• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.277-293
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• 2009

Disagreement among the various publications providing lists of Korean endemic plants makes confusion inevitable. We summarized the six previous reports providing comprehensive lists of endemic plants in Korea: 407 taxa in Lee (1982), 570 taxa in Paik (1994), 759 taxa in Kim (2004), 328 taxa in Korea National Arboretum (2005), 515 taxa in the Ministry of Environment (2005) and 289 taxa in Flora of Korea Editorial Committee (2007). The total number of endemic plants described in the previous reports was 970 taxa, including 89 families, 302 genera, 496 species, 3 subspecies, 218 varieties, and 253 formae. Endemic plants listed four times or more were collected to compare the data in terms of scientific names and synonyms (339 taxa in 59 families and 155 genera). If the varieties and formae were excluded, the resulting number of endemic plants was 252 taxa for the 339 purported taxa analyzed. Seven of the 155 genera analyzed were Korean endemic genera. Among the 339 taxa, the same scientific names were used in the original publications for 256 taxa (76%), while different scientific names were used for 83 taxa (24%). The four largest families were Compositae (42 taxa, 12.4%), Ranunculaceae (19 taxa, 5.6%), Rosaceae (19 taxa, 5.6%), and Scrophulariaceae (19 taxa, 5.6%). Saussurea (Compositae) had the highest number of taxa within one genus (17 taxa; 5% of total endemic taxa).

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.79-101
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• 2023

Following recent taxonomic, distributional, and nomenclatural revisions, an updated checklist of endemic plants on the Korean Peninsula is needed. This study provides an updated checklist of vascular plants endemic to the Korean Peninsula and describes their distribution within administrative provinces. The revised checklist includes 373 endemic taxa (304 species, six subspecies, 49 varieties, and 14 nothospecies) from 179 genera and 64 families, representing 9.5% of the total native flora of the Korean Peninsula. Asteraceae (41 taxa), Ranunculaceae (29 taxa), Liliaceae s.l. (24 taxa), and Rosaceae (22 taxa) were the most widely represented families. Compared with the most recent checklist published in 2017, 39 taxa were excluded from the checklist; one taxon was excluded because it did not have a valid published name, seven taxa were excluded because their natural habitats extended to neighboring countries, four taxa were excluded because they were treated as a rank form, and 27 taxa were excluded because they had been identified as heterotypic synonyms of taxa distributed outside of the Korean Peninsula. Fifty-two new taxa were included based on the literature. This checklist will help to focus conservation efforts and provide a framework for research, protection, and policy implementation related to these endemic taxa.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.61
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• pp.17-46
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• 2000

Mt. Jabyeong(872.5m), limestone region in the Taebaek mountains, located in 37° 32'N, 129° 25'E and in Sangye-ri, Okgye-myeon, Gangreung-si and Samok-ri, Imgye-myeon, Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon-do. The purposes of this study were to investigate the floristic composition from 1997 to 1998 in Mt. Jabyeong and report the distribution of Korean endemic plants, rare and vulnerable plants, calcicoles and calci fuges, The vascular plants in this area were composed of 93 families, 313 genera, 3 subspecies, 57 varieties, 13 forms, 495 species, totaling 568 taxa. Among the vascular plants, 21 taxa were Korean endemic plants and 7 taxa were rare and vulnerable plants. Calcicole and calcifuge plants in this study area were composed of 21 families, 30 genera, 36 species and 14 families, 15 genera, 17 species. The soil pH values of study site in Mt. chabyoung were ranging 7.4∼8, which showed that this site was a mostly limestone area with alkaline soil. And soil depth was formed to a relative thin layer, mostly 2～4cm thickness. This site showed high content of moisture and organic matter which were ranging 40-45% and 15-25%, respectively.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.220-229
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• 2021

This study is aimed to a textile design with a motif of korean endemic plants and a method for printing it in an eco-friendly manner. The floral pattern with the motif of korean endemic plants was designed using Illustrator and Photoshop program. CMYK color, which is the basic color of Digital Textile Printing (DTP), is based on natural dyes, and various colors, achromatic colors and pastel tones are applied. As a result, half-linen and cotton were suitable as a result of designing and applying a floral pattern of a korean special plants. Also, as a result of analyzing the printing effect by colorway and DTP for each material, it was printed uniformly and the washing fastness was good. However, fastness of color change showed low, indicating that a follow-up study was needed. This study contributes to environmental conservation through eco-friendly printing and the korean endemic plants will be interested in people around the world beyond korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.264-288
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• 2017

In order to organize a new checklist for endemic vascular plants of the Korean Peninsula, 358 taxa of the Korea Forest Service and 375 taxa of the National Institute of Biological Resources were reviewed. In addition, the names of previously published endemic plants above the rank of variety were checked up to 2016. From the two lists, a total of 444 taxa were identified. Among them, 289 taxa were common on the two lists, but 69 and 86 taxa were listed only by the Korea Forest Service and by the National Institute of Biological Resources, respectively. Taxonomic documents including journal papers and dissertations were examined with regard to the 444 taxa. In some cases, opinions of Korean experts in this field were also reflected. From the results, 312 taxa in total were recognized as plants endemic to the Korean Peninsula, while 132 taxa could not be included on the endemic list. On the other hand, 48 taxa, none of which existed on the two lists, were newly listed. In conclusion, the new checklist of vascular plants endemic to Korea was confirmed, with a total of 360 taxa consisting of 64 families, 172 genera, 297 species, 4 subspecies, 51 varieties and 8 hybrids. The new common name Halla-seol-aeng-cho is given to Primula farinosa L. subsp. modesta (Bisset & S. Moore) Pax var. hannasanensis (T. Yamaz.) T. Yamaz. Sillaphyton Pimenov (Deok-u-gi-reum-na-mul-sok) is newly identified as a genus endemic to Korea. However, Pentactina Nakai could not be included on the list of Korean vascular endemic genera.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.23
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• pp.19-31
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• 2005

This study was carried out in order to provide the basic information for the development of medicinal plants in Ulleung island, Korea. This area had very rich and diverse flora; 495 taxa with l05 familes, 231 genera, 418 species, 1 subspeies, 63 varieties and 13 forms. The 94 medicinal plants were distributed in Ulleung. They were composed of 10 endemic species, 22 rare species and 62 economic species respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.720-761
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• 2022

This study surveyed the vascular flora present in abandoned paddy field type of 237 forest wetlands in Korea to provide baseline data for conservation, management, and monitoring and to support preparation for damage and climate change. The study period was from April 2015 to November 2021. The vascular flora of 237 forest wetlands by abandoned paddy field type were identified to consist of 128 families, 510 genera, 1,022 species, 27 subspecies, 87 varieties, 10 forma, and 1,146 taxa. 4 taxa were identified as grade II endangered wild plants, 185 taxa were identified as northern lineage plants of the Korean Peninsula, 43 taxa were endemic to the Korean Peninsula, and 58 taxa were rare plants as designated by the Korea Forest Service. Further, 296 taxa were floristic target plants and there were 86 taxa of invasive alien plants. According to wetland preference, 79 taxa (6.9%) were obligate wetland plants, 103 taxa (9.0%) were facultative wetland plants, and 61 (5.3%) taxa were facultative plants. Additionally, 66 taxa (5.8%) were facultative upland plants, and 837 taxa (73.0%) were obligate upland plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.633-660
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• 2021

This study was carried out to elucidate the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness of Mt. Munsusan (1,205 m) in Bonghwa County, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. The vascular plants that were investigated in 2 years (2019 ~ 2020) with 15 times consisted a total of 571 taxa; 94 families, 310 genera, 496 species, 4 subspecies, 63 varieties and 8 formas. For the Korean endemic plants, 17 taxa were recorded and 3 taxa of Vulnerable Species (VU) and 9 taxa of Least Concerned species (LC) categorized by the Korean Forest Service as rare plants were investigated in this region. Furthermore, IV, III degrees of floristic regional indicator plants designated by the Korean Ministry of Environment included 8 taxa and 27 taxa, respectively. Among them, edible, medicinal, ornamental, feed/composting, industrial plants were 391 taxa, 359 taxa, 301 taxa, 241 taxa, 217 taxa, respectively. In addition, 25 taxa of naturalized plants were observed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.71-99
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the vascular flora of Masan, located in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, and to comprehend the distribution of remarkable plants such as rare and Korea endemic plants and invasive alien plants. The survey was carried out the distribution of vascular plants 11 times per season from 2010 to 2018. A total of 619 taxa in 93 families, 328 genera, 529 species, 6 subspecies, 78 varieties and 6 forms were identified on mt. Masan. Among them, Korean endemic plants are 21 taxa including Saussurea diamantica Nakai and are plants designated by the Korea Forest Service are 20 taxa counting Saxifraga octopetala Nakai. Invasive alien plants were classified a total of 35 taxa inclusive of Trifolium pratense L. (WS), Aster pilosus Willd. (SS), Coreopsis lanceolata L. (SR), Rumex obtusifolius L. (SC) and Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell (CS). The naturalization rate was 5% and the urbanization index was 10.0%, respectively. Although this study identified the diverse distribution of major plants such as rare and endemic plants around Masan, it was confirmed that invasive alien plants, which pose a great threat to forest biodiversity conservation and promotion, spread and distributed in a specific section Therefore, it is urgent to establish a conservation strategy and countermeasures.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.146-156
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• 2023

Background: Endemic species are important components in the flora of most world regions. Most of these species have become threatened and exposed to extinction within the last few years. The present study aims to evaluate the ecosystem services offered by the endemic plant taxa in Egypt and the threats that affect them. Twenty-five field visits were conducted during summer 2018 to spring 2022 to several locations all over Egypt. In each location, the main habitats, national distribution, abundance, goods and threats were recorded. Results: Egypt has 41 endemic taxa belonging to 36 genera and 20 families inhabiting 10 main habitats. Rocky surfaces and sandy formations have the highest number of endemic species. The relation between the number of endemic taxa and the abundance categories indicated that 2 taxa are rare (4.9% of the total taxa), while the remaining were very rare (95%). The most represented offered good was the medicinal uses (32 taxa = 78%), while fuel plants were only represented by 2 taxa (2 taxa = 4.9%). Besides, 14 taxa (34.1% of the total studied taxa) have at least 1 environmental service. Soil fertility (7 taxa = 50%) was the most represented, followed by sand accumulations (6 taxa out of 14 taxa = 43%), while shading plant was the least (1 taxon = 7.1%) (Rosa arabica). The most represented threat is over-cutting and over-collecting (38 taxa = 92.7%), while mining and quarrying is the least represented (4 taxa = 9.8%). Conclusions: The potential and actual goods, services and threats of the endemic taxa were assessed as follows; field observation, information collected from local inhabitants and herbalists, and a literature review. The present study recommended planning a strategy about the importance, threats and conservation of endemic taxa in Egypt that would help in the protection and rescue of these plants and increase awareness about the importance of these plants.