• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.830-836
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• 2019

A diverse range of products are currently being sold; however, it is very difficult to purchase All-in-One patterns that reflect the body types of the elderly stage in the open market. This study is to develop specialized All-in-One patterns by assessing obese body types characteristics of the elderly social class. Five healthy women with typical obese body types in the elderly stage with busts, waists, and hips surpassing 100 cm were chose as test subjects. The three subjects for the wearing experiment are those with more than one year of experience wearing a bodysuit. A self-evaluation was made three times by looking in the mirror. The data from this study was processed to find averages and deviations; in addition, and a t-test was performed using the SPSS 24 statistical software. A total of 13 body parts were measured prior to and while wearing the specialized All-in-One patterns. Significant results were obtained from all 12 items. All-in-One for research appears to have produced a high level of satisfaction for subjects. This study can provide basic data on elevating the levels of satisfaction of the consumers in their elderly stages with special body types that deviate from standard body types at the time of wearing garments as well as for inner-wear companies to graft this market as a high-value-added niche market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.2 s.161
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• pp.177-188
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide basic materials for the brief patterns and design development for the elderly women to select number 1 to 3 brands according to their brand preference surveying the elderly women with average shapes, and to compare and analyze the exterior fit and functionality. Accordingly, this study proposed basic materials needed for panty pattern suitable for average shapes of the elderly women. The results of the study are as follows: 1 . Looking into the style, they preferred white the best. Regarding the patterns, almost half preferred patterns and rest of them did not. With the panty with patterns, they wanted small and implicit flower patterns. The design they liked was midi, maxi and then mini in order. When looking into the brands, they preferred 'Company B', 'Company SS', 'Company SY', and then market products. The reason why they selected those panty was feeling of fitness, price and then material. 2. To classify the figures of elderly women, we grouped the subjects with strata method using minimal dispersion method. Type 1 is the average, type 2 is for obese women and type 3 is slender women. 3. 3 brands were selected that were produced using CM 40's and elderly women preferred best. When executing wearing test on two elderly women who have average figure according to the body measures in previous study and body measure of Size Korea total exterior evaluation score was Company A, B and C in order.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.569-578
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the lower body shape of varus-typed elderly women. This study intentionally collected elderly women at age 65 years or older who seemed to have a lower body shape of varus-type, and the data of 100 women were used for final analysis. The results are as follows. Elderly women with a lower body shape of varus-type were shorter than regular elderly women and had small circumference and weak lower body. To classify the body shapes, factor analysis was conducted which drew a total of 3 factors, with 74.11% of accumulative variance. Cluster analysis was performed according to factor analysis and the body shapes were divided into 3 types. Type 1 was a body shape with the most severe varus-type that had small measured values of height and the highest BMI. Type 2 was a group of women with a large build with a relatively small tendency of varus-type. Type 3 was a group of women who were not obese, had long lower bodies, and varus-type with small circumference, which were similar to Type 1. Therefore, this study on the body shape is expected to be used as a basic data for the development of the clothes for straightening the varus-typed lower body shape in the future.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2006

This study was purposed to present the basic data on the elderly women's somatotype to develop new briefs design with high body-adaptability. The subjects were 115 elderly women in the 60s and 70s and the factor analysis for 32 directly measured values of the body parts was carried out to sort out the constituent factors of the elderly women's bodies, and finally 4 factors were decided. The first factor was the thickness of the trunk and the degree of the obesity in the center of the width, thickness and circumference. The second factor is the perpendicular size of the body with high loads on the longitudinal direction of the body. The third factor was the leg shape. The last factor was the degree of the sagging hip. The elderly women's somatotype was classified into 3 types. The first type was the 'mean somatotype' with the biggest height and the longest lower half body of the three types. The second type was the 'obese somatotype' with the mean height and length of the lower body and with the largest circumference and width. The last type was the 'skinny somatotype' with the smallest values of all the items in the perpendicular size and the degree of the obesity.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 1994

This research examines classifying and characterizing breast form's classification on elderly women, 242 subjects from 55 to 75 years of age participated. 27 direct anthropometric measurement were applied to classify the breast typesl. We analyzed measurement data using factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance. The results of the study were as follows. 1) 55-64 aged group was taller and higher than 65-79 aged group. Typical breast form in 55-64 aged group was more obese than breast form in 65-79 aged group. 2) We extracted 5 factors(obesity of breast, height of breast, height of breast items, location & size of breast, width of upper chest & shouldet length, height of breast & lower length of nipples) from total items through factor analysis. 3) Through cluster analysis, we categorized 3 clusters. Namely, type 1; characterized the best slender type, type 2; characterized middle sized type, type 3: characterized obesity type. Type 2 is the typical type on elderly women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.26
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• pp.279-288
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• 1995

The objective of the study was to provide fun-damental data on somatotype for elderly women by classifying the somatotype and analyzing the characteristics of their somatotype. The subjects were 368 women ages of 60∼84, they were measured direct anthropometry. In or-der to find out differences among the age groups, the 368 subjects were grouped into two age groups(Group 1 aged 60 to 69, Group 2 ; aged 70 to 84) Data were analyzed using Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, Duncan test and Analysis of variance. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The characteristics of Elderly women's somatotype were bending of the upper-torso, fat-ness of the waist and abdomen, drooping of the bust and shoulder and hip. In addition, height, girth, depth and width items were decreased in their sizes respectively. 2. Through the factor analysis, we extracted 5 factors from anthropometric measurements. Factor components were obesity, height, girth of the leg and arm, length of the upper-torso except the center front length, the center front length, we categorized by 4 clusters using 5 factor scores. And after the cluster analysis using 5 factor scores, 4 clusters were categorized. The characteristics of clusters were as follows. Type 1 was characterized by short, obesity type, and droopy bust. Type 2 was characterized by short and slender type, dropped bust, and bending somatotype from the lateral view. Type 3 was characterized by middle sized and straight somatotype from the lateral view. Type 4 was characterized by tall and obese type from the lateral view.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5180-5188
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-weeks aquarobics on metabolic syndrome risk factors and health fitness in 25 abdominally obese elderly women. As the results, while waist circumference(87.40/82.76cm, p<.01) decreased, HDL-C(41.13/45.42mg/dl, p<.05) increased after the exercise program. Blood pressure and TG, however, decreased with no significance. And while muscle strength increased(17.06/19.08kg, p<.05), the increase in flexibility, muscle endurance, and cardiopulmonary endurance and the decrease in body fat showed some positive effects of the exercise program. In conclusion, we found that the aquarobics improves the aging-induced deterioration in the muscular skeletal function by lowering abdominal obesity and improving metabolic syndrome and physical fitness for health. In addition, the aquarobics can be an effective alternative to an aerobics or a resistance exercise on the ground.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.694-703
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• 2010

Recent studies have reported that a subset of obese individuals who were metabolically healthy but obese had more favorable clinical outcomes than obese subjects with metabolic disturbances. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution and agreement of obesity subtypes according to body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Furthermore, we examined the differences of nutrient intake among the groups. Data was analyzed for 1,095 female subjects older than 40 years using Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2008. The degree of obesity was classified by two methods, using BMI (obese ${\geq}\;25\;kg/m^2$, not obese < $25\;kg/m^2$) and MS (meet ${\geq}\;3$ criteria among 5 index: waist circumference, triglyceride, glucose, HDL-cholesterol and blood pressure). Subjects were divided into 4 groups according to $2{\times}2$ cross table: non-obese without MS, non-obese with MS, obese without MS and obese with MS. Nutrient intakes were compared among 4 groups. The results showed that the proportions of non-obese without MS, non-obese with MS, obese without MS and obese with MS were 47.6%, 13.6%, 16.6%, and 22.2% of total subjects, respectively. The agreement (kappa value) of two methods was 0.354 (fair) in total subjects, 0.365 (fair) in 40-60 year old subjects and 0.304 (fair) in ${\geq}\;61$ year old subjects. In ${\geq}\;61$ years old subjects, intakes of percentage energy from carbohydrate, percentage of energy from fat, calcium, phosphorous, sodium, vitamin A, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin were significantly different among the groups. In contrast, the subjects of 40-60 years old, no differences in nutrient intakes were observed. In conclusion, there were differences in nutrient intakes among the groups subdivided by obesity and MS, especially in elderly female subjects. Individualized dietary guideline for subtype of obesity will be needed to treat metabolic disturbance of obesity.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.26-32
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• 2021

[Purpose] This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of hypertension according to the body mass index (BMI) and relative handgrip strength (RHGS) among elderly individuals in Korea. [Methods] We analyzed the data of 44,183 Korean elderly individuals over 65 years old (men: n = 15,798, age = 73.31 ± 5.04 years, women: n = 28,385, age = 72.14 ± 5.04 years) obtained from the Korean National Fitness Assessment in 2019. All the participants were categorized into three groups according to the BMI and RHGS; additionally, one-way ANOVA and logistic regression analysis were performed. [Results] Overweight (men: 1.16 odds ratio [OR] 1.06-1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]; women: 1.15 OR, 1.07-1.23 95% CI) and obese (men: 1.54 OR, 1.42-1.66 95% CI; women: 1.44 OR, 1.36-1.53 95% CI) elderly individuals showed a higher prevalence of hypertension than elderly individuals with normal weight, after controlling for age. In men, a lower RHGS was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension after controlling for age (weak RHGS: 1.09 OR, 1.00-1.17 95% CI; middle RHGS: 1.21 OR, 1.12-1.31 95% CI vs. strong RHGS). [Conclusion] A higher BMI was associated with the prevalence of hypertension in the elderly Korean population. In addition, a lower RHGS was associated with the prevalence of hypertension in elderly Korean men.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2002

Since the 1970s, the average life expectancy of Koreans has been increasing. Our concerns are not simply about longevity, but also about disability-free life. lately, Sasang constitutional medicine has attracted public attention, especially with respect to the elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the food habits, nutrients intake, and disease distribution among the elderly, according to their Sasang constitutions. The results are as follow : The distribution of constitutions of the subjects were Tae-eum 48.8%, So-yang 27.4%, So-eum 22.6%, and So-yang + So-eum 1.2%. In both elderly men and women, body weight, percent ideal body weight, and diastolic pressure of the Tae-eum were significantly higher than those of other constitutions. In both men and women, the level of hemoglobin in the Tae-eum was significantly higher than those of other constitutions. The level of LDL-cholesterol was higher, and the level of HDL-cholesterol was lower in the So-eum elderly women. Food habits of the So-eum were the most irregular, and nutrients intake of the So-eum was lower than that of other constitutions in both elderly men and women. In elderly men, the incidence of hypertension was the highest in the Tae-eum, and the incidence of gastritis was the highest in both So-yang and So-eum. In elderly women, the incidence of fatty liver was the highest in the Tae-eum and So-yang, and gastritis and hypertension were the highest in the So-eum. In the elderly, obese and anemic persons were significantly more in the Tae-eum and the So-eum, respectively. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences of physical, characeristics, food, habits, and distributions of disease for the subjects according to each Sasang constitutions. Intake of nutrient was poor, regardless of Sasang constitutions, in both men and women.