• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2006

Population structure was investigated in Reticulitermes speratus populations in the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago. All trees derived from analyses of the combined sequence dataset of two mitochondrial genes, COII and COIII, showed that R. speratus populations cluster into two major clades comprising the Korean/southern Japanese populations and the northern Japanese populations. Analysis of population genetic structure showed strong genetic partitioning between populations of the two clades. To understand historical migration routes and current distributions, the phylogeographic history of R. speratus was inferred from intra-/interspecific phylogeny and divergence times estimated between the clades of the phylogenetic tree. The estimated migration route and divergence time of ancestral R. speratus are congruent with recent paleogeographic hypotheses involving land-bridge connections between the Asian continent and the Japanese Archipelago. We suggest that ancestral R. speratus separated into northern and southern Japanese populations after its migration into the Japanese main islands from East China during the early Pleistocene via the East China Sea basin, which may have been exposed during that period. The Korean populations seem to have diverged recently from southern Japanese populations; this may explain the current distribution of R. speratus in the Japanese Arachipelago, and account for why it is restricted to northern areas of the Tokara Strait.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.524-531
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• 2006

Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), native to the Indian sub-continent, has been known since the ancient time for its medicinal and insect repellent properties. In recent years, Neem has attracted global attention due to its potential as a source of natural drugs and also environment-friendly pesticides. In the households. The distribution and traditional practice on Neem can be important to the agriculturist, ethno-pharmaceutical developers and to the rural development practitioners in Bangladesh. An exploratory survey on the distribution and traditional practice on Neem tree in the rural homesteads of Chittagong coastal plain, Bangladesh, was conducted over a period of three months from September 2002 to November 2002. It was found that maximum, 64% households used seedling as planting material having 40% maximum sources Within the major tree species present in the homesteads, Neem accounted for 12% among the total individuals. It was found that the availability of Neem trees was found maximum, 31%, in the homesteads of medium sized households. Maximum, 42% individuals of Neem were found within the DBH of 10.1 to 20 cm; and 37% within the 3.1 to 6 m height classes. Neem trees were found to be used maximum, 88% for furniture. The findings of the study will be of immense importance for the rural development practitioners and ethno pharmacological developers in Bangladesh.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.146-156
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• 2014

This study investigated and analyzed the exhibition, education, operation, and regional linkage program around a case of the National Museum of Ethnology in Netherlands, Germany, Mexico, England, and Japan to suggest necessary directions when constructing the national museum of ethnology of Korea. Interview by visiting the site and email interview were conducted for the investigation and suggestions according to the analysis are as follows. 1) It is necessary for the exhibition program to suggest a comparison exhibition by continent, and to be specific, occupation, style of living, representational culture, religion and view of the world, relation of power, and development culture are essential for the culture contents. 2) The education program needs to be constructed based on the age and level, and specific education program was suggested in this study. 3) Managing library, restaurant, cafe, and museum shop is essential for the operation program, additional service operation was suggested to cover additional financial areas, and professional research workers and professor manpower are necessary. 4) The regional linkage program needs to be composed by considering special qualities of the country and region, and needs to satisfy the expected effect of the local community and local residents.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to investigate the preconceptions of the Earth for 3rd grade students in elementary school. For this study, We interviewed with 30 students and children responded the questions with drawing the pictures. Through the study, We could find as followings. First, they thought that the shape of Earth is sphere only except one who had double conceptions of sphere and flat. Second, the color of the earth seems to be blue because of sea, but mostly answered, it seems to be green more than brown because of continent. Third, the conceptions of the gravity showed us 43% which is the kinds of scientific conceptions for the Earth.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.507-517
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• 2002

Cheeka Peak is a unique site for monitoring the background chemistry and aerosol contents of pristine marine air at mid-latitude. During long-range onshore winds that occur frequently throughout the year, it is predicted to have the cleanest air in the northern hemisphere. Measurements of CO and O$_3$were conducted at Cheeka Peak Observatory(CPO) on the northwestern tip of Washington state, USA during March 6 ∼May 29, 2001. The data have been segregated to quantify the mixing ratio of these species in the Pacific marine atmosphere. Also the marine air masses were further classified into four categories based on 10-day backward isentropic trajectories; high, mid, and low latitude and those which had crossed over the Asian industrial region. The diurnal variation of CO and O$_3$at CPO showed a similar to tendency of background measurement site. When marine air mass flowed to CPO, CO concentration was lower and O$_3$was similar or higher than those of total data. The westerly flow from ocean, not easterly from continent occurred the high concentration of CO and O$_3$at CPO. Using the trajectory segregation of marine air mass, the comparison of concentration according to latitude calculated. the CO concentration of Asian trajectory was lower than other latitudes, O$_3$concentration was higher.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.503-514
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• 2004

In Seoul metropolitan area, nocturnal variation of surface ozone concentrations observed at 27 monitoring sites from 1998 to 2002 showed that high ozone levels occurred frequently during the spring. Frequency distributions for nighttime ozone indicated that elevated concentrations in spring were influenced by advection of different air mass compared to other seasons. Surface wind analysis during the spring revealed that relatively strong southwesterly winds were associated with nocturnal ozone enhancement, which can be attributed to the regional transport of ozone. In order to identify the origin of nocturnal ozone enhancement in spring, 3-day backward trajectories were calculated by HYSPLIT 4 for the episode days and then classified. The results showed that NW, W, and SW flows, indicating influence of polluted air masses from the China continent, have 51% in a]1 the episode days, which suggest that the nocturnal ozone enhancement can occur under the effect of long-range transport of ozone-laden air mass on a regional scale. Case study of nocturnal ozone maxima associated with long-range transport was discussed in more detail in the light of meteorological conditions. Southwesterly synoptic flow along the outer edge of moving high-pressure system was found to be the important cause of nocturnal ozone maxima in Seoul. This flow could lead to be long-range transport of ozone that had effectively accumulated in the stagnating portion of the system located eastern coast of China. Low atmosphere soundings, backward trajectories, and elevated ozone and CO levels at the back-ground tiles gave evidence for regional effects on nocturnal ozone enhancement In Seoul.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• v.1
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• pp.7-24
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• 2019

A. J. Toynbee published a book called Travel to China(1931) after traveling around the Asian continent in 1929. The book mostly focuses on Japan, China and the relationship between the two countries. Toynbee visited major cities in Japan and China by train. Most of the Japanese cities he saw were turning into modern cities in the process of spontaneous modernization mixed with its tradition. On the other hand, Chinese cities that he visited showed him various characteristics, including traditional, colonial, or semi-colonial cities. The modern cities of Japan and China in the late 1920s were transformed into various aspects under the influence of tradition, spontaneous modernization, colonial or anti-colonial modernization. How did Toynbee look at cities in East Asia? How did he recognize the relationship between tradition, modernization and colonization while visiting this area? Toynbee emphasizes the weight and influence of tradition especially in the development of modern cities in Japan and China. So, are modern European cities born out of their own traditions? Modern cities everywhere in the East and West were newly developed under the influence of tradition. Toynbee's attitude, which emphasizes especially its tradition in the modern cities of East Asia, seems to reflect his Orientalistic view.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.330-344
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• 2023

This research report cuts across management sciences (market strategy entry mode development) and innovative technology (Electric Vehicle (EV)) alongside measures to submerge global warming. The development of a successful entry mode for the electric Vehicle into the African continent is the main objective of the study. The study focuses on an analysis of how electric car manufacturers can enter the African market in other to achieve global sustainability and social responsibility. The methodology is based on identifying the factors that affect the choice of an entry mode into international markets by multinational companies desiring to leverage their revenue through a foreign market. It also offered a quantitative approach that can support the economic and sustainability entry mode model for EVs and a qualitative approach of Porter's five forces analysis as an entry mode coaching tool for EVs. These proxies are used in quite a wide range of multivariate statistical methods (trend analysis, ratio, and probability, comparative t-test technique, auto-regression, and ordinary least square technique). The result acknowledges joint venture and setting of the plant (physical presents) as the optimal entry mode in African EV market. It requires the EV manufacturers a tire-free emission innovation technology in order to optimize the global sustainability initiative.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2015

This paper deals with architectural activities related to Korean society in Jichang district in North East China, focused on the articles of Manseon-ilbo published there during the Japanese colonial period. Construction-related contents in the area closely connected with topical interest, publicity, and enlightenment as a local media source provide positive grounds about pending issues in colonial situations. This paper handles with articles issued in the 1940's newspapers just before the Pacific War. At that time Japanese enter in the Chinese continent, and construct a stable basis in the intimate association with Germany and Italy, countering against the United State. Among articles regarding architecture, most of contents are based on healthcare and public facilities, and urban planning. Overwhelmingly the most popular articles are about new constructions of educational facilities and residential matters. The shortage of goods and the excessive concentration of population resulted in urban and house problems, which were particularly much more serious in Korea society. Such social atmosphere made all activities regarding building constructions, in particular educational facilities, in civil level rather than the helps of the Japanese colonial government. Thus, through education and house matters we can read a slice of Korean society to survive in the colonial environment of Jichang district.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.55-69
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• 2010

The role of airports in the metropolitan area in Korea is very important which is located on the center of Northeast Asia considered as the highest potential growth continent in the world air transport market. This study includes comparison on service quality between Gimpo Airport and Incheon Airport which are indicated as multi-airport system in the metropolitan area appraised by passengers from Korea, Japan and China, and analysis on primary factors of airport service which affect the customer satisfaction and loyalty. The service quality appraised in the order of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese and the analysis result indicated that the service quality factors which influence on customer satisfaction and loyalty were all different among passengers from three countries. Information service was the priority factor for customer satisfaction to Chinese and Korean, but Japanese considered that personal service was the most important factor. This research paper tried to provide many current issues and guides to operational strategy including plan for the specialized routes of multi-airport system in domestic metropolitan area.