• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.143-169
• /
• 1980

The most good library's service will be accomplished for the system of user centralized and we can't expect the development of school library without student's use. This research has been designed for an attempt to know why students don't use the school library. The methods employed to achieve the purpose of this study are (1) To establish some tentative factors affecting the school library's use or nonuse (2) to get necessary data, a questionnaire was made according to the tentative factors. A questionnaire was sent to teacher and students in the 4 sample high schools in Seoul. The followings are the am lysed results. (1) School library's collection are poor. (2) The school library's equipment and position are bad. (3) The guide or use instruction of school library are not carried out. (4) Teacher librarian can not reach the demand of the society and the atmosphere of library are not good. (5) The books are not lent to students and the circulation procedure are complicated. (6) Our country's educational programme does not organize to promote using the school library. (7) Teachers' knowledge for using the library are poor. (8) Entrance examination of the university disturbed to use the school library. (9) The school administration are not enough to understand about the school library.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2020

The paper investigates the mechanism through which corporate credit ratings affect dividend payments by decomposing the mean difference of dividends into a part that is explained by the determinants of dividends and a residual part that is contributed by the pure credit group effect, in the framework of the traditional dividend model of Fama and French (2001). Historically, better credit rated firms have shown consistently higher propensity to pay dividends especially during the economic crisis period. According to the counter-factual decomposition technique of Jann (2008), better rated firms are more responsive to the firm characteristics that have positive impact on dividends and poor rated firms are more responsive to the negative dividend predictors. As a result, good (bad) credit ratings make corporate managers become more bold (timid) in their dividend payments and they tend to pay more (less) dividends than what their firm characteristics prescribe. The degree of information asymmetry increases for the poor group firms during crisis periods and they attempt to reserve more cash in preparation for future investments. The decomposition results suggest that the credit group effect can potentially exceed the effect of firm characteristics because firms of different credit ratings can respond to the very same firm characteristics in a different manner.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2020

The paper investigates the mechanism through which corporate credit ratings affect dividend payments by decomposing the mean difference of dividends into a part that is explained by the determinants of dividends and a residual part that is contributed by the pure credit group effect, in the framework of the traditional dividend model of Fama and French (2001). Historically, better credit rated firms have shown consistently higher propensity to pay dividends especially during the economic crisis period. According to the counter-factual decomposition technique of Jann (2008), better rated firms are more responsive to the firm characteristics that have positive impact on dividends and poor rated firms are more responsive to the negative dividend predictors. As a result, good (bad) credit ratings make corporate managers become more bold (timid) in their dividend payments and they tend to pay more (less) dividends than what their firm characteristics prescribe. The degree of information asymmetry increases for the poor group firms during crisis periods and they attempt to reserve more cash in preparation for future investments. The decomposition results suggest that the credit group effect can potentially exceed the effect of firm characteristics because firms of different credit ratings can respond to the very same firm characteristics in a different manner.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
• /
• v.29A no.9
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 1992

Tungsten silicied (WSix) has been widely used for interconnection line to improve the speed and reliability of devices. It is known that WSix formed by silane reduction has poor step coverage and poor adhesion. In this research, WSix by dichlorosilane reduction showed excellent adhesion in cellophane adhesive tape test, and improved step coverage by two times. The crystal structure of the as-deposited WSix film by silane reduction was transformed from the hexagonal to the tetragonal structure during annealing treatment, while that by dichlorosilane reduction kept the stable tetragonal structure. The fluorine concentration in the WSix film by dichlorosilane was lower than that by silane.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2019

Sensors collect information for Internet of Things (IoT)-based services. However, indoor construction sites have a poor communication environment and many interfering elements that make it difficult to collect sensor information. In this study, a network was constructed between a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-based IoT device based on a serverless IoT framework and a router. This experimental environment was applied to large- and small-scale indoor construction sites. Experiments were performed to test the communication performance of BLE-based IoT devices and routers at indoor construction sites. An analysis of the received signal strength indication (RSSI) graph patterns collected from the communication between the BLE-based IoT devices and routers for different testbed site situation revealed areas with good communication performance and poor communication performance due to interfering factors. The results confirmed that structural components of the building as well as the materials, equipment, and temporary facilities used in indoor construction interfere with the communication performance. Construction project managers will require improved technical knowledge of IoT, such as optimizing the router placement and matching communication between the router and workers, to improve the communication performance for large-scale indoor construction.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The study mainly investigates bankruptcy risk and income smoothing tendency of Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs) in Bangladesh. External parties of NBFIs take investment decisions based on financial reports. Stable and predictable income is one of their preference. On the other hand, poor income is one of the signs of NBFIs having bankruptcy risk. Hence the study tries to find whether the NBFIs having bankruptcy are involved in income smoothing or not. Research design, data and methodology: Data were collected from the annual report of twenty-two listed NBFIs in Bangladesh. Data from 2013 to 2017 were used. Altman's Z score and Eckel's model are used to detecting bankruptcy risk and income smoothing respectively. Results: Result implies that most of the NBFIs which have bankruptcy risk are not involved in income smoothing. Therefore, NBFIs which has bankruptcy risk are involved less with income smoothing. Conclusions: The present study revealed that most of the listed NBFIs in Bangladesh are facing bankruptcy risk. They didn't use any fraudulent technique to show smooth income. The findings will help the investor to take an investment decision on NBFIs in Bangladesh. It will convey signals to the stock market in Bangladesh.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2010

In resistance spot welding, regardless of the optimal condition, bad weld quality was still produced due to complicated manufacturing processes such as electrode wear, misalignment between the electrode and workpiece, poor part fit-up, and etc.. Therefore, the goal of this study was to measure the process signal which contains weld quality information, and to develop the process fault monitoring system. Welding force signal obtained through variety experimental conditions was analyzed and divided into three categories: good, shunt, and poor fit-up group. And then a monitoring algorithm made up of an artificial neural network that could estimate the process fault of each different category based on pattern was developed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.249-254
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of proper positioning in chest PA X-ray examination. As a study method, this author searched for and analyzed materials related to chest PA X-ray examination from theses and books that had been published previously to understand the importance of proper positioning in chest PA X-ray examination. Generally, one of the examinations frequently done in most of the hospitals is chest PA X-ray examination. Also, in any kinds of X-ray examination, proper positioning is the most fundamental and definite way to provide accurate information about the patient. Poor positioning in chest PA X-ray examination may jeopardize the diagnosis and treatment, increase social cost due to examination needed to be done additionally, and generate additional radiation exposure unnecessarily above all. In conclusion, it is expected that proper positioning in chest PA X-ray examination will exert positive effects such as the provision of accurate information about the patient, prevention of misdiagnosis, reduction in social cost, and lastly decrease in radiation exposure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2018.10a
• /
• pp.467-469
• /
• 2018

Tactical wireless communications often suffer from communication problems such as channel interference and communication disconnection due to the variability of the network topology and poor communication environment. Therefore, it is very important to overcome the problem of communication failure of the wireless communication network caused by the poor tactical environment and to improve the survivability. This paper describes the automatic control methodology of wireless communication equipment to identify and distinguish the situation of communication failure without user intervention and to implement more effective solution.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2006.10a
• /
• pp.342-342
• /
• 2006

Atomic force microscope (AFM) enables us to stretch a single polymer chain by picking it at its two modified termini. Using this method called "nanofishing," we have studied statistical properties of single polymer chains. A force-extention curve obtained for a polystyrene with thiol termini in a cyclohexane showed a good agreement with a worm-like chain (WLC) model, and thus gave microscopic information about entropic elasticity. In this report, the experiments were performed at wide-range temperatures, resulting in wide-range solvent qualities from poor to good solvent condition. The temperature dependence of statistical properties of polystyrene was examined. The coil-strand transformation realized in a poor solvent was also discussed.