• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutritional education on the knowledge and the practice & Perception of diet therapy, and on the level of FBG and HBAlc. The subjects were selected among the patients treated in the Inha University Hospital from June of 1996 until April of 1998. Educated group consisted of 20 patients who visited the diet-counseling department as a part of diabetic treatment. Non-educated group consisted of 20 patients who visited the diet-counseling department ignoring doctors prescription purpose. The knowledge and the practice & perception of diet therapy drinking & smoking habits, regular exercise, and general characteristics including family history were analyzed by questionnaires. FBG and HbAlc were measured before and 4 months after the treatment. The results were as follows : Both groups were composed of 12(60%) male and 8(40%) female respectively. The mean age of subjects was 51.4 years in educated group and 51.9 tears in non-educated group. The duration and %IBW were 5.9 years and 109.8 % in educated group and 5.5 years and 111% non-educated group respectively. There were no significant differences in drinking & smoking habits and regular exercise between groups. The diet therapy knowledge score was significantly higher in educated group(p<0.001, 5.8$\pm$2.3/10.0 vs 3.4$\pm$2.0/10.0). The diet therapy practice & perception score was also significantly higher in educated group(p<0.001, 5.6$\pm$2.3/10.0 vs 2.8$\pm$2.2/10.0). Levels of FBG and HbAlc in both group were reduced at 4 month after the treatment(-74.2 mg/dl and -1.4% in educated group vs -58.7 mg/dl and -2.0% in non-educated group). However, the reduced amounts of them were not significantly different. Therefore, nutritional education seems to be very important in improving the knowledge and the practice & perception of the diet therapy. However, it appears no direct influence in reducing FBG and HbAlc levels. Further studies on diabetic management by using more efficient, consecutive and intensive nutritional education methods are needed. (Korean J Nutrition 34(1):69-78, 2001)

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 1990

This study was attempted to assess the effects of a long term regular sex education on the knowledge about anatomy and physiology of human reproductive organs and the attitude toward sex of second grade high school girls. The study population included 1,678 high school girls(542 educated second grade girls, 972 not educated second grade girls and 164 pre-educated first grade girls) attending in 3 high schools located in Kyungnam province. The data was collected by guestionnaire to assess knowledge of sexual anatomy and physiology and the attitude toward sex from 21 to 24 December 1988. The results were as follows: Most of students (educated group 99.3%, not educated group 98.1%) agreed to necessity of sex education. Among students 70.8% did not talk about their sexual problems with their parents and 30.1% of educated group obtained spxual knowledge from their teachers. There were significant differences between level of knowledge on anatomy and physiology of reproductive organs, secondary growth spurt, V D, pregnancy and contraceptives of educated group and not educated group (P < 0.01). There was significant difference between positive attitude about sexual intercourse before marriage, artificial abortion and family planning slogan of educated group and not educat.ed group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There were significant differences between degree of agreement about acquaintance with the other sex, knowledge of acquaintance with the other sex, talk freely with friend, parent and teacher of educated group and not educated group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Statistics revealed that high school girls of not educated group had less knowledge about acquaintance with the other sex than educated group (P < 0.01).

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.97-115
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• 2010

'JOBLESS GROWTH' is a word to explain the world's common problem of unemployment. But, 'highly educated youth unemployment' is the unique condition that Korea society is facing. In this paper, we determine the cause of the problem with causal loop diagram and reach the conclusion. It is the paradigm to be highly educated person and that paradigm became permanent after the Korean War. People think that only highly educated person can bring wealth and honor, so they spend much money for their children's private education to enter university. Though young people receive bachelor's degree, they spend much money to get job. To solve these problems, this paper suggest three solutions. The first is to shift the paradigm to be highly educated person. The second is to expand the opportunities of public education as education system of Finland. And the third is to support the youth aptitude.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the association nutrition education experience in regards to metabolic risk and nutrition intake in Korean adult male using the 2016~2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey as the reference. The study involved a total of 1,978 male subjects aged 40~64 who were classified into the 2 groups based on their nutrition education experience: Educated group (n=88) and non-educated group (n=1,890). The household income and education level of educated group were higher than those of the non-educated group. The two groups showed no significant difference in the level of fasting blood sugar, blood lipid profile including total cholesterol and triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and hypertension. Vitamin C intake of the educated group (127.5 mg) was higher compared to the non-educated group (88.2 mg) (p<0.05). The percentage of the subjects utilizing nutritional labels was higher in the educated group. The nutrition education experience was inversely proportional to lower Odds Ratio in hyperLDL-cholesterolemia (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.84) and HypoHDL-cholesterolemia (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.87). This result indicates that nutritional education can be used as an effective tool to avert chronic diseases and develop healthy eating habits.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.184-197
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to research the reason of higher tendencies toward game addiction in the group of adolescents with highly educated parents than the group of adolescents with non-highly educated parents. The results show that the variables affecting adolescents' game addiction in the group of adolescents with highly educated parents are very different with those in the group of adolescents with non-highly educated parents. In the group of adolescents with highly educated parents, most of variables related to family function and communication types are not significantly affecting game addiction, while they are affecting in the group of adolescents with non-highly educated parents. This indicates that highly educated families might have particular family system related to stratification culture.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.65-79
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• 1997

This research is intended for 418 elderly women who reside in Seoul and the National Capital region. the survey and analysis are on the practical behavior related to purchasing decision making of brassieres for elderly women. The purpose of the survey and analysis is to induce contented and rational purchase activity for elderly women; also, to supply the fundamental sources which can support accomplishing scientific and systematic marketing activity to foundation manufacturing business. The main results of this study are as follows; 1. The elderly women tend to decide on purchase of the brassiere subjectively alone than rely on the informants and to listen to sales women's advice more. The younger, more educated and higher income of family, the elderly women tend more to depend on their own subjective sense than others' recommendations and rely on such mass media as TV and magazines for information source. 2) The elderly women tend to purchase their brassieres personally. In particular, the younger, more educated and higher income they tend more to choose their brassieres alone rather than with others. 3) The companions for elderly women's purchase were their daughter, daughter-in-law and friends. The younger, more educated and higher income, they tend more to accompany friends. The older, less educated and lower income, they tend more to be accompanied by their daughter or daughter-in-lay. 4) The elderly women are aware of the trademarks for brassieres. Although most of them know about their brassiere size, the majority of them tend to purchase their brassieres without trying on them. the older, less educated and lower income, they are less aware of trademarks and their brassiere size, and thus are less influential in their purchasing decision making. 5) The places of purchasing on which elderly women rely most for their brassiere are department stores, agent and markets. Other places are private haberdashery's, discount and pension shop. The department stores are most used by the less younger, more educated and higher income, while the markets are most often visited by those older, less educated and lower income, while the markets are most often visited by those older, less educated and lower income. The agent are favored by the medium class old people between two extremes.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.171-182
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• 2004

Objectives： Smoking, especially among youth, has been increasing in Korea. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of a newly developing well-designed packaged smoking prevention program (PSPP) for middle school students and to propose further ideas about the program. Methods： The subjects were middle school students enrolled in one Busan city middle school. The effects of the PSPP were evaluated through intervention and follow-up. The PSPP was executed for 10 hours during the semester of middle school freshmen by the author as a position of health teacher, from 1999. After PSPP, cognitions and experiences about smoking were assessed annually from February, 2000 to 2002 by questionnaire. The responses of the educated group and the non-educated group (enrolled in the school at 1998) were compared through chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) using SPSS program (ver 10.0). Results： In the three years' follow-up study on the students enrolled in 1999, the proportion of habitual smoking increased significantly (p＜0.001); freshmen 0.2％, sophmore 1.7％, junior 5.0％. However, these level were lower than the results of national study； freshmen 1.1 ％, sophmorer 6.3％, junior 8.5％. Also, the risk of smoking based on the response of 'smoking is hazardous to my health' increased by higher grading. In the comparison of educated and non-educated group, the proportion of the habitual smoking was significantly lower in the educated group(5.0％) than in the non-educated group(13.5％) (OR [95％CI]＝0.33 [0.20∼0.57]). The response rate of 'smoking is hazardous to my health' was higher (OR [95％CI]＝4.42 [2.52∼7.77]), and that of 'maybe smoking in the future' was lower (OR [95％CI]＝0.43 [0.31∼0.59]) in the educated group than in the non-educated group. Conclusions： Though there is not enough information and it was a relatively short evaluation period, this PSPP is considered to be effective in smoking prevention in middle school students. Interests and continuity would be emphasized for the success of smoking prevention programs for younger subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.179-192
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a nutrition education program designed to reduce sugar intake in preschool children. The nutritional knowledge, dietary attitude, dietary behavior, and food intake with a sweet taste in preschool children were tested before and after 4 weeks of nutrition education from March 8 to April 1, 2016. The preschool children were recruited in Dobong-gu, Seoul. The subjects were divided into two groups; educated (N=59) and non-educated group (N=40). Statistical analyseis were performed using SPSS 22. The nutritional knowledge about sweet tasting food was significantly increased (P<0.01) in the educated group and significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the non-educated group. The dietary attitude toward sweet tasting food was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the educated group but not significantly changed in the non-educated group. The dietary behavior toward sweet tasting food was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the educated group and significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the non-educated group. The major food sources of sugar intake were not significantly changed in either groups. The major food sources of sugar intake in the 5 years old children were yogurt products>sweetened breads>cookies/biscuits>chocolate>cereals>beverages>sweetened milk>sweet spicy chicken>Tteokbokki. Although there are some limitations in this study, due to the short length of the nutrition education and lack of active participation by the parents, the results suggest that effective nutrition education on sweet tasting food can bring about changes in nutritional knowledge as well as dietary attitude.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.434-443
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The intake of sugar has increased worldwide, and it is well established that childhood experiences and food preferences affect lifelong eating habits. To discourage sugar intake, nutrition education was imparted, and the effectiveness of the nutrition education program was investigated by considering the nutrient density and major dietary sources of sugar intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twenty four-hour dietary recall and sugar intake frequency of 96 pre-school children (educated n = 47; non-educated n = 49) were collected on 3 consecutive days (1 weekend day, 2 weekdays) after 11 weeks of imparting nutrition education. Dietary intake of nutrients and total sugar were analyzed, and the intake frequency of sugar source foods were identified. All nutrition education programs were focused on a hands-on education program, and consisted of cooking lab, play, activity, animation, and visual materials. The difference between the two groups was verified by the Chi-square test or t-test. All statistical analysis was performed with significance level at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Compared to the non-educated group, the intakes of protein (P < 0.001), fiber (P < 0.01), potassium (P < 0.05), iron (P < 0.05), zinc (P < 0.05), and iodine (P < 0.001) were significantly higher, and the intakes of carbohydrate (P < 0.01) and total sugar (P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the educated group. The cumulative percent of sugar intake of top 20 sugar source foods in the educated group (82.80%) was lower than that of the non-educated group (85.75%). The contribution of beverages on total sugar intake was lower in the educated group. The average frequency of consuming sugary foods was significantly lower in the educated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that nutrition education on discouraging sugar intake is effective in reducing the amount of total sugar consumed, resulting higher nutrient density in the diets of pre-school children.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.565-576
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake of Chinese college students in Korea. The subjects were 64 Chinese college students in Korea (educated group, 32 students vs. non-educated group, 32 students). Educated group was lessoned as group and/or individual. Nutrition education program consisted of four lessons (40min/lesson), '6 major nutrients & function (group lesson)', '6 food group and sources (group lesson)', 'personalized daily needed energy and food exchange units using Food Exchange System (individual lesson)', and 'smart choice of snacks and eating-out foods (group lesson)'. We examined the differences between educated group and non-educated group in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake. After education, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge: 'function and foods of 6 nutrients', on dietary attitudes: 'type of breakfast' in educated group. In the evaluation of nutrient intakes according to Dietary Reference Intakes for Korean (KDRI), there were positive improvements on intake levels of riboflavin, fiber, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folate, Ca and K in the educated group. In the index of nutrition quality (INQ), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean nutrition adequacy ratio (MAR) were significantly increased in the educated group. In conclusion, it is possible to improve nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake of Chinese college students in Korea through the nutrition education focused on personalized daily needed energy and food exchange units.