• Title/Summary/Keyword: the Solar System

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A Study for Examples of Fire including with Combustible Substance and electrical overload in Automotive Inside Room (자동차 실내 인화성물질과 전기과부하에 의한 화재관련 사례 연구)

  • Han, Jae Oh;Ham, Sung Hoon;Lim, Ha Young;Lee, Il Kwon
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.38-43
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    • 2014
  • This paper is to analyze and study the failure examples of fire by inflammables and electric contact faulty in interior of vehicle. The first example, the driver used to air freshener that remove the air conditioner bad smell. He get out of a car. And then, he put it on the crash pad. Before long, a fire breaks out because of explosion solar radiation. The second example, the driver used in room of a car. It certified the fire by disconnection phenomenon happened the electric overload. The third example, the driver install the heat rays to warm his body, In the initial stages, it didn't seek the dangerous of fire during using a car to 5,000km. This heat rays become to down durability so that produced the electric overload in an instant. The fourth example, after the man smoked the cigarette on riding with rear seat, he put it on seat in vehicle no extinguishing the burning cigarette. It knew the fact that burnt to ashes a car by on well combustible paper. Thus, the driver must consider a countermeasure for minimize the fire production when he use the inflammable and install adding electric system.

Assessing Future Water Demand for Irrigating Paddy Rice under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) Scenario Using the APEX-Paddy Model (APEX-paddy 모델을 활용한 SSPs 시나리오에 따른 논 필요수량 변동 평가)

  • Choi, Soon-Kun;Cho, Jaepil;Jeong, Jaehak;Kim, Min-Kyeong;Yeob, So-Jin;Jo, Sera;Owusu Danquah, Eric;Bang, Jeong Hwan
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.63 no.6
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2021
  • Global warming due to climate change is expected to significantly affect the hydrological cycle of agriculture. Therefore, in order to predict the magnitude of climate impact on agricultural water resources in the future, it is necessary to estimate the water demand for irrigation as the climate change. This study aimed at evaluating the future changes in water demand for irrigation under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) scenarios for paddy rice in Gimje, South Korea. The APEX-Paddy model developed for the simulation of paddy environment was used. The model was calibrated and validated using the H2O flux observation data by the eddy covariance system installed at the field. Sixteen General Circulation Models (GCMs) collected from the Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) and downscaled using Simple Quantile Mapping (SQM) were used. The future climate data obtained were subjected to APEX-Paddy model simulation to evaluate the future water demand for irrigation at the paddy field. Changes in water demand for irrigation were evaluated for Near-future-NF (2011-2040), Mid-future-MF (2041-2070), and Far-future-FF (2071-2100) by comparing with historical data (1981-2010). The result revealed that, water demand for irrigation would increase by 2.3%, 4.8%, and 7.5% for NF, MF and FF respectively under SSP2-4.5 as compared to the historical demand. Under SSP5-8.5, the water demand for irrigation will worsen by 1.6%, 5.7%, 9.7%, for NF, MF and FF respectively. The increasing water demand for irrigating paddy field into the future is due to increasing evapotranspiration resulting from rising daily mean temperatures and solar radiation under the changing climate.

Design Analysis of Hydraulic Excavator since 1990 (1990년대 유압굴삭기 조형 분석에 관한 연구)

  • 윤진필;문무경
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.233-242
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    • 2000
  • The traditional image of hydraulic excavator started to change in two ways since 1990. First, post-heavy equipment's visual image was new waves to traditional image of heavy, strong, and wild. They are the negative aspect that excavators have. Another movement of getting rid of its negative image can be found in late-heavy equipment, which was intended to adapt traditional and positive, but off negative images. In 1990s, the design trend is moving from warm/hard to warm/soft, and KOBELCO can be exceptional example that went even further, gone up to cool-soft image. KOBELCO specially aimed 'post- excavator image' strategy, which has been successful. Image of cabin as a human space changed little bit further than outside image. Each company tried to differentiate the design of cabin focusing on its safety. Following paragraphs show specific trend of image change in form, colour, texture, and the composition. Major visual image change in form tries to follow the image of cars and home appliances which are showing the movement from tough and hard image to soft one. Structural change on local image shows the movement from angular edge to edgeless and the movement of cabin's pillar C placed to back of the equipment with gentle inclination. All of these movements are the result of effort to improve traditional excavator's negative image, that top structure is assembled separately, to positive ones. Today's tendency about its color becomes important to apply two different colour styles. Each style has brightness and tone comparison. As an enormous power convey system, it was in common that its brightness comparison was useful because of the alarm of its damage possibility. However, as its colour control and its design have been emphasized gradually, the tone comparison takes a part in an important role, too. As an example, there is an occasion that these comparisons are compromised simultaneously. In the respect of its image creation, its texture treatments make the tendency of being the same as passenger cars. It is caused from its development of the manufacture techniques of from the fabrication method in small business to the press method in big firm. Further, it is also because of its improvement of painting & coating skills. It may prohibit the reflection effect from solar rays. In the point of view of its visual images, it is recognized the prominent tendency that its composition has been gradually decreased. Lots of windows and the frames tends dark-colour as a whole. It is more preferred to have one colour image, but except KOBELCO and HITACHI. As well, there is another high-tendency to improve its standard treatments, especially for its corner and texture treatments.

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Culture and Ecology-Oriented City Marketing: A Case Study of Gangneung City (문화.생태를 이용한 도시마케팅 사례 연구)

  • Heo, Chung-Uk
    • Korean Business Review
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.157-179
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    • 2009
  • This papers aims to focus on the city marketing as the green growth policy strategies using a case study of Gangneung City, Republic of Korea. In the case study it was verified the fields of urban growth including ecology, culture, alternative and recycled energy, green transportation system. The implications of the study were as follows: First, the city government had regenerated the coastal pine forest through removing unlicensed buildings which were squatted down in decades. Secondly, the city government has recognized the value of culture that possessed various types of cultural asserts. Thirdly, it is possible to use and produce the ocean energy with the tidal power plant, wind power plant and green deep water because Gangneung City has the ocean-oriented image and is located the coastal region. Lastly, the city government has been utilizing the LED traffic light using solar heat and is going to apply the green car like an electric car. This paper indicates the importance of the alternatives of the green growth-oriented policy through city marketing using the concept of culture and ecology. The city government will strive after an advanced triple bottom line with the ecological sustainability, cultural diversity and economic effectiveness in the near future.

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Polarimetry of solar system small bodies using the Seoul National University 61cm telescope and TRIPOL

  • Jin, Sunho;Ishiguro, Masateru;Kwon, Yuna Grace;Geem, Jooyeon;Bach, Yoonsoo P.;Seo, Jinguk;Sasago, Hiroshi;Sato, Shuji
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.64.2-64.2
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    • 2019
  • It is known that lights scattered by comets and asteroids are partially polarized. From polarimetric observations of those objects, we can investigate physical properties, such as albedos, sizes of cometary dust particles and regolith of asteroids. Since the polarization degrees of those objects highly depend on their phase angles (Sun-object-observer's angles), long-term monitoring observations are required. Moreover, comets show unforeseeable activations (i.e., outbursts) which need follow-up observations to understand the mechanism. In order to realize such monitoring and transient observations, we installed the Triple-Range Imager and POLarimeter (TRIPOL) on the 61cm telescope of Seoul National University (Hereafter, SNU) Gwanak campus. With this combination, we can obtain g', r', i' bands photopolarimetric images simultaneously with $8.0^{\prime}{\times}8.0^{\prime}$ field of view and pixel resolution of 0.94" pixel-1. Here, we make a presentation regarding the photometric and polarimetric performances of TRIPOL on the SNU 61cm telescope. In addition, we introduce initial polarimetric results of asteroid and comets with the instruments. First, we determine the limiting magnitudes (defined as magnitudes for S/N=5) of $15.17{\pm}0.06$ (g'-band), $15.68{\pm}0.01$ (r'-band), $16.24{\pm}0.03$ (I'-band), respectively, with total 240-seconds exposure (four 60-seconds exposure images, each was taken at different rotation angle for the half-wave plate). Second, we found that the instrumental polarization is negligibly small, ($-0.32{\pm}0.04%$ in the g', $-0.36{\pm}0.05%$ in the r' and $-0.21{\pm}0.04%$ in the i'-bands), while the polarization efficiencies are large enough to maximize the performance (i.e., $97.52{\pm}0.03%$ in the g', $98.83{\pm}0.02%$ in the r' and $99.15{\pm}0.02%$ in the i'-bands). With the instruments, we made observations of three Jupiter-family comets, 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, 38P/Stephan-Oterma, and 46P/Wirtanen and plan to observe one near-Earth asteroid, (433) Eros, on a trial basis. Especially for comets, we discriminate signals from dust and gas to eliminate gas contamination, which are known to change observed degree of linear polarization, using multi-band images. We confirm that the phase angle dependency of these comets are consistent with previous observations, probably because polarimetric property of Jupiter-family comets are broadly homogeneous unlike asteroids. We will also describe future observation plans using TRIPOL and SNU 61cm telescope.

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Theoretical and quantitative structural relationships of the electrochemical properties of Cis-unsaturated thiocrown ethers and n-type material bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells as supramolecular complexes [X-UT-Y]@R (R = PCBM, p-EHO-PCBM, and p-EHO-PCBA)

  • Taherpour, Avat Arman;Biuki, Farzaneh
    • Journal of Information Display
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.145-152
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    • 2011
  • Since the discovery of fullerenes as a class of nanostructure compounds, many potential applications have been suggested for their unusual structures and properties. The isolated pentagon rule (IPR) states that all pentagonal carbon rings are isolated in the most stable fullerene. Fullerenes $C_n$ are a class of spherical carbon allotrope group with unique properties. Electron transfer between fullerenes and other molecules is thought to involve the transfer of electrons between the molecules surrounding the fullerene cage. One class of electron transfer molecules is the methanofullerene derivatives ([6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), 4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-[6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid methyl ester (p-EHO-PCBM), and 4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-[6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid (p-EHO-PCBA), 10-12). It has been determined that $C_{60}$ does not obey IPR. Supramolecular complexes 1-9 and 10-12 are shown to possess a previously unreported host.guest interaction for electron transfer processes. The unsaturated, cis-geometry, thiocrown ethers, (1-9) (described as [X-UT-Y], where X and Y indicate the numbers of carbon and sulfur atoms, respectively), are a group of crown ethers that display interesting physiochemical properties in the light of their conformational restriction compared with a corresponding saturated system, as well as the sizes of their cavities. Topological indices have been successfully used to construct mathematical methods that relate structural data to various chemical and physical properties. To establish a good relationship between the structures of 1-9 with 10-12, a new index is introduced, ${\mu}_{cs}$. This index is the ratio of the sum of the number of carbon atoms ($n_c$) and the number of sulfur atoms ($n_s$) to the product of these two numbers for 1-9. In this study, the relationships between this index and oxidation potential ($^{ox}E_1$) of 1-9, as well as the first to third free energies of electron transfer (${\Delta}G_{et(n)}$, for n = 1-3, which is given by the Rehm-Weller equation) between 1-9 and PCBM, p-EHO-PCBM, and p-EHO-PCBA (10-12) as [X-UT-Y]@R(where R is the adduct PCBM, p-EHO-PCBM, and p-EHO-PCBA group) (13-15) supramolecular complexes are presented and investigated.

An Observation Study of the Relationship of between the Urban and Architectural Form and Microclimate (도시·건축형태와 미기후의 관계에 대한 관찰 연구)

  • Lee, Gunwon;Jeong, Yunnam
    • Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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    • v.8 no.11
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    • pp.109-119
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    • 2018
  • This study investigates the effect of urban and architectural forms on the microclimate in urban areas. It applies urban and architectural elements such as urban form and tissue and building form and characteristics as the main influences on the microclimate within urban area. Among the 23 Automated Weather Stations (AWS) installed within Seoul city by the Korea Meteorological Administration, 6 sites were selected for the analysis, based on their different urban and architectural characteristics, and actual measurements were conducted in August 2017 using individual AWS equipment. Also, the measurements of microclimate and urban and architectural elements within a 500m radius of the AWS measurement points were collected and analyzed. The result of the analysis shows that the microclimate elements, such as wind speed, solar radiation, and temperature, were affected by the direction of the streets, the width, depth, and height of the buildings, the topographic elevation and direction and the traffic volume. This study is expected to contribute to mitigating urban heat island effect and setting the foundation for sustainable cities through development of urban management methods and techniques including the relationship between built environment elements and microclimate.

SEARCHING MINOR PLANETS AND PHOTOMETRIC QUALITY OF 60cm REFLECTOR IN GIMHAE ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY (김해천문대 60cm 반사망원경의 측광성능 분석과 소행성 탐사)

  • Lee, Sang-Hyun;Kang, Yong-Woo;Lee, Kyung-Hoon
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.209-218
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, we have presented the observational result for the photometric quality of main telescopes in Gimhae Astronomical Observatory. Also we performed the observation of searching new minor planets as competitive work in public observatories. The observation was carried out using 60cm telescope of Gimhae Astronomical Observatory on 2007 January 13. And, $Sch\ddot{u}ler$ BVI filters and 1K CCD camera (AP8p) were used. To define the quality of CCD photometry, we observed the region of well-known standard stars in the open cluster M67. From observed data, The transformation coefficients and airmass coefficients were obtained, and the accuracy of CCD photometry was investigated. From PSF photometry, we obtained the color-magnitude diagram of M67, and considered the useful magnitude limit and the physical properties of M67. This method can be successfully used to confirm the photometric quality of main telescope in public observatories. To investigate the detection possibility of unknown object as astroid, we observed the near area of the opposition in the ecliptic plane. And we discussed the result. Our result show that it can be possible to detect minor planets in solar system brighter than $V{\sim}18.3mag$. and it can carry out photometric study brighter than V 16mag. in Gimhae Astronomical Observatory. These results imply that the public observatories can make the research work.

Accuracy Evaluation of Terrain Correction of High Resolution SAR Imagery with the Quality of DEM (DEM 품질에 따른 고해상도 SAR 영상의 지형 보정 정확도 평가)

  • Lee, Kyung Yup;Byun, Young Gi;Kim, Youn Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.30 no.6_1
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    • pp.519-528
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    • 2012
  • It was pointed out that the terrain distortion of SAR image is even worse than that of optical image although SAR imagery has the advantages of being independent of solar illumination and weather conditions. It is thus necessary to correct terrain distortion in SAR image for various application areas to integrate SAR and optical image information. There has to be a clear evaluation of terrain correction of high resolution SAR image according to the quality of DEM because the DEM of study site is generally used in the process of terrain correction. To achieve this issue, this paper compared the effects of quality of Digital Elevation Model(DEM) in the process of terrain correction of high resolution SAR images, using the DEM produced from 1:5000 topographic contour maps, LiDAR DEM, ASTER GDEM, SRTM DEM. We used TerraSAR-X and Cosmo-SkyMed, as the test data set, which are constructed on the same X-band SAR system as KOMPSAT-5. In order to evaluate quantitatively the correction results, we conducted comparative evaluation with the KOMPSAT-2 ortho image of the same region. The evaluation results showed that the DEM produced from 1:5000 topographic contour maps achieved successful results in the terrain correction of SAR image compared with the other DEM data, and the widely used SRTM DEM data in various applications was not suitable for the terrain correction of high resolution SAR images.

Development and Application of Middle School STEAM Program Using Big Data of World Wide Telescope (WWT 빅데이터를 활용한 중학교 STEAM 프로그램 개발 및 적용)

  • You, Samgmi;Kim, Hyoungbum;Kim, Yonggi;Kim, Heoungtae
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.33-47
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    • 2021
  • This study developed a big data-based STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art & Mathematics) program using WWT (World Wide Telescope), focusing on content elements of 'solar system', 'star and universe' in the 2015 revised science curriculum, and in order to find out the effectiveness of the STEAM program, analyzed creative problem solving, STEAM attitude, and STEAM satisfaction by applying it to one middle school 176 students simple random sampled. The results of this study are as follows. First, we developed a program to encourage students to actively and voluntarily participating, utilizing the astronomical data platform WWT. Second, in the paired t-test based on the difference between the pre- and post-scores of the creative problem solving measurement test, significant statistical test results were shown in 'idea adaptation', 'imaging', 'analogy', 'idea production' and 'elaboration' sub-factors except 'attention task' sub-factor (p < .05). Third, in the paired t-test based on the difference between the pre- and post-scores of the STEAM attitude test, significant statistical test results were shown in 'interest', 'communication', 'self-concept', 'self-efficacy' and 'science and engineering career choice' sub-factors except 'consideration' and 'usefulness / value recognition' sub-factors (p < .05). Fourth, in the STEAM satisfaction test conducted after class application, the average values of sub-factors were 3.16~3.90. The results indicated that students' understanding and interest in the science subject improved significantly through the big data-based STEAM program using the WWT.