• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.12-21
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• 2001

For the purpose of determining characteristics of widely used commercial medical x-ray films, which are used for obtaining the Linac-grams for radiational treatment of cancers, we placed several commercial x-ray films at a fixed distance form the linear accelerator. After varying the exposed amount of radiation step by step, we could obtain a continually increasing density image for each film whose densities were determined by microdensitometer readings. The characteristic curves of the films were obtained by plotting the densities vs. the exposed radiation amounts, and their ${\gamma}$ values were determined. These values can be used to suggest a minimum necessary amount of exposed radiation to get a useful Linac-gram. The measured ${\gamma}$ values of the characteristic curves of the Kodak-DVP/RA-1 film were 1.73 when used 6MV x-ray, 1.70 when used 15MV of intensity. For the Konica-AX film, ${\gamma}$ values were 1.29 and 1.18 respectively. The result suggests that the effective conditions for high resolution of a L-gram be 6 MV of x-ray intensity and about 3 rad of exposed dose on a Kodak-DVP/RA-1 film.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1980

In dental roentgenograph it is of mutual benefit to the patient and the dentist to use the minimum amount of radiation capable of producing roentgenograms with maximum interprtive informations. Recent increases in the number of diagnostic x-ray examinations made in this country have caused attention to be paid to the quantity of radiation delivered to the population and operator. The purposes of this study was to assess the quality of dental x-ray units, the amount of films, the average processing procedures and the radiation protection methods in korea. The results were as following: 1. Most of radiation generating system were used in low voltage such as 60Kvp, 10㎃. 2. High sensitivity films such as 'D' group of Kodak or Rinn were mainly used and average 14.7 films used per weeks. 3. Some dentists practiced visual processing technic in simple dark room, and others used instant films. 4. 68.26% of patient held the film themselves, but 27.30% were assisted by dentists film holding. 5. In radiation protection method, 7.85% of dentists had protection equipments such as protective barrier, 2.73% wore protective apron, 27.9% made it a rules to avoid beam, and 7.51% used to maintain a distance from the radiation source.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.442-449
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the amount of cuspal deflection and linear polymerization shrinkage in resin composite and polyacid modified resin composite, For cuspal defelction and shrinkage measurement, Dyract AP, Compoglass F, Z100, Surefil. Pyramid, Synergy Compact, Heliomolar and Heliomolar HB were used. For measuring polymerization shrinkage, a custom made linometer (R&B, Daejon, Korea) was used The amount of shrinkage among materials was compared using One-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey's test at the $95\%$ of confidence level For measuring cuspal deflection of teeth, standardized MOD cavities were prepared in extracted maxillary premolars. After a self-etching adhesive was applied, cavities were bulk filled with one of the felling materials. Fifteen teeth were used for each material. Cuspal deflection was measured by a custom made cuspal-deflection measuring device. One-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey's test were used to determine differences between the materials at the $95\%$ of confidence level, Correlation of polymerization shrinkage and cuspal deflection were analyzed by regression analysis. The amount of polymerization shrinkage from least to greatest was Heliomolar, Surefil < Heliomolar HB < Z100, Synergy Compact < Dyract AP < Pyramid, Compoglass F (p<0.05). The amount of cuspal deflection from least to greatest was Z100, Heliomolar, Heliomolar HB, Synergy Compact Surefil < Compoglass F < Pyramid, Dyract AP (p < 0.05). The amount of polymerization shrinkage and cuspal deflection showed a correlation (p<0.001).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.76-88
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• 2015

Excessive spending and the ever-changing fashion trends lead to an increase in material production to meet consumers' needs, which also in turn, increase the amount of industrial waste and many harmful pollutants. To address this problem, this study aimed to utilize discarded jeans' parts, reconstructing them into edgy and functional designs for everyday products. Six pairs of discarded jeans were collected and were used to create six types of functional products -three types of baskets, a bag, a slipper, and a key-holder. The benefits of up-cycling outweigh recycling because it not only increases the recycling rate, but also decreases the amount of energy and cost, thereby increasing the efficiency in recreating new innovative products. These proposed up-cycling ideas will serve as a great alternative for consumers to actively participate in reducing carbon emission, water usage, and waste to landfill by utilizing used clothing. This will guide how consumers can extend the life of their used clothing, utilize recyclable items more thoroughly, and keep used clothing out of landfills.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.251-254
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• 1983

A comparative study was taken for pulmonary resection between group stapler used and not used. 1 ] There was no bronchopleural fistula in 22 cases of stapler used group, but in 4.5% in not used group. 2] The postoperative amount of fluid and air leakage through the chest tube were lesser in stapler used group. 3] The operating time was shorter in stapler used group because of lesser dissection of hilar structure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 2022

Micropiles consisting of steel bars and grouts are commonly used in underpinning methods to reinforce supports or to suppress the subsidence of existing structures. Recently, applications in the field of geotechnical engineering have expanded. Despite the increasing use of micropiles are used, the PHC or steel pile formula is still applied for the settlement amount of micropiles. Compared with field test results, the amount of micropile subsidence obtained from the existing method may result in a very large error in the displacement of the micropile. Therefore, it is difficult to utilize micropiles effectively. Hence, to solve this problem, this study evaluated the behaviors and support characteristics of micropiles through field compression and tensile tests, and proposed a method for predicting the amounts of their subsidence. To confirm the appropriateness of the proposed method, field test results and the results obtained using the proposed method were compared. It was found that the settlement amounts of the micropiles as predicted through the existing method were significantly overestimated (error ≈ 50-80%) relative to the field test results, whereas the settlement errors of the piles predicted through the proposed method decreased (error ≈6-32%). Thus, it is possible to reduce the previously overestimated amount of settlement, and the modified method of this study allows more efficient design than the conventional method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.576-586
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• 2015

This study compared and analyzed the consumption and amount of red pepper used in Baechu Kimchi (cabbage Kimchi) especially the amounts used in Kimchi recipes with respect to the passage of time from the 1930s to the 2010s. In this analysis, 78 recipes for cabbage Kimchi were taken from books, daily newspapers and magazines from 1930 to 2014 and collected for comparison. The result of the study showed that the consumption and inclusion of dried red pepper powder in cabbage Kimchi increased. The average consumption of red pepper in the 1930s was 5.75 g, and the number went up to 8.83 g in the 1940s, to 13.8 g in the 1950s, and to 20.25 g in the 1960s. The amount dramatically increased from 1970 to 1980 (53.37 g) and kept rising until 2010 (71.26 g). The average consumption of red pepper in cabbage Kimchi in the 2010s is about 12 times that of the 1930s.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.128-134
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• 1985

In order to study the effect of honey concentration on the quality of honeyed ginseng in the process of manufacturing honeyed ginseng, honeyed ginseng was manufactured under the various condition of honey concentration, 40 brix, 50 brix, 60 brix and 70 brix and the approximate composition, the yield and organoleptic test of them were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The higher honey concentration was used, the yield of honeyed ginseng was increased. 2. The higher honey concentration was used, the amount of total sugar was increased while the amount of crude saponin, crude protein. crude fat, crude fiber and crude ash was decreased. 3. Free sugars of honeyed ginseng consist of rhamnose, xylose, fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose, 4. The amount of saponin lost in the process of manufacturing honeyed ginseng was 2.5%-5.0%, therefore honey concentration was not so effective on the loss of saponin. 5. According to organoleptic test, H-3 and H-2 treating honey concentration at 60 brix and 50 brix was the best and better of all.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

The following research was initiated in order to compare the relationship between the amount of gunfire shot and its resulting heavy metal pollution rate. The research was conducted at two firing ranges located inside a military unit stationed in the rear strategical area, where one full distance firing range is used by soldiers in active service, and the other is used by recruits and reserves. The heavy metal pollution rate was measured also on water sample collected from the target zone while raining. Based on values such as the real amount of gunshot fired, amount of heavy metal in the soil of the target zone, and the degree of heavy metal pollution for each firing range, the research showed that although pollution rate was higher when more gunshots were fired, there was no close correlation between the two. The water samples showed that this might result from the soils containing heavy metals eroded and transported by rain due to the target zone having no vegetation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.267-271
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• 2019

A shingled PV module is manufactured by dividing and bonding. In this method, the solar cell is divided by lasers and bonded using electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs). Consequently, the manufacturing cost increases because a process step is added. Therefore, we aim to reduce the production cost by reducing the amount of Ag paste used in the solar cell front. Various electrode structures were designed and simulated. The number of fingers was optimized by designing thinner fingers, and the number of fingers with the maximum power conversion efficiency was confirmed. The simulation confirmed the maximum efficiency in the 4-divided electrode pattern. The amount of Ag paste used for each electrode pattern was calculated and analyzed. The number of fingers was optimized by decreasing the width of the finger; this will not only reduce the amount of Ag paste required but also the increase the efficiency.