• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.112-137
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• 1993

As the concern with the creation of environmental problems and regulations about them becomes internationally growing, environmental cooperations with countries concerned are emerging as the first item on the political agenda. In case of South Korea, cooperations with countries in the Asian region is needed urgently. In particular, cooperations with North Korea will be an important factor to reunify the Korean peninsula as well as to solve environmental problems in South Korea. Accordingly, it is necessary to seek feasible alternatives and possibilities of coping with international environment in South and North Korea. This study is limited to literature study based on collecting materials and the testimony of former residents in North Korea. The period of study ranges from May to December in 1992. The research findings show the following environmental problems and alternatives : It is recognized in South Korea that the creation of environmental problems is product of economic development. Currently, the Korean government makes an effort to revise environmental administration and law, to encourage environmental education, and to proceed with environmental technology policies by establishing environmental policies together with economic development plans. North Korea ascribes the cause of environmental problems to colonial exploitation by Japan and the U.S. Environmental pollutants in North Korea is relatively less than South Korea, provisions such as environmental conservation movement, environmental education, and environmental administration and law are not well organized in the country. However, North korea will speed up its economic development to solve economic crises. Therefore, it is expected that industrial wastes, corrosion of nature, and water pollution will result in serious environmental problems. The fields expected to cooperate with South and North Korea are in the following : South Korea may adopt the model of the former East and West Germany and proceed to cooperate with North Korea in public sector as well as private sector. The possible programs are such as academic exchange to conserve environment, joint research in the area of the Demilitarized Zone, conservation of ecosystems around Imjin and Pukhan Rivers, South Korea's support of advanced environmental technology and industrial and financial aid to North Korea. Conflicts between countries concerned in the North East Asian region will be caused by the responsibilities of pollutions because of the seashore development of the Yellow Sea by South Korea and increasing seashore industrial complexes around the Yellow Sea in China, Therefore, it is desirable that the two countries will participate in organizations related to environment. Joint projects between South and North Korea will be as follows : 1. Construction of long-range monitoring system : 2. Investigation of the state of pollutions around the Yellow Sea and alternatives : 3. Construction of joint monitoring system to regulate the movement of pollutants : 4. Cooperation of environmental technology and exchange of information ; and 5. Support of Cooperation of environment in private sector. Efforts to cooperate with North korea is expected to overcome differences between the two countries as well as to encourage unification of the korean peninsula, which will lead to reducing the cost of environmental recovery. These efforts will also contribute to the maintenance for peace and stability on the korean peninsula as well as in the North East Asian region.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3-35
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• 2001

$\ulcorner$The South-North Joint Declaration$\lrcorner$ of June 15, 2000 made by President Kim Dae Jung and National Defense Committee Chairman Kim Jong Il will contribute to the activation of economic exchange between south and north Korea. To realize the fundamental spirit of the South-North Joint Declaration, the authorities concerned of south and north Korea have reached an agreement titled $\ulcorner$Agreement on Settlement Procedure of Commercial Disputes$\lrcorner$ last December. In this connection, a speedy and reasonable settlement of commercial disputes arising therefrom is becoming a problem of vital importance between south and north Korea. Also, south and north arbitral institutions have to consider a possible arbitration agreement carefully to solve the disputes systematically under the Agreement, which will serve as an example for similar arrangements and possible harmonization in East-West commercial relations. A variety of dispute settlements including friendly consultations, conciliation and arbitration will be used more frequently within the framework of the bilateral agreements of governmental or non-governmental level which have been concluded in the past between socialist and capitalistic economy countries. There is a growing tendency that East-West trade parties recognize and accept the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules in their contracts. So it is advisable to use the UNCITRAL Rules in arbitrations of south and north Korea in case that the interested parties fail to agree on applicable rules. Finally it should be noted that pre-arbitral settlement called ‘joint conciliation’ should be reflected in the settlement mechanism of commercial disputes between south and north Korean parties as proved to be successful between the U.S. and China trade in the past.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.79-99
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• 2022

South Korea is at an important juncture in its history to decide whether to continue its investment to become a first-mover of artificial intelligence (A.I.) platform technology or stay as a fast follower. This paper compares South Korea's A.I. platform capacity to that of the United States, China and the European Union by reviewing publicly opened documents and reports on AI platform strategies and policies using the three elements of the national innovation capacity: common innovation infrastructure, cluster-specific conditions, and quality of linkages. This paper found three major areas the South Korean government can focus on in the A.I. platform industry. First, South Korea needs to increase its investment in the A.I. field and expand its public-private collaboration activities. Second, unlike the U.S. and the U.K., South Korea lacks data protection policies. Third, South Korea needs to build a high-performance system and environment to experiment with artificial intelligence technology and big data.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.367-385
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• 2004

이 연구에서는 남북한 초등학교 교과서에서 분수를 도입하는 과정을 분할분수와 동치분수로 나누어 비교하여 차이점을 파악하고 그에 관해 반성적으로 논의를 전개하였다. 논의 결과, 남한 교과서는 사과와 같은 구체물을 등분할하는 활동의 소재로 사용하고 있으나, 북한 교과서에는 그와 같은 구체물을 실제로 등분할하는 활동은 제시되어 있지 않았다. 남한의 교과서는 연속량의 등분할과 이산량의 등분할을 시간 간격을 두고 다루는데 비해, 북한 교과서는 분수 도입 시점에서 같이 다룬다는 것도 확인하였다. 측정 단위가 붙은 양분수의 사용 측면에서도 남북한 교과서는 차이를 드러냈다. 또한 외연적 방법에 따라 분수를 도입한다는 점에서는 공통적이지만, 남한과 북한은 활동과 의미에 어느 정도 초점을 두는가에 있어서 차이를 보였다. 동치분수를 도입하는 방식을 비교한 결과, 세 가지 차이점을 확인하였다. 가장 큰 차이는 동치분수를 구하는 직접적인 방법을 제공하는가, 동치분수의 특성과 동치 분수를 구하는 방법에 대한 탐구를 자극하는가하는 측면에서 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2005

Since the Agreement on Commercial Arbitration was signed by the Governments of South and North Korea last year, there has been quite a few discussions on the way for implementing the Agreement in both public and private sectors. The Department of Justice of South Korea was quite active in making the draft of arbitration rules representing the South Korean views in alliance with the Department of Reunification of South Korea and recently held an informal seminar to preview their draft. On the other hand, the Korea Arbitration Association, a main body of commercial arbitration which are composed of professors and lawyers, were carefully watching the steps and the draft made by the Department of Justice. The reasons are to assure that not only shall the commercial arbitration rules comply with comment norms of international arbitration but shall it be made to meet the needs of enterprises investing in the Special Economic District of Kaesung City in North Korea. The concerns of the Korea Arbitration Association can be accomplished if the Department of Justice would modify the provisions pointed out in the seminars. Five general principles shall be brought into the attention in promulgating the commercial arbitration rules. First, it should comply with the Agreement on Commercial Arbitration signed by South and North Korea. Second, it should accept common rules contained in UNCITRAL arbitration rules. Third, it should boost the promptness of proceedings when a case was filed. Fourth, it should feature unique aspects of trade between South Korea and Korea by differentiating it from purely international trade between a country and a country. Lastly, it should combine the respective rules of both South and North Korea, currently in effect. With the above five principles accomplished, it should be noted that the Agreement on Commercial Arbitration the upper authority of arbitration rules, mandates the following features. It declared that arbitration be processed by three arbitrators. Single arbitrator is not permitted. Arbitration can be adopted even if an arbitration clause does not exist in an agreement by the parties, provided that the dispute arose out of the scope of the Agreement on investment Guarantee signed by South Korea and North Korea. It excluded quick and simplified procedures even if the amount of claim in arbitration is minimal. All the procedures should take a formal procedure. It let the double administration offices operate. One is to sit in Seoul of South Korea and the other is to sit in Pyongyang of North Korea. This would intimidate the fastness of procedures. With the above principles and the features considered, each provision in the draft by the Department of Justice should be reviewed and suggested for change.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2023

This study suggests integration scheme for agricultural governance of South and North Korea after unification by comparing and analyzing their current agricultural governance, assuming drastic changes of economic system in integration process after unification. The North Korea's critical food shortage will force reformation of its agricultural governance to be the top priority in integration process after unification. The agricultural governance of South and North Korea has comparable structures. However, the North Korea's agricultural governance is extremely inefficient because it is established for political purposes. The integration scheme suggested includes expansion of Rural Development Administration, integration of research institutes, establishment of branch of Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, transformation of existing North Korea's organization into South Korea's system and preparation of training programs for North Korea's officials.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2021

Purpose: Previous studies have reported the difference in nutritional status between South and North Korean infants and young children (IYC). Clear understanding on the nature of such differences is essential for planning food and nutrition policies and programs to prepare for a possible re-unification of the two Koreas in future. This study was undertaken to yield valid statistics comparing the nutritional status between North and South Korean IYC. Methods: Raw data obtained from the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart and the 2013-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to determine the comparable statistics that include weight for age z-score (WAZ), height for age z-score (HAZ) and weight for height z-score (WHZ), with data reported in the Survey Findings Report of the 2017 DRP Korea Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. The average weight and height by gender and month were estimated for North Korean IYC and calculated for South Korean IYC. SPSS analysis was applied to evaluate the acquired statistics and compare the nutritional status of South and North Korean IYC. Results: WAZ, HAZ and WHZ of North Korean IYC were observed to be lower than values obtained for South Korean IYC as well as the median values of World Health Organization Child Growth Standards across all ages. Similar patterns were observed for average height and weight. The nutritional status of North Korean IYC revealed a prevalence of highly underweight (9.3%), stunting (19.1%) and wasting (2.5%) values, and was determined to be significantly lower than values obtained for South Korean IYC (0.8%, 1.8%, and 0.7%, respectively). Conclusion: This study has yielded valid statistics that compare the nutritional status of North and South Korean IYC. Results of this study confirm the prevalence of nutritional status difference between South and North Korea.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1999년도 The 7th Summer Workshop of the Membrane Society of Korea
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• pp.111-113
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• 1999

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2012

South Korea has made remarkable achievements and gained many experiences on waste disposal and recycling, which help our country to develop cyclic economy and construct a harmonious society. This paper summarizes the policies, regulations and specific practices on waste disposal and recycling including industrial waste and household waste in South Korea so as to provide some references for the establishment of policies related to the waste recycling in our country.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국벤처창업학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.187-190
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• 2018

The study examines the effects of the regulation on cryptocurrency market, investigating a case in South Korea. As South Korea has one of the largest market share of the cryptocurrency market for the time being, its regulation in South Korea affected the entire markets around the World. This research in progress will use the method of difference-in-differences to assess the effects of regulation to the market. The findings indicate that there is a significant reduction of the Bitcoin price and the price volatility was significantly reduced by about 58% after the regulation of the cryptocurrency market. More so the trading activity indicates a huge decline after regulation was implemented.