• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.415-424
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• 1997

Serum lipid levels and fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids(PL) were investigated in 24 healthy male subjects who consumed either corn oil(CO) rich In linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) rich in $\alpha$-linolenic acid($\alpha$-LNA), or canola oil acid(OA) as a major fat source fir 5 weeks. The PO and the CNO groups showed significant(P <0.05) increases in serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) levels and in ratios of HDL- C/total cholesterol(TC) compared with initial values measured at the beginning of the study. Significantly(p <0.05) increased concentrations of serum triglycerides(TG) ware observed after 5 weeks of the CO based diet compared with both its intial value and the concentration observed after 5 weeks with the PO-based diet. fatty acid composition of serum PL reflected changes in dietary fatty acid composition and metabolism. Compared with the initial levels, significandy increased contents of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) were observed in serum PL of the PO group and significantly increased contents of $\alpha$-LNA and EPA were observed in the CNO group. Arachidonic acid(AA) content of serum PL did not change in the CO group during the study period, although, the increase in LA was significant(P <0.05). Compared with the CO-based diet, both the PO and the CNO-based diets seem to have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis by influencing the serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition of serum PL.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.897-907
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of individual fatty acid intake and to compare total serum lipid levels and total serum fatty acid composition of elementary school children in Seoul by fish and meat intakes. The subjects were divided into High-Fish / Low-Meat(HFLM, n=49) and Low-Fish/High-Meat(LFHM, n=47) group. The total energy from fat of HFLM and LFHM group was 22.0 and 30.0% respectively. The average intake of cholesterol was 237-287mg in HFLM group and 358-387mg in LFHM group. The average P/M/S ratio for all subjects was 1.1-1.4/1.1 - 1.2/1.0, which was very similar to desired ratio. The $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio of dietary fatty acids of HFLM and LFHM group were 8.0-10.9 and 18.9-29.3 respectively, which in case of LFHM group, was fat beyond the suggested range, 4/1 - 10.1. Serum lipid levels of all subjects fell within the normal range and there was no significant difference in serum lipid levels between HFLM and LFHM groups, except for HDL-cholesterol in upper grades(4th-6th grades). In lower grades(1st-3rd grades), serum PUFA composition of HFLM (40.8%) group was significantly higher than that of LFHM (38.3%) group (p<0.05) and SFA composition of HFLM(33.8%) was significantly lower than that of LFHM group, (p<0.001) between them. The $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio of serum fatty acid tended to be higher in LFHM than in HFLM group but there was no significant difference between two groups. This study suggests that the dietary fat pattern of growing children could affect the change in total serum fatty acid composition though it did not influence serum lipid levels significantly. Energy and EPA intakes were negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels(p<0.05). Serum fatty acid compositions were more closely correlated with serum triglyceride(TG) levels than serum cholesterol levels. Especially, total SFA (p<0.001) and individual SFA, such as C14:0(p<0.001) and C16:0(p<0.001)compositions were positively correlated with serum TG levels, but stearic acid(p<0.01) was negatively correlated with it.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 1990

This paper was performed to investigate the effect of dietary fiber and Chlorella added diets on serum composition of blood and histopathological change of liver and kidney in male rats. As the result, pectin added diets have an effect of decrease a serum, cholesterol and lipid of the tissue.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 1983

In order to establish tissue lipid status in animal on feeding of various dietary fat and oils, each group of rats was fed a semisynthetic diet containing 10%(w/w) mackerel oil (MO), eel oil (EO), soybean oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO) or beef tallow (BT) for 1, 2 and 4 weeks, After each feeding period, levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid were measured in serum. Fatty acid ${\leftarrow}$ composition was also investigated in serum and tissue lipids. Levels of total serum cholesterol were lower but HDL-cholesterol were higher in fish oil groups, which resulted in significantly higher ratio of HDL to total cholesterol in the fish oil groups. Fish oil groups, in general, also had lower levels of serum triglyceride and phospholipid than other groups, but S0 group maintained as low phospholipid levrl as fish oil groups. Fatty acid composition of dietary fat was reflected in all the tissues investigated but with varying degrees. Very long chain fatty acids, specific components exclusively found in fish oils were most well reflected in liver and relatively well in serum, whereas linoleic acid and erucic acid of SO and RO in the diet were better shown up in heart and adipose tissue. It attracted a particular attention that major proportions of long chain monoenoic acids $(C_{22:1})$ occurring both in MO and RO were detected separately in liver and heart plus adipose tissue, the result of which strongly indicates that there is a significant difference in metabolism between isomers $(C_{22:1}\;w\;11\;and\;C_{22:1}\;w\;9,\;respectively)$. It is suggested from this study that differences in lipid status as well as in the levels of serum lipids result from uniqueness in metabolism of each different fatty acid and give rise to distinguishable change in serum lipoprotein pattern, followed by diet with different fat sources.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2008

본 연구는 방사선 조사에 의해 생쥐의 혈청성분이 어떠한 변화를 일으키는가를 구명하는데 있고, 이를 위해 10MeV급 Linac 방사선치료장치를 사용하여 3Gy 방사선을 1회 전신 조사한 생쥐의 혈청(serum)을 채취하여 14가지 생화학적 분석을 실시한 후 paired t-test를 실시하였다. 그 결과 다음의 3가지 혈청성분에서 유의한 변화가 있다는 사실을 확인하였다. 첫째, glucose 측정에서 정상대조군(normal control group)의 $185.43{\pm}14.93$보다 방사선조사군(irradiation group)이 $220.00{\pm}17.58$로 높게 나타나 평균값에 매우 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 둘째, BUN(blood urea nitrogen) 측정에서 정상대조군의 $19.61{\pm}1.65$보다 방사선조사군이 $15.70{\pm}1.48$로 낮게 나타나 평균값에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 셋째, albumin 측정에서 정상대조군의 $3.19{\pm}0.34$보다 방사선조사군이 $2.89{\pm}0.25$로 낮게 나타나 평균값에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 결론적으로, 3Gy 방사선이 조사된 생쥐의 혈청은 glucose, BUN(blood urea nitrogen), albumin 등 3가지 성분에서 유의할만한 변화를 일으켰다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.537-551
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• 1994

The dietry effects of marine n-3, plant n-3 and plant n-6 fatty acid on serum lipids levels, liver phospholipid fatty acid composition in rat were investigated. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 30 weeks old, were fed on one of 4 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. The diets were composed of 15% fat(w/w) of either concentrated EPA oil(20:5, n-3 : 65%), fish oil(20:5, n-3 : 19%, 22:6, n-3 : 18%), perilla oil(18:3, n-3 : 60%) or corn oil(18:2, n-6 : 49%). Blood was initially taken before experimental feeding and also taken after 2 weeks and 4 weeks feeding the diet respectively and then examined for the levels of serum lipids. Rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks after the diet for the analysis of liver phospholipid fatty acid. EPA feeding remarkably decreased the serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid than any other oil feeding. Fish oil feeding decreased serum HDL-cholesterol level comparable to the effect of EPA feeding and decreased total cholesterol and phospholipid less than but close to the effect of EPA feeding. Perilla oil feeding did not change serum levels of triglyceride and phospholipid, but it decreased serum total cholesterol a lot and HDL-cholesterol a little. Corn oil feeding did not affect triglyceride and total cholesterol while it increased serum level of HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was increased only in corn oil group. But contrary to the result of serum total phospholipid, liver phospholipid level found to be higher in fish oil and EPA groups than in perilla oil and corn groups. The fatty acid composition of liver phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine(PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE) turned out to be affected by dietary fatty acid. 18:2 of liver PC was the lowest in FO group following CO group. The ratio of 20:4/18:2 was lower in PO group than in EPA group in consequence of higher 18:2 and lower 20:4 in PO group and vise versa in EPA group. In the liver PC and PE, similar trends in the ratios of n-6/n-3 and 20:4/18 were found showing higher ratios with CO and EPA group over FO and PO group. EPA group showed the lowest level of 20:5 and lower level of 20:6 than group. Fish oil was more efficient than EPA oil and PO in lowering the ratio of n-6/n-3 in consequence of the highest 22:6, and the lowest 18:2 in liver phospholipid. But PO lowers the ratio or 20:4/18 more than FO. In conclusion, EPA oil was more effective in lowering serum lipids than FO and PO. Reviewing the dietary effect of fatty acid on eicosanoids composition in rats, it is considered that more possibility was with FO than PO in the effectiveness of atherosclerosis prevention and more with PO than with EPA oil. It was also found that FO showed more effective than EPA oil for atherosclerosis prevention. It was hardly found that CO had any effect on lowering serum lipids and on eicosanoids composition in liver phospholipid for the prevention of atherosclerosis.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.675-686
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• 2005

It is known that appropriate exercise changes body composition and improves coronary artery disease. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationships between aerobic exercise, body composition, and the blood lipid levels in the middle-aged women(33 to 54 years old). The 57 subjects were divided into two groups based on their exercise: the aerobic exercise group(A group: 44) which performed at about $60\%$ of $VO_2max$ during over 6 months and the sedentary one(S group: 13). The percentages of body fat waist/hip ratio(WHR), body mass, and lean body mass of two groups were measured and compared in serum HDLC level and oxidized LDL level, the two most effective factors of coronary artery disease. The subjects in A group showed the lower percentages of body fat and WHR, when compared with the ones in S group. The body mass and lean body mass of A group subjects were higher than those of S group subjects. The serum HDL-C level$(58.6\pm12.7mg/mL)$ was significantly higher for A than S group subjects.(p<0.05) The sem ox-LDL level $(6.64\pm4.11Eu/mL)$ for A group subjects was lower than S group ones. The fat mass showed significantly positive correlations with atherogenic index(AI)(r=0.301, p<0.05), and with blood glucose levels(r=0.334, p<0.05). Also the WHR whowed significantly positive correlations with LDL-C levels(r=0.277, p<0.05), and with AI(r=0.466, p<0.01). In summary, the subjects in A group have the lower percentages of body fat and WHR, when compared with the ones in S group. Also, A group subject showed a tendency that exercise enhances serum HDL-C levels and decreases oxidized LDL levels. And aerobic exercise showed positive results which change body composition and improve blood lipid levels. There were significantly positive correlations among the percentages of body fat At and blood glucose level. These results suggest that moderately intensive exercise is a significant factor in reducing coronary artery disease.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1999

This study examined the effect of the pine needle sap administration on serum lipid composition and liver antioxidant defense system in rats fed with high fat diet. Forty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. three control groups were fed with 5% lipid diet and three high fat groups were fed with 30% lipid diet. Each group was administered with the following pine needle sap respectively : C-0.0, 1.ml water, C-0.5, 0.ml pine needle sap and 0.ml water C-1.0, 1.ml pine needle sap : H-0.0, 1.ml water, H-0.5, 0.ml pine needle sap and 0.ml water H-1.0, 1.0ml pinus needle sap. After 4 weeks of experimental periods the level of serum obtained and serum lipid was measured respectively. The results were as follows 1. Significant low level was observed for food intake, weight gain, FER in the experimental group administered with the pine needle sap. 2. No difference of the concentration of serum triglyceride was observed out the experimental group with 5% fat diet, however out of the experimental group with 30% fat diet it was low in (H-1.0) group where 1.0ml of the pine needle sap was administrated. 3. In the experimental group with 5% fat diet the concentration of serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was low, especially the hypocholesteromic effect in serum administered by the pine needle sap was significantly high in group C-1.0 where 1.0ml of pine needle sap was administered. In the high fat group provided with 30% fat when the pine needle sap was administered there was a tendency that concentration of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased however there was no difference significantly. 4. Serum GOT activity was relatively high in high fat diet group. However, when 1$m\ell$ of pine needle sap was administered the activity was lower than that of the control group in H-1.0 group and the activity level was similar with that of the high fat diet group in c-1.0 group. There was no difference of serum GPT activitives followed by the administered of pine needle sap among the experimental group. 5. Liver TBARS levels were high in general in high fat diet group, however it showed no difference when the pine needle sap with different concentration level was administered. The results of this study indicate that the pine needle sap administration was effective in decreasing the food intake and weight gain of the experimental animals in the high fat diet and also effective in decreasing the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and GOT activities. However it was not effective to change the level of TBARS and GSH -Px activities of liver. Thus, it was found that the pine needle sap administration was effective for the improvement of serum lipid composition condition of the experimental animals in the high fat diet group but it was not effective in the antioxidant defense system of liver.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.125-141
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of aerobic exercise on body composition, cardiopulmonary function, serum lipid level and antioxidants of obese and normal college female students. The subject group was made up of 13 normal students (below 30% body fat ratio) and 12 obese students (above 30% body fat ratio). After a pretest, the subjects were given an 8-week aerobic program. Then the subjects were given a posttest and analyzed of body composition, serum lipid level, antioxidants and cardiopulmonary function after the 6th and the 8th week of the program. The program schedule was made up of 4 days per week, 60 minutes per day. Test includes B.W., subscapular and triceps subcutaneous fat thickness, change of respiratory gas, and two blood sampling before treadmill exercise and post all out state, which analyzed serum lipid and antioxidants. The subjects performed treadmill exercise starting with 4km/hr of walking and then gradually increase the speed of 1km/hr per minute until all out state. The obtained data were analyzed using SAS program. The statistical methods employed here were one-way ANOVA with repeated measure, Duncan Multiple range test, paired-t test and t-test. The test results and conclusion of this research were as follows. 1. The effects of aerobic exercise on body composition were as follows ; Percent body fat was significantly reduced 6 weeks after the program and lean body mass was significantly increased 8 weeks after the program in both groups(obese group: F=3.44 P=.044, normal group: F=3.30 P=.048). subscapular skinfold of the obese group showed a remarkable decrease after the 6th week(F=4.33 P=.021) triceps skinfold of the normal group showed a remarkable decrease after the 6th and the 8th week(F=4.55 P=.017) compared with readings before the aerobic program, the aerobic program made a bigger difference concerning body fat, lean body mass, subscapular skinfold in the obese group than in the normal group(t=2.41 P=.024, t=2.40 p=.025, t=2.43 p=.028). 2. The effects of aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary function were as follows ; Maximal $O_2$ uptake/kg was significantly increased 6 weeks after the program in the obese group(F=3.20 P=.054), but not much difference was observed in the normal group. Maximal pulse rate was significantly reduced in both groups after 6 weeks of the program(obese group: F=2.77 P=.087, normal group: F=7.17 P=.001). 3. The effects of aerobic exercise on serum lipid level were as follows ; In a resting period, total cholesterol, Triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol were slightly higher in the obese group than in the normal group, but HDL-cholesterol was higher in the normal group. But, with the aerobic program, total-cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol were reduced gradually and HDL-choleterol got increased in both groups, but not much change was noticed in the normal group. However, in the obese group, serum HDL-cholesterol level got increased significantly(F=5.12 P=.012). 4. The effects of aerobic exercise in serum antioxidants were as follows ; In a resting period, the obese group's serum Free Radical and GSSG content were higher than the normal group's and the normal group's serum GSH content was higher than the obese group's. After 6 weeks of the aerobic program, Free Radical was reduced significantly in both groups(obese group: F=13.87 P=.000, normal group: F=18.60 P=.000) In the obese group, 8 weeks after the program, GSH was increased significantly(F=13.78, P=.000). In the normal group, 6 weeks after the program, GSH was reduced but increased again after 8 weeks(F=6.07 P=.005). Plasma GSSG was significantly increased after 8 weeks of exercise in both groups(obese group: F=19.75 P=.000, normal group: F=22.42 P=.000,) Compared with readings before the aerobic program, the aerobic program made a bigger difference serum GSH in the normal group than in the obese group(t=3.37 p=.003). As this result shows, it is known that the regular aerobic exercise improves cardiopulmonary function, body composition, serum lipid effectively and through the serum Free Radical reduction and antioxidant system activation, oxidant stress was suppressed. This effect was higher in the obese group than in the normal one. At least 6weeks exercise period need for improvement of body composition, cardiopulmonary function and activation of antioxidant system. This result suggest that improvement of serum lipid profile was needed longer than 8weeks exercise period.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2005

The result of the study for essential oil(Bergamot, Grapefruit essential oil)'s Anaiysis of Blood Serum Epidermis proteins by exposure of nature lays on treatments are as follows. 1. There is no significant difference between control group and the groups treated by essential oil in feed efficiency, but in water intake, there are significant differences between each group. Water intake of the groups treated by Bergamot and Grapefruit essential oil without treatment by sun cream is higher than that of any other group. It is presented that the effect of losing water of the surface of skin is related to the balance effect of water. 2. As a result of serum analysis without applied UV-rays, the total cholesterol in the groups treated by Bergamot essential oil is higher than that of the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil. It is showed that the dissolution of cellulite of Grapefruit essential oil is stronger than that of Bergamot essential oil. After applied UV-rays, however, the change of total cholesterol of the groups treated by Bergamot essential oil is lower than that of the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil, namely, the group treated by Bergamot essential oil drops is used to make sebum membrane on the surface of skin, so the quantity of influx into blood vessel was low. With the result that, atherosclerotic index(A.I) also was low in the group treated by Grapefruit essential oil. In the aspect of increasing cholesterol for obesity treatment, it was judged that the effect of treatment with Bergamot essential oil is somewhat slower than that with Grapefruit essential oil, but it is safer than the effect of treatment with Grapefruit essential oil in the aspect of health. 3. As a result of protein analysis, the groups applied UV-rays in the group of treated by Bergamot essential oil, the biggest change of protein's band was appeared under part of 20.0 1Kd in the change pattern of protein. As the trend of changing protein at the groups treated by SPF 15 and 30 was similar to that of the groups of the control, it was showed that the effect of sun cream can prevent the change of the composition of skin. In the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil, after the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil applied UV-rays, the biggest change of protein's bend was appeared the upper part of 43Kd in the change pattern of protein. It was also judged that it means the change of the composition of skin. However, the trend of changing protein at the groups treated by SPF 15 and 30 was also similar to that of the groups of the control. Eventually, it was also showed that it can prevent the change of the composition of skin by the effect of sun cream.