• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.329-343
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• 2000

This study was conducted to measure the degree of Korean Gender Egalitarianism among the students from six different high schools(132 girls, 127 boys) in Sunchon si, Chunnam province from Dec. 7th to Dec. 15th in 1999. The survey on gender egalitarianism was done in relation to the public understanding of the subject matter, parents' hug times, and parent's communication skills. Korean gender egalitari- anism scale was standardized by Korea Woman Developmental Institutes in 1999. The data was analyzed by SAS program. Results were as follows: 1) Generally, girls are more conscious of gender egalitariannism than boys(t=-13.79, p<.001). Above all, the younger the students are, the more they feel equal(F=8.01, p<.01). In sibling cases, two sisters have the highest level of gender egalitarianism while two brothers have the lowest level of gender egalitarianism(F=9.20, p<.001). Students who come from religious families are more inclined to demonstrate gender equality(t= 2.42, p<.05). However, there is no difference in relation to the parents' ages or academic background or harmony within the family. 2) There is no difference that girls and boys generally communicate with their parents. In ages, 17 years old students communicate more than 18, 19 with parents(father F=3.97 p<.05ㆍmother F=5.31, p<.01). That is, the younger students can communicate with their mothers more often than the older ones. In sibling cases, two sisters have more openly communication to parents while two brothers have(F=2.84, p<.05). Students communicate with their parents regardless of parents' academic background. But those from the family in harmony have more open chance to communicate than those who are not in hamony(father F=21.66, p<.001ㆍmother F=13.37, p<.001). They can comm -unicate with their parents better when their fathers hug them than when they didn't get hugs(father t=-4.76, p<.001ㆍ mother t= -2.34, p<.05). They can also communicate with their patents better when their mothers hug them once or more than when they didn't get hugs(father t=-3.78, p<.001ㆍmother t=-5.64, p<.001). 3) There is no difference whether the father hugs or not, but the mother's hug is very important because students whose mothers hug them once or more have significantly more gender egalitarianism than those students whose mothers didn't do(t=-3.98, p<.001). Based upon these results, it is recommended that we reconsider the role of gender in the socialization of high school students and also include gender egalitarianism in sex education. In this context, further study should be done for the improvement of students' communication within the framework of egalitarianism based upon parents' hugs(semi-language). Continued study is especially important in regards to the mother's hug and its enhancement of the students' gender egalitarianism.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.601-609
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• 2020

This study aims to draw suggestions for establishing the Post-2020 national policy direction and goals related to protected areas in Korea by analyzing the trends of major discussion issues on protected areas in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and reviewing the achievement progress of the Aichi target-11. Regarding the CBD decisions on protected areas, two decisions (Decisions II/7 and II/8) were adopted in 1995, and then the Program of Work on Protected Areas (PoWPA), which presented an ideal blueprint for protected areas, was adopted at the 7th Conference of the Parties (COP) in 2004. At the 10th COP in 2010, the "Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Target" (Decision X/2) was adopted along with the Decision X/31, which presented ten key issues related to protected areas. The global outcomes of the Aichi Target-11 include 15% of the earth's land area and 7.4% of the ocean being designated as protected areas. In Korea, 16.63% of the land and 2.12% of the ocean have been designated as protected areas. However, the outcomes of the effective and equitable management, protection of areas important to biodiversity and ecosystem services, and identifying "Other effective area-based conservation measures" (OECMs) and linking them with protected areas have been found to be significantly short of global goals. The first draft of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (Post-2020 GBF) prepared in January 2020 presented multi-step objectives. They included protecting at least 60% of particularly important sites for biodiversity through protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, at least 30% of the entire land and sea areas, and at least 10% of them under strict protection by 2030. The Updated Zero drafted in August 2020 concisely set out one quantitative goal of at least 30% of the globe by 2030, adding qualitative goals that these areas should be protected and conserved through "well connected and effective system of protected areas and OECMs at least 30 % of the planet with the focus on areas particularly important for biodiversity." Based on the draft Post-2020 GBF's targets related to protected areas and Korea's national targets reflecting the current state of Korea and established national plans, we suggest the national targets "to protect and conserve at least 30% of the land area and 10% of the marine area and to strengthen the means of qualitative achievement by establishing sub-targets through an effective system of protected areas and OECMs by 2030.".

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2008

The year 2007 marked two important anniversaries for space. The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 50 years ago on October 4. 1957. The 40th anniversary of the United Nations treaty on outer space was also marked in 2007. 2008 and 2007 were full of dramatic events of space activity as well : Success of Japan's first large lunar explorer 'KAGUYA'(SELENE) and China's 'Chang'e 1', launch of ISS laboratory module, 'Colombus' and 'Kibo', test of China's ASAT, and success of Korea's first astronaut program and so on. International government space budgets reached $78.3 billion in 2007, a strong growth rate of 36% over 2006, and the recently released Global Exploration Strategy, The Framework for Coordination is a set of guidelines for international cooperation among 14 of the world's space agencies. Worldwide space industry revenue grew by 20% over 2005, $106.1 billion in 2006 and $173.9 billion expected in 2007. This paper discusses the issues related to the Earth observation R&D trend and market in detail. Korea's 2008 government space spending is \316.4 billion, 2007 space industry revenue was $106 million. Several research projects are now underway and STSAT 2 will be launched by KSLV-1 at the Naro Space Center within this year.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the factors affecting rural experience by applying the unified push-pull-mooring model. The theoretical model is an unified PPM model that introduces new variables based on PPM. The pull factor of the newly introduced variables were reconstructed based on the Schmitt's Experience model and ServQual model. The hypothesis is set as follows. The push factor will have a negative effect on experience satisfaction and the pull factor(experience attributes, service quality)will have a positive effect on experience satisfaction. Also, mooring factors will have a negative effect on experience satisfaction. The research model of this study was tested by structural equation model based on 314 effective questionnaire data. Service quality had a positive effect on experience satisfaction. Mooring factors have a negative effect on experience satisfaction. Push factor and experience attributes factor were analyzed to have a no significance effect on experience satisfaction. These results theoretically test that the mooring factors also have an important effect on the experience satisfaction in the rural experience. Based on the Schmitt's Experience model and ServQual model introduced as a pull factor, the proposed unified PPM model proved to be a useful analysis framework. In practice, it was able to provide implications on what factors should be strategically and marketingly focused to activate the 6th industry experience.This study examined the impact of start-up education and mentoring on the intentions of business start-up, and verified through empirical analysis whether self-efficacy and resilience were mediated between them. The study surveyed 178 people in their 20s to 50s. The result analysis used the IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 Statistical Package Program. The analysis performed a regression analysis for factor analysis, correlation analysis, and hypothesis verification. Empirical Research Results. First, it was confirmed that start-up education and mentoring affect on the intentions of business start-up. Second, study shows self-efficacy and resilience has an affect on the intentions of business start-up. Third, start-up education and mentoring affect on self-efficacy and resilience. Fourth, self-efficacy and resilience have been proven to be mediated when entrepreneurship education and mentoring affect on the intentions of business start-up. The results of the research proved that start-up education and mentoring provides and acts as a major role in improving the entrepreneurs' willingness when preparing a start-up. Furthermore, the study also shows the importance of start-up education and mentoring as a proactive variable to promote their will to start-up business. In addition, it was confirmed that the self-efficacy investigated in the preceding study translated into the will to start a business. It was particularly meaningful in that it tested the role of resilience, which was mainly studied in new variables, education and psychology.