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The Investment Chapter of the Korea-US FTA and its Implications for Environmental Matters (한.미 FTA 투자챕터(Chapter)와 환경문제)

  • Park, Deok-Young
    • Journal of Arbitration Studies
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.25-44
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    • 2014
  • Conflict between transnational environmental issues and foreign investment in capital-importing states can be commonly found. Actually, several investor-state dispute arbitration cases like Bilcon v. Canada, S.D. Myers v. Canada, and Metalclad v. Mexico concerned environmental matters. States are worried about their measures for securing the environment might be deemed to go against international investment agreements and foreign investors also are anxious because of excessive regulations. Against this backdrop, stakeholders attempt to strike a balance between securing foreign investment and preserving the environment. This article argues that the investment chapter of the Korea-US FTA tries to solve environment-investment collision in investor-state disputes. Before analyzing the provisions of the investment chapter most relevant to environmental issues, this article points out the most typical types of environmental clauses included in international investment agreements. The investment chapter of the Korea-US FTA has provisions which effectively prevent measures from becoming useless when those measures are legitimate measures relevant to environmental matters. This does not mean that the Korea-US FTA completely solves the conflict between environmental issues and the protection of foreign investment, but still it paves the way for a prudent solution which would hash out this thorny problem.

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Curriculum Analysis of Gerontological Nurse Practitioner Programs (노인전문간호사 교과과정 분석)

  • Lee, Hae Jung;Kim, Yeong Kyeong
    • Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.656-669
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: The purposes of this article were to analyze curricula of gerontological nurse practitioner(GNP) programs in the United States, to compare the curricula with Korean GNP programs, and to provide suggestions for better GNP programs in Korea. Methods: Top GNP programs in the United States were identified from the US NEWS and 12 universities were included in the analyses. Class distribution, credit hours, and clinical hours were analyzed and suggestions for Korean GNP programs were made. Results: Average credit hours for class lectures in the US GNP programs were 47 and emphases on physiology, pharmacology, physical assessment, and disease management were identified. Most US GNP programs(75%) provided health concerns for both middle aged and older adults. Not all US GNP programs included 'theory' or 'the introduction to GNP' classes, while these are required classes in the Korean GNP program. The mean clinical hours in the US GNP Programs were 537 which are much higher than those in the Korean GNP program. Conclusion: Based on the analyses, we can conclude that Korean GNP programs are lacking in many ways. Further evaluation and curricula modifications are required to settle down the program better and to have the graduates prepared more as internationally competent nurse practitioners.

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The Possibility of Investor-State Dispute under Korea US FTA in relation to Korean Environmental Impact Assessment: A Lesson from Bilcon v. Canada Case under NAFTA (환경영향평가제도를 둘러싼 한미FTA 투자분쟁의 가능성: Bilcon 대 캐나다 투자자-국가 간 소송 사례를 통한 교훈)

  • Lee, Taehwa
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.525-541
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    • 2012
  • This study aims to investigate the possibility of Investor-State Dispute under Korea US FTA in relation to Korean environmental impact assessment scheme. The study analyzes the Investor-State Dispute case between Bilcon of Delaware and the government of Canada. The case study shows that Bilcon challenged Canada with violations of NAFTA 1102, 1103 and 1105, arguing that Canada treated Bilcon in an arbitrary and discriminatory manner. The study analyzes two different scenarios that Korea could face with arbitration for alleged breach of its obligations under the Korea US FTA in relation to EIA scheme. From analyzing the case study in relation to two different scenarios, the study finds that problems previously identified and associated with EIA scheme in Korea could directly or indirectly cause Investor-State Dispute Settlement process between Korea and American investors. The study concludes that the risk of violating Korea US FTA related with Korean EIA could be reduced by creating Korean EIA scheme in a transparent and unarbitrary manner which guarantees fair public participation and elaborating the concrete meaning of sustainable development in EIA law.

A study on the tendency of Export & import in the korea machinery industry (우리나라 기계공업의 수ㆍ출입 동향에 대한 고찰)

  • 신용하
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.17 no.31
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    • pp.141-154
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    • 1994
  • This thesis looks out for the korean trade present condition of the korean machinery industry through time series data, analyze the problem about machinery industry by deepening the trade imbalance between JAPANESE and KOEA (The trabe balance of payment about machinery between JAPANESE and KOREA, US$7,750,000,000 in 1992, us$8,450,000 in 1993,US$9,500,000,000 in 1994 forecast), have shown a reform measure of the balance of payment with indicate the importance of rearing the machinery industry.

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A Low-profile Internal Antenna for GSM/GPS/DCS/US-PCS Mobile Handsets (GSM/GPS/DCS/US-PCS 대역 이동 단말기용 저자세 내장형 안테나)

  • Jung Woo-Jae;Jung Byung-Woon;Lee Hak-Yong;Lee Byungie
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.4 no.1 s.6
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, a quad-band antenna for GSM/GPS/DCS/US-PCS handsets is proposed. The proposed antenna is low-profile for mounting in limited inner space of a handset. It consists of three open points with quarter wave length for multi-band operation. The ground plane below the patch is removed for wide-bandwidth without the variation of antenna size and the slot is added at the center of the patch for convenient matching in high frequency band. It provides a enough bandwidth within VSWR 3:1 at all bands. In addition, the measured peak gains are between -2.19 and 2.09 in anechoic chamber (10m$\times$6m$\times$4m).

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Comparison between US NCAP and IIHS Side Impact Tests and a Study of Noise Factors of Side Impact Tests (US NCAP 및 IIHS 측면 충돌 시험법간 특성 비교 및 시험 시 오차 인자에 의한 영향 검토)

  • Junsuk Bae;Ho Kim;Young Myoung So
    • Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.12-20
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    • 2024
  • Side impact with MDB (moving deformable barrier) is common in side crash test protocols around the globe, most of which are quite similar to that of US NCAP side impact protocol but IIHS side impact protocol is considered to be the most harsh one due to the MDB's weight and impact speed. In this study US NCAP side impact and IIHS side impact test conditions are compared with respect to delta-V (impulse of the test vehicle), roll speed, and yaw speed as well as survival space (the smallest distance between the front driver seat cushion center to B pillar after the test). Error factors (friction between tire and ground, tolerance of vertical and longitudinal position of the MDB with respect to the test vehicle), which are resident in the test protocol is studied with respect to the global vehicle behavior (delta-V, roll, yaw) as well as survival space.

Performing Ultrasound-Guided Pharmacopuncture and Acupotomy for Nerve Entrapment in the Upper Extremity: A Guide for Teaching Procedural Skills

  • Taeseong Jeong;Eunbyul Cho;Sungha Kim;Seunghyun Oh;Suhak Kim;Jeongsu Park;Sungchul Kim
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.135-141
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    • 2024
  • The use of ultrasound (US)-guided interventions has rapidly increased in Korean medicine (KM) to ensure the safety and accuracy of invasive procedures, such as pharmacopuncture and acupotomy. Although hands-on training is important for the acquisition of skills, it requires considerable time and cost. A detailed guide on the procedure and treatment regions is needed to ensure hygiene and safety during US-guided procedures in KM practice. In this study, we present the overall procedure, target structures, and treatment approaches of US-guided pharmacopuncture and acupotomy for nerve entrapment in the upper extremities of the cubital and radial tunnel, posterior interosseous nerve, carpal tunnel, and Guyon's canal syndrome. We believe that the findings of our study will serve as a foundation for future clinical research, practice, and education on US-guided KM procedures. Further research involving US-guided interventions should specify target structures in three-dimension to delineate the treatment areas.

The Relationships between Sexual Intercourse and Health Risk Behaviors in Korean and US Adolescents

  • Ha, Yeongmi;Lee, Seungjin;Choi, Hyunkyung
    • Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.173-181
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: Early sexual intercourse is associated with poor health outcomes in adolescents. It is known that sexual intercourse coincides with other health risk behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and using drugs. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationships between sexual intercourse and health risk behaviors among Korean and US adolescents using nationally representative data. Methods: Data were collected from the 2011 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (29,676 students) and 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (10,135 high school students). Logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: In Korea, students who had sexual intercourse accounted for 7.0% in total. Among these, 9.7% were male and 4.2% were female students. In the US, a total of 51.3% students had sexual intercourse, and the proportion of the US male (49.3%) and female (53.4%) students who had sexual intercourse was similar. Korean and US students who experienced sexual intercourse were more likely to smoke, drink alcohol, and use drugs. Conclusion: Since the results of this study show the relationships between sexual intercourse and health risk behaviors, it is necessary to develop comprehensive sex education programs with effective strategies to reduce health risk behaviors in adolescents.

MTBE에 의한 지하수 오염

  • 조종수
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 2001.09a
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    • pp.9-12
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    • 2001
  • MTBE is a gasoline additive which is widely used in the world. Its use on the air pollution reduction has been proved very effective, but has generated serious problems of groundwater contamination. Its use will be banned gradually by US EPA and other states governments in US. In Korea, it has been used since 1987 and its consumption reaches about 700, 000 tons/year. Any problems related to the groundwater contamination has not been reported in Korea, yet due to the lack of investigation. In this presentation, I raise the MTBE problems with examples of MTBE contaminations in the US.

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Study on the Current Status and Future Vision of ROK-US Wargame Model Interoperability (한미 워게임모형 상호운용성의 현실태 및 향후 비전에 관한 연구)

  • Kwon, O-Jeong;Lee, Chong-Ho;Lee, Sang-Heon
    • Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, we discuss the current status of ROK-US wargame model interoperability and propose the future federation architecture. ROK and US Armed Forces have made an effort to make their wargame model interoperable to fulfill operational requirements since 1999. Currently, they have achieved some degree of their final goals even though there is long way to go. ROK Armed Forces is now considering future federation architecture. We propose the future federation architecture of ROK-US wargame model interoperability considering technical advantages and system availability. It will be the next federation architecture led by ROK side for the ROK Armed Forces joint exercise and ROK-US combined exercise.

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