• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.441-458
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• 2009

The Imperial Road is Jean Rhys s unfinished manuscript, rejected by publishers for its openly racist tone. Although it describes Rhys s actual visit to Dominica in 1936, it is not a transparent recollection of the travel but a recreation informed by racial dynamics of the 1970s when she wrote the text. This paper examines the manuscript as a troubled (and troubling) response to what Rhys perceived as racial rejection from Dominica at the wake of political independence. Rhys s representation of white Creole womanhood significantly depends on an interwoven configuration of racial dynamics and sexual politics, where an oppressive white European man facilitates a white Creole woman s cross-racial identification with Afro-Caribbeans. However, the political and literary landscape of the West Indies in the 1970s made such cross-racial identification untenable. As a result, The Imperial Road is full of disturbing racial hatred, prejudice, and resentment. And yet, it also reflects Rhys s honest and serious concern over a white Creole s racial identity in postcolonial Dominica, raising a difficult question: How would a postcolonial age change a white Creole identity that belongs neither to the colonized nor to the colonizer (or both)? In The Imperial Road, unable to identify with Afro-Caribbeans, the white Creole is disoriented in time and space, lost at home, stuck between the past and the present, not knowing how to participate in a postcolonial homeland. Through the narrator s racial disorientation, The Imperial Road exposes the white Creole s fundamental dependence on other Creoles.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.193-219
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• 2013

Public institutions or libraries urgently prepare comprehensive measures to improve web accessibility of their websites as booting web dependability and web utilization of disabled people. The purpose of this study is to propose the design guidelines for improving web accessibility of disabled people. The study, first, analyzed various web accessibility requirements based on web standards, web accessibility guidelines, and the related researches and proposed a web accessibility checklist with 42 requirement. Next, the study evaluated 15 websites of public institutions such as government departments, association of disabled people, and public libraries using the checklist. Finally, the study revealed non-adherence requirements and suggested website design guidelines in terms of contents configuration, sound, colour, keyboard handling, mouse handling, access, image processing, text processing, and code processing.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.131-140
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• 2007

A general medical information service in hospitals recently has been rapidly developed in the effective patient management due to the digitalization. In addition, the hospitals make an effort to support the medical information service in ubiquitous environment. A key requirement in ubiquitous environment is the ability to communicate between the image viewer system using the DICOM standard and a server system to support the medical information service. This paper describes a remote networking system based on the mobile terminal with RFID technology for the medical information service. In order to apply the overall configuration, we first implemented the DICOM viewer system, configured the database to store the patient information, and realized the server/client networking system in mobile terminal environment. In particular, this paper showed the capability for the medical image-based communication as well as the text-based communication.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.257-269
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to conduct content analysis on expression activity section in the physical education textbooks of 2009 curriculum revision and provide a basis for future middle school physical education. in order to accomplish the purpose of this study, 5 different kinds of physical education textbook. The physical education textbooks were examined through the comparative analysis and previous studies conducted for selections of the analysis bases. The results were as follows. First, textbooks devoted the space from 14.1 to 17.3%. In deployment and configuration of the section, each textbooks were used variety of methods, photographs and illustrations for motivations and advanced learning. Second, the instructional objectives were presented 4-6 each text book including expression activity concepts, understanding expression methods, personal competence reinforcement through creative activity, and watching performances. Learning contents were to focus on the concepts of aesthetic component in the esthetical expression, to highlight creative component in the modern expression, to express characteristic dances through understanding of the culture in the traditional expression. lastly, the middle assessments hight the understanding of each contents but small assessments focus on attitudes of character education.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.183-203
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• 2018

News articles are the most suitable medium for examining the events occurring at home and abroad. Especially, as the development of information and communication technology has brought various kinds of online news media, the news about the events occurring in society has increased greatly. So automatically summarizing key events from massive amounts of news data will help users to look at many of the events at a glance. In addition, if we build and provide an event network based on the relevance of events, it will be able to greatly help the reader in understanding the current events. In this study, we propose a method for extracting event networks from large news text data. To this end, we first collected Korean political and social articles from March 2016 to March 2017, and integrated the synonyms by leaving only meaningful words through preprocessing using NPMI and Word2Vec. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling was used to calculate the subject distribution by date and to find the peak of the subject distribution and to detect the event. A total of 32 topics were extracted from the topic modeling, and the point of occurrence of the event was deduced by looking at the point at which each subject distribution surged. As a result, a total of 85 events were detected, but the final 16 events were filtered and presented using the Gaussian smoothing technique. We also calculated the relevance score between events detected to construct the event network. Using the cosine coefficient between the co-occurred events, we calculated the relevance between the events and connected the events to construct the event network. Finally, we set up the event network by setting each event to each vertex and the relevance score between events to the vertices connecting the vertices. The event network constructed in our methods helped us to sort out major events in the political and social fields in Korea that occurred in the last one year in chronological order and at the same time identify which events are related to certain events. Our approach differs from existing event detection methods in that LDA topic modeling makes it possible to easily analyze large amounts of data and to identify the relevance of events that were difficult to detect in existing event detection. We applied various text mining techniques and Word2vec technique in the text preprocessing to improve the accuracy of the extraction of proper nouns and synthetic nouns, which have been difficult in analyzing existing Korean texts, can be found. In this study, the detection and network configuration techniques of the event have the following advantages in practical application. First, LDA topic modeling, which is unsupervised learning, can easily analyze subject and topic words and distribution from huge amount of data. Also, by using the date information of the collected news articles, it is possible to express the distribution by topic in a time series. Second, we can find out the connection of events in the form of present and summarized form by calculating relevance score and constructing event network by using simultaneous occurrence of topics that are difficult to grasp in existing event detection. It can be seen from the fact that the inter-event relevance-based event network proposed in this study was actually constructed in order of occurrence time. It is also possible to identify what happened as a starting point for a series of events through the event network. The limitation of this study is that the characteristics of LDA topic modeling have different results according to the initial parameters and the number of subjects, and the subject and event name of the analysis result should be given by the subjective judgment of the researcher. Also, since each topic is assumed to be exclusive and independent, it does not take into account the relevance between themes. Subsequent studies need to calculate the relevance between events that are not covered in this study or those that belong to the same subject.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.463-476
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• 2001

To support the mobility, mobile computers are generally equipped with lower capability than desktop PCs or workstations in terms of the size of a display, the processing power of CPU and so on. This may give a rise to limitation in mobile computers of supporting multimedia services such as World Wide Web which users would otherwise fully enjoy in desktop PCs. Approaches to reducing the limitations are distillating original multimedia data or converting them to text. Conventional proxy servers for mobile computer simply send distillated image files with the fixed size regardless of the display size of a target mobile computer. Since the cached data is kept separately for each user, they cannot be shared among users with the same display configuration and thus the proxy server could be overloaded. In this paper, we first classify various mobile computers based on their display capability in terms of display sizes and colors. We propose an enhanced proxy server called Class-based proxy that provides a mobile computer with distillated image files in proportion to its class display capacity. The proposed proxy server allows a mobile computer user to have a homepage view similar to that in PC or Workstation. Mobile computers with the same class share the cached image files, which are distillated appropriately for that class. This helps the proxy server to get higher cache hit ratio with improved efficiency and scalability.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.123-134
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• 2020

With the recent development of 3D printers, there is a growing need to make them similar to real products. As a result, FDM full-color 3D printers have been developed and actively distributed, but GUI design has fallen short of that, causing confusion among users. Accordingly, this study conducted a literature survey, and through a case study, the current status of FDM full-color 3D printers was identified and the components of GUI design were analyzed based on prior research. The draft checklist was drawn up according to the components of the derived GUI design, and 24 items were deleted through the three Delphi surveys and the validity of the remaining 26 items was verified. As a result, the layout should consist of intuitive screen configuration and menus with high frequency of use, and the text should be intuitive and clearly communicated. In addition, the icon should be placed in a visible position and used in real life to image it. Finally, we could see that the color should be used to give feedback to the user using the highlight color and not overlap the output.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.545-559
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a content creation framework that enables users without programming experience to easily create interactive media content that responds to user gestures. In the proposed framework, users define the gestures they use and the media effects that respond to them by numbers, and link them in a text-based configuration file. In the proposed framework, the interactive media content that responds to the user's gesture is linked with the dynamic projection mapping module to track the user's location and project the media effects onto the user. To reduce the processing speed and memory burden of the gesture recognition, the user's movement is expressed as a gray scale motion history image. We designed a convolutional neural network model for gesture recognition using motion history images as input data. The number of network layers and hyperparameters of the convolutional neural network model were determined through experiments that recognize five gestures, and applied to the proposed framework. In the gesture recognition experiment, we obtained a recognition accuracy of 97.96% and a processing speed of 12.04 FPS. In the experiment connected with the three media effects, we confirmed that the intended media effect was appropriately displayed in real-time according to the user's gesture.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2005

Christian Metz, the precursor of cine-semiology, considered cinema as a language in the sense that it is a set of messages grounded in a given matter of expression, and a signifying practice characterized by specific codifications. According to Metz, film forms a structured network produced by the interweaving of cinematic codes, within which cinematic subcodes represent specific usages of the particular code. For Metz, cinematic language is a totality of cinematic codes and subcodes, and history of the cinema is the trace of the competition, incorporations and exclusions of the subcodes. He also suggested a filmic text is not just a list of codes in effect, but a process of constant displacement and deformation of codes. Following Metz' textual analysis methodology, I investigated the formal configuration of Hayao Miyazaki‘s animation, Spirited Away. It is interesting to trace the interweaving of cinematic codes in Spirited Away, i.e. codes of lighting, color, movement, and auteurism, across the animation. I focused on the first scene at the bridge to Yubaba's bathhouse, analyzing each cinematic code and its subcode applied. The first bridge scene is carefully constructed to stand out the confrontation of Chihiro (with Haku) and the bathhouse. The bathhouse is not just a building, it represents the powerful witch, Yubaba, yet to appear on the scene, and functions as an antipode to Chihiro. In each shot, every subcode within the codes of framing, direction, angle, color, lighting and movement is used to maximize the contrast between the dominant bathhouse and the feeble 10-year-old girl. In Spirited Away, the subcodes within each cinematic ode are constantly competing and displacing each other to augment the antithesis between the characters and develop the narrative. As Metz's argument that film constitutes a quasi-linguistic practice as a pluricodic medium, Spirited Away communicates with the spectators with the combination and displacement of these cinematic codes and subcodes.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2020

Sentiment Analysis (SA) is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) task that analyzes the sentiments consumers or the public feel about an arbitrary object from written texts. Furthermore, Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) is a fine-grained analysis of the sentiments towards each aspect of an object. Since having a more practical value in terms of business, ABSA is drawing attention from both academic and industrial organizations. When there is a review that says "The restaurant is expensive but the food is really fantastic", for example, the general SA evaluates the overall sentiment towards the 'restaurant' as 'positive', while ABSA identifies the restaurant's aspect 'price' as 'negative' and 'food' aspect as 'positive'. Thus, ABSA enables a more specific and effective marketing strategy. In order to perform ABSA, it is necessary to identify what are the aspect terms or aspect categories included in the text, and judge the sentiments towards them. Accordingly, there exist four main areas in ABSA; aspect term extraction, aspect category detection, Aspect Term Sentiment Classification (ATSC), and Aspect Category Sentiment Classification (ACSC). It is usually conducted by extracting aspect terms and then performing ATSC to analyze sentiments for the given aspect terms, or by extracting aspect categories and then performing ACSC to analyze sentiments for the given aspect category. Here, an aspect category is expressed in one or more aspect terms, or indirectly inferred by other words. In the preceding example sentence, 'price' and 'food' are both aspect categories, and the aspect category 'food' is expressed by the aspect term 'food' included in the review. If the review sentence includes 'pasta', 'steak', or 'grilled chicken special', these can all be aspect terms for the aspect category 'food'. As such, an aspect category referred to by one or more specific aspect terms is called an explicit aspect. On the other hand, the aspect category like 'price', which does not have any specific aspect terms but can be indirectly guessed with an emotional word 'expensive,' is called an implicit aspect. So far, the 'aspect category' has been used to avoid confusion about 'aspect term'. From now on, we will consider 'aspect category' and 'aspect' as the same concept and use the word 'aspect' more for convenience. And one thing to note is that ATSC analyzes the sentiment towards given aspect terms, so it deals only with explicit aspects, and ACSC treats not only explicit aspects but also implicit aspects. This study seeks to find answers to the following issues ignored in the previous studies when applying the BERT pre-trained language model to ACSC and derives superior ACSC models. First, is it more effective to reflect the output vector of tokens for aspect categories than to use only the final output vector of [CLS] token as a classification vector? Second, is there any performance difference between QA (Question Answering) and NLI (Natural Language Inference) types in the sentence-pair configuration of input data? Third, is there any performance difference according to the order of sentence including aspect category in the QA or NLI type sentence-pair configuration of input data? To achieve these research objectives, we implemented 12 ACSC models and conducted experiments on 4 English benchmark datasets. As a result, ACSC models that provide performance beyond the existing studies without expanding the training dataset were derived. In addition, it was found that it is more effective to reflect the output vector of the aspect category token than to use only the output vector for the [CLS] token as a classification vector. It was also found that QA type input generally provides better performance than NLI, and the order of the sentence with the aspect category in QA type is irrelevant with performance. There may be some differences depending on the characteristics of the dataset, but when using NLI type sentence-pair input, placing the sentence containing the aspect category second seems to provide better performance. The new methodology for designing the ACSC model used in this study could be similarly applied to other studies such as ATSC.