trial from Korean-Western mixed building constructed by the missionaries from 1940 to 1910 and buildings made of gray bricks prevailed from 1911 to 1920 and it showed the advancement in the architectural structure and materials.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 1999

The knowledge on Korean traditional ceremony foods was evaluated from 271 Korean American housewives residing in the New York and New Jersey metropolitan area. A questionnaire was designed to collect information on demographic background of the subject and their knowledge on ceremonial foods and table settings. Over half of the respondents considered table settings for ceremonial foods are important and most of them knew and learned Korean ceremonial foods from either their own mothers or mother-in-laws. About three-quarters responded that traditional table settings need to be simplified and half of them stated that family education is the best way of proceeding knowledge on ceremonial foods. Most of them have knowledge of table settings for a child's birthday, a baby's first birthday, a baby's hundredth day after birth, New Year's and full moon days. However, few respondents were knowledgable about other ceremonial foods. Practically, they are more likely to simplify the table setting for Korean traditional ceremonies, such as child's birthday, 60th birthday, wedding, and memorial days. The results of this study could be used to plan traditional cultural education programs for Korean immigrants in the U.S. so that they can make informed decisions in building cultural identities in the new environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1681-1692
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• 2001

본 연구는 광복 이후 현재까지 첫돌 복식 변화를 시대적으로 고찰, 그 변화 양상과 영 향 요인을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구 방법은 문헌 고찰과 사진 자료를 통한 내용 분석을 주로 하였다. 더불어 자료의 보충을 위해 첫돌 의례와 관련된 주변 인물들-가족, 기성 아동 한복 유통 상인, 상업적 사진사 등-의 면접 조사도 병행하였다. 이상의 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1940년대 중반∼50년대 초에는 해방 이후 혼란과 전란으로 인한 물자의 부족으로 첫돌 의례의 명분은 남아있으나 복식 문화는 공백기를 맞는다. 1950년대 중반이후 60년대 전반기는 미국의 경제 원조와 섬유 공업 활성화로 의료의 공급이 원활하여 전기에 비해 의례적 의미를 지닌 첫돌 복식의 착용이 가능해 졌다. 전통 한복을 기본으로 한 위에 서양식 복식 품목들이 섞여서 나타나고 있다 60년대 후반에서 1970년대의 두드러진 양상은 기성복 산업 의 발달로 전문적 인 기성복 시장이 형성되었고 이는 기성복화 된 첫돌 복식의 일습 개념을 등장시키게 하였다. 또한 한복이 예복화 되는 경 향이 두드러지게 나타났던 시기로 70년대 후반의 칼라 필름의 보급은 금박과 자수와 같은 다양한 재료와 재단 방법을 사용한 장식화 된 첫돌 복식의 사용을 가속화 시 켰다. 특히 70년대 중반에 소수의 일반에게 입혀졌던 궁중복식의 하나인 당의가 소매없는 당의로 바뀌어 여아의 돌옷으로 입혀지기 시작하였다. 1980년대 전반기는 칼라 TV의 보급, 비디오 촬영의 보편화로 한복이던 양복이던 일습화 된 첫돌 복식이 대중적으로 정착하게 되었다. 후반기에는 국내의 국제적인 행사의 유치와 전통 복식 소개를 위한 전시들을 계기로 왕실 복식에 대한 관심이 고조되었다. 이로 인해 여아에게 소매없는 당의를 입히고 남아에게 용포를 입히는 유행이 가속화되었다. 또한 서양식 예복을 입히는 유행이 시작되었다. 90년대에 들어와 아기 전문사진점의 등장은 1 회적인 첫돌 의례에 한복과 서양식 예복, 일상복 등을 다양하게 착용시키는 계기를 가져오게 하였다. 이상과 같은 다양한 변화 양상에도 불구하고 첫돌을 기념하기 위해 특별한 옷을 마련하고자 했으며, 그 복식의 구성 이 전통적인 일습 개념을 꾸준히 지향해 온 경향을 보여주고 있다. 반면 최근 과열된 아동 산업은 보다 다양한 복식을 입혀서 촬영한 사진으로 특별하게 꾸민 상업적인 기념물들을 남겨주게 하고 있다. 비록 특별한 옷을 준비하여 아동에게 입히는 행위는 유사한 표현 양태이나 지나치게 많은 옷을 갈아 입히는 표현 방식은 지양되어야할 것이다

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.417-429
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate university students' eating habits during special occasions and the willingness to pass on traditions of cooking certain dishes on special occasions to the next generation. The procedure of this study included a questionnaire to collect data for this study. The results are summarized as fellows: there were 689 participants. 314 male and 375 female. Most participants were nuclear families(84.5%), Practicing cooking traditions during the special occasions at home on New year's day. Chusuk, Ceremony of a forefather's death, the 15th of the first month. and Winter solstice exceeded 70% of households. In every event, most persons who make the food during the special events at home are mothers. Furthermore, most persons who teach the cooking method are mothers. too. Most foods which were taken In the annual events generally were as fellows : rice cake soup on New Year's Day. boiled rice admixed with four other staple cereals on the 15th of the first month, half-moon-shaped rice cake on Chusuk. a rice-and-mugwort cake on Buddha's birthday, rice and adzuki-bean on the winter solstice and cake on Christmas and wedding anniversary. The results of the survey of perception of food traditions during the special events was as follows ; ‘annual events helped peoples to make relationships with family and relatives deeper’ showed the highest agreement. The willingness to pass on traditional foods for the special days showed the highest agreement on New Year's Day and Chusuk, followed by Ceremony of a forefather's death. the 15th of the first month, and finally the winter solstice.