• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2000

The coloring matter was extracted from the heartwood of Amur cork tree by distilled water. Change of UV-Visible spectra of coloring matter solution by extraction condition and stability for irradiation were determined, and the effect of repeated dyeing with condition of dyebath and mordanting method on shade depth and lightfastness were also investigated. The results are as follows : 1) Absorbance of Amur cork tree extract increased with the lapse of extraction time. λmax of color solution extracted from Amur cork tree was found at 420, 333, and 262nm. 2) Absorbance of Amur cork tree extract decreased remarkably after 2hr irradiation. 3) The K/S of silk fabrics increased with the increase of dyeing temperature, time, amounts of Amur cork tree for extraction, and pH of color solution. 4) K/S of silk fabrics dyed by repeated dyeing method was affected by pH and concentration of color solution. 5) Lightfastness of silk twice dyed with Amur cork tree extract after pre-mordanted by 8%(o.w.f) chromium acetate was moderately improved.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2000

Silk fabric was dyed using methanol extract of Chrysanthemum boreale at $60^\circ{C}$ for 40min. The K/S value of the silk fabric was highest in the premordanting method, while the amount of absorbed mordant was largest in the Cu-mordanting. The surface colors of the dyed fabric highly depended upon mordants or mordanting methods. For all cases, the value of the dyed fabric was dark. The chroma was high by using the Cr-mordant and the color difference was distinct by using the Fe-mordant. Cu-mordanted silk showed highest fastness to light. Dyed silk fabrics by mordanting method showed good antimicrobial activity ad deodorization property.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to present basic data for the enzymatic modification of acetate fabrics. The weight loss and rate of weight loss of acetate fabrics increased with increasing NaOH concentration and treating time. Acetyl value decreased as the weight loss became higher. The weight loss of alkaline-treated acetate fabrics were directly proportional to the concentration and treating time of cellulase. The optimum temperature and pH in cellulase treatment were $55^\circ{C}$ and pH 3.5. The surface shape revealed that density of fiber decreased by alkaline-treatment. With the treating time of cellulase, fibrillation occurred. In case of higher weight loss in alkaline treatment, fibril is removed after 180 min. The tensile strength decreased by alkaline and cellulase treatment. Especially, in case of higher weight loss of alkaline treatment, tensile strength decreased suddenly. Alkaline treatment increased the drapability of acetates, while cellulase treatment increased it initially but decreased gradually with treatment time. The dyeability after alkaline treatment was improved for reactive dye, but deteriorated for disperse dye. The cellulase treatment of acetate lowered the dyeability for both types of dyes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.18 no.6 s.91
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• pp.63-68
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• 2006

In synthetic/spandex blends fibers, contents of the synthetic fiber by percentage is higher than those of spandex. Thus, the dyeing process of the blends fiber is mainly focused on the synthetic fiber, but not the spandex. In this study, we used several series of vat dyes for dyeing the nylon/spandex blend fabrics and their dyeing properties(fk value) were investigated at various reduction agents, temperatures, pH which have the potential for deep shade dyeing effects. The formamidinesulfinic acid were found to be effective to increase the fk values of the blend fiber compared to sodium hydrosulfite and Rongalit C. Higher temperature($100^{\circ}C$) and lower pH(pH 4) were observed as suitable conditions for maximum fk values.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 1999

In order to study the properties of cochineal colors, uv-visible spectra of cochineal colors solution, dyeing properties on the wool in several dyeing conditions and thermodynamic parameters were investigated. UV-visible spectra of cochineal colors solution showed hypochromic effect with the lapse of irradiation time but bathochromic shift with decreasing acidity of solution and addition of metallic ions. The concentration of cochineal colors in wool fiber increased with the increase of dyeing temperature, time, and acidity of initial dyebath. The value of apparent diffusion coefficients and standard affinities of dyeing decreased with the increase of dyeing temperature. The standard heats of dyeing$(\Delta{H}^\circ)$ and variation of entropy$(\Delta{S}^\circ)$ increased with the increase of concentration of initial dyebath. The activation energy$(E_a)$ were calculated to be 1.399~2.595kcal/mol in condition of 6~1%(o.w.f) dyebath. Wool fabrics were dyed reddish blue by iron sulfate, copper sulfate, aluminum acetate and tannic acid, and red by tin chloride, respectively. Lightfastness of wool fabrics dyed by cochineal colors were increased by mordant treatment, especially copper sulfate and iron sulfate treatment.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.164-168
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• 2006

Three vat dyes have been applied to regular viscose rayon and their dyeing and wash fastness properties were evaluated. Particle size determination was undertaken to obtain information about the size of dye particles converted by a reducing agent, to see if dye particle size has an affect on dyeing properties of regular viscose rayon. It is observed that viscose rayon exhibits more dyeability with reducing agent concentrations between 5-7.5 g/l. Also, we found that the vat dyeing system is greatly affected by the particle size of the vat dye converted to leuco form by a reducing agent.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.136-139
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• 2004

The dyeing effluent is a highly colored stream containing unfixed dyes along with salts and auxiliary chemicals such as emulsifying agents. Moreover, Textile dying is a chemically intensive process and consumes large quantities of water. Difficulties in the effluent treatment arise from its non-degradable property by aerobic digestion.(omitted)

• Carbon letters
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• v.23
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• pp.30-37
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• 2017

Dyes are widely used in various industries including textile, cosmetic, paper, plastics, rubber, and coating, and their discharge into waterways causes serious environmental and health problems. Four different carbon nanostructures, graphene oxide, oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, activated carbon and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, were used as adsorbents for the removal of Nile Blue A (NBA) dye from aqueous solution. The four carbon nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The effects of various parameters were investigated. Kinetic adsorption data were analyzed using the first-order model and the pseudo-second-order model. The regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics were more accurately represented by the pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data for the aqueous solutions were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the equilibrium adsorption of NBA was best described by the Langmuir isotherm model. This is the first research on the removal of dye using four carbon nanostructures adsorbents.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.241-248
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• 2001

Natural indigo dyeing has been used mainly on cellulosic fibers and silk during the course of history in Korea. In order to extend the usage of this one of the most important natural dyes, its dyeability on wool fabrics has been studied to find out the optimum dyeing condition for wool fiber which is susceptible to alkaline medium. The dyeing method used was hydrosulphite vat of extracted dye. K/S values of dyed fabrics were investigated to analyze the dyeability of natural indigo on wool fibers and colors were measured through $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$ and Munsell Values. Highest K/S values were obtained at the temperature of 60(C and pH 7 to 8. The Munsell Values for hue of wool fabrics dyed with extracted indigo powder using hydrosulphite vat fell mostly in PB range. As the dyebath pH increased, blueness increased. Different dyeing conditions resulted in change of colors of dyed fabrics due to the difference in amounts of indigotin and indirubin contents within the dyed fiber as shown by HPLC.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

A low-temperature dyeing system for silk fabrics based on a redox system has been investigated. Some factors affecting dyeing of silk fabrics with levelling acid dyes in the absence and presence of certain redox system were investigated under different conditions. The variables studied were; type and concentration of redox system, dyeing conditions, i. e. temperature and time, dye concentration, material-to-liquor ration(LR) and colour fastness. The colour strength(K/S value) is outstandingly higher in the presence than in the absence of redox system. A comparison between the colour strength values of such dyeings abtained the three redox system would call for the following order ; Glyoxal/hydrogen peroxide>thiourea/hydrogen peroxide>glucose/hydrgen peroxide> nothing. In the presence of redox system, free radicals are supposed to be formed in both the fiber and the dye and the interaction between these free radicals bring about covalent fixation beside the usual electrostatic bonds, hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces.