• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.289-303
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• 2021

Covid-19 is an ongoing pandemic as we speak in 2022. This infectious disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which infects cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on the cell surface. Thus, strategies that inhibit the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor can stop this contagion. Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi) essential oil contains many bioactive compounds, including dodecanoic acid; tetradecanoic acid; 7-Amino-8-imino-2-(2-imino-2H-chromen-3-yl); and 1,5,7,10-tetraaza-phen-9-one. These compounds suppress viral replication and may prevent Covid-19. Accordingly, this study assessed whether, these four limonoid compounds can block the ACE2 receptor. To this end, their physicochemical properties were predicted using Lipinski's "rule of five" on the SwissADME website, and their toxicity was assessed using the online tools ProTox and pkCSM. Additionally, their interactions with the ACE2 receptor were predicted via molecular docking using Autodock Vina. All the four compounds satisfied the "rule of five" and tetradecanoic acid was predicted to have a higher affinity than the comparison compound remdesivir and the original ligand of ACE2. Molecular docking results suggested that the compounds from hanjeli essential oil interact with the active site of the ACE2 receptor similarly as the original ligand and remdesivir. In conclusion, hanjeli essential oil contains compounds predicted hinder the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the ACE2 receptor. Accordingly, our data may facilitate the development of a phytomedical strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

• 생약학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.164-167
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• 1995

The essential oils from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata and the cultivated callus were analysed and compared by gaschromatography-mass spectrometry. In the experimental study of cell culture, it appeared that 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid in the culture medium induced higher production of essential oils in the callus than indole acetic acid. The growth of callus was inhibited by illumination of the light. The production of essential oil in cultured cells was increased by the addition of biosynthetic precursors. The essential oils from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata and the cultured callus showed different compositions. Tetradecanoic acid, 1,1,-dimethoxyl 4-methoxy phenol, 9,12-octadecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid were identified as main components of the cultured callus oil.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

Oil was extracted from cashew nuts. The physicochemical parameters of the oil were determined. A chromatographic assay of the oil was carried out using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Seventeen compounds were detected: Phenol, Phenol 2-methyl-, Cyclohexene 4, 4-dimethyl-, m-Fluoro-2-diazoacetophenone 4-dimethyl-, Tetradecanoic acid, Phenol 4-octyl-, n-Hexadecanoic acid. Others are 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) - methyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, Methyl stearate, Dodecanoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z, Z, Z)-, Oleic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Tetracosanoic acid and 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester. Among the components are omega three and omega six essential free fatty acids. The rheological profiling and flow properties of cashew nut oil were determined using a Programmable Rheometer. Cashew nut oil exhibits slight dilatant behaviour at the low end of shear rate. The long chain and high molecular weight of its constituents controlled its rheology. Long-chained 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) - methyl ester, Tetracosanoic acid and methyl stearate, coupled with their high molecular weights are responsible for the shear thickening effect observed. Two models, Carreau-Yasuda and Ostwald-de Waele Power Law were employed to fit the rheological data. The Carreau-Yasuda model followed well the data.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2005

5품종의 유색미(DZ 78, Elwee, LK1A-2-12-1-1, LK1-3-6-12-1-1, 길림흑미) 겨 70% 에탄올 추출물 및 염화메틸렌 및 에틸아세트로 추출한 지용성 분획들의 DPPH radical 소거활성을 측정하고 페놀성화합물 및 피틴산, 그리고 불검화물로서 retinol, tocopherol과 stigmasterol의 함량을 정량하였다. 또한 GC-MS를 사용하여 염화메틸렌 및 에틸아세트 분획이 함유한 구성분을 동정하고 상대적 함량을 측정함으로써 항산화 활성의 발현에 필요할 것으로 보이는 성분들을 조사하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 유색미의 항산화성은 일반미보다 약 30%정도 더 높았고, 페놀성화합물의 함량은 일반미보다 26배까지 더 많았다. 특히 길림흑미는 retinol이나 tocopherol, stigmasterol 같은 불검화물의 함량이 일반미보다 2.3배 이상 더 많았다. 그러나 항산화성과 색도 및 불검화물의 함량과는 전반적인 상관성은 없었다. 항산화성이 강한 길림흑미 및 LK1A-2-12-1-1의 염화메틸렌 분획은 각각 (Z)-9-Hexadecenyl ester-9-octadecanoic acid 및 2-Hydroxyl-1-1(hydroxymethyl)ethyl-9-octadecanoic acid의 상대적 함량이 높았다. 반면, 에틸아세트 분획에서는 1H Indene과 Methyl ester-tetradecanoic acid 및 Methyl ester-hexadecanoic acid가 5품종 유색미에서 공통적으로 검출되어, 이들 화합물이 항산화성에 관여할 가능성을 시사하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1995

전통안동식혜를 제조하여 $5^{\circ}C$에서 보관하면서 GC와 GC-MS를 이용하여 향기성분의 원인 물질을 분석, 동정하였고 맛성분의 원인물질인 유기산의 변화를 검토하였다. 안동식혜의 주요 향기성분으로는 camphene, sabinene, 1-(1.5-dimethyl-4-hexyl)-4-methyl-benzene, ${\alpha}-zingibirene$, farnesene, 2.6-b is-(1.1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-phenol, ${\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$, calalene, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid 및 9.12-octadecanoic acid 등을 들 수 있었다. 안동식혜의 숙성 및 저장중에 있어서 생성된 향기성분은 2.4-undecadienal, 1H-indole, 2.4-decadienal, isoterpinolene 및 D-nerdiol 5종류이었다. 비휘발성 유기산 함량의 변화를 보면 저장 초기에는 젖산 0.49 mg/100 g이던 것이 19.37 mg/100 g으로 증가하였고 다른 유기산들의 함량 변화는 거의 없었다. 안동식혜의 숙성 및 저장 기간중의 pH의 변화는 차차 감소하였고 산도는 차차 증가하여 저장 6일째 0.41이었다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2018

Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of Gibberella moniliformis JS1055 endophytic fungus derived from a halophyte, Vitex rotundifolia, led to the isolation of nine compounds including 7-butyl-6,8-dihydroxy-3(R)-pent-11-enylisochroman-1-one (1), 7-butyl-6,8-dihydroxy-3(R)-pentylisochroman-1-one (2), 7-butyl6,8-dihydroxy-3(R)-pentylisochroman-1-one (3), $5{\alpha},8{\alpha}$-epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol (4), ergosterol peroxide (5), tetradecanoic acid (6), 8-O-methylfusarubin (7), nicotinic acid (8) and adenosine (9). They were identified by extensive spectroscopic data analysis including 1D, 2D ($^1H-^1H$ COSY, HSQC, HMBC) NMR, and ESIMS. All the isolates (1-9) are reported for the first time from this endophytic fungus.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.99-101
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• 1981

Attempts were made to investigate on the fatty acids of Lentinus lepideus Fr. Fats were extracted from its carpophores and saponified with alcoholic potassium hydroxide. Isolated fatty acids were methylated and were subjected to column chromatography and GLC. Six saturated fatty acids, i.e., dodecanoic, tridecanoic, tetradecanoic, pentadecanoic, hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acids were identified. Especially myristic acid was abundant. Four unsaturated fatty acids, i.e., hexadecadienoic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic acids, were identified. Especially oleic and linoleic acid were abundant.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.709-715
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• 1999

A series of antifungal compounds were obtained from the methanol extract of the mycelium from marine actinomycetes M428 which was identified as a Stereptomyces species by fatty acid composition and biochemical characteristics. These compounds were purified by combined chromatographic techniques and the structures were characterized with spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, and mass spectrometry as sn-l lysophosphatidyl inositols. The side chains were established by chemical degradation followed by GC analysis to be 14-methyl pentadecanoic acid (iso-palmitic acid, i-C16:0, compound A) and 13-methyl tetradecanoic acid (iso-pentadecanoic acid, i-C15:0, compound B). These compounds displayed highly selective antifungal activity against C. albicans with MIC values of $5{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ (compound A) and $2.5{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ (compound B), while it had almost negligible antibiotic activity against E. coli and P aerogenosa with MIC value higher than $50{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ and no cytotoxic activities against human myeloma leukemia K562 ($IC_{50}>100{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$).

• 분석과학
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.434-441
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• 2007

본 연구는 땀 성분 중 지방산 조성에 관한 연구로서 한국인의 땀 중 지방산의 조성을 확인하여 지문을 비롯한 현장증거물의 효율적인 검색기법 개발의 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 연구하였다. 남성 5인을 대상으로 땀 시료를 얻고 지방산 37종의 methylester형태를 표준물질로 하여 GC-FID를 사용하여 조성비를 확인해 본 결과 20-30대 연령의 총지방산 함량은 56.4-72.0 %, 50대연령의 제공자의 경우 32.4-45.4%로 연령의 증가에 따른 총지방산의 감소를 확인할 수 있었다. 땀으로 배출되는 지방산으로는 총 28종이 검출되었고 C16:0 (palmitic acid), C16:1 (palmitoleic acid), C18:1n9c (oleic acid), C18:0 (stearic acid), C14:0 (tetradecanoic acid) 5종이 10-45%를 차지하면서 주성분임을 확인하였고 그 외의 C12:0 (lauric acid), C15:0 (pentadecanoic acid), C18:2n6c (linoleic acid), C18:2n6t (linolelaidic acid), C20:0 (arachidic acid), C24:0/C20:5n3 (lignoceric acid/eicosapentaenoic acid)가 모든 시료에서 검출되었다. 특히 C14:1 (myristoleic acid), C15:1 (pentadecenoic acid), C21:0 (heneicosanoic acid), C22:1n9 (erucic acid) 등의 지방산은 개체별 특이한 검출을 확인할 수 있었다. 포화지방산과 불포화지방산의 비율에 있어서는 0.94:1에서 2.6:1의 비율을 보이면서 개인에 따라 큰 차이를 확인하였으며 연령증가에 따른 총지방산의 감소는 주로 포화지방산과 단일불포화지방산의 배출감소에 의한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 땀 중 아미노산의 경우 serine ($0-31.9{\mu}L/mL$), glycine ($0-18.9{\mu}L/mL$), threonine ($0-26.2{\mu}L/mL$)이 주로 검출되고 특히 20-30대 연령이면서 단백질의 섭취율이 높은 개체에서의 함량이 10배 이상 증가되는 것을 확인하여 땀으로 배출되는 아미노산의 개체별 조성분포를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.714-724
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• 2017

재래누룩에서 분리한 효모인 N4와 N9에 대해 쌀 증류식 소주제조 특성을 살펴보았다. 원료 쌀(한아름 품종)의 일반성분은 수분 14.7, 조단백질 6.8, 조지방 0.9, 조회분 0.4, 탄수화물 76.5 g/100 g이었다. 제조된 입국의 총산 함량은 2.92%(citric acid, dry base)였으며 효소활성에 있어 당화력은 926.72, ${\alpha}$-amylase 52.40, gluco-amylase 887.71, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 0.14, acidic carboxypeptidase 17,335.73, ${\beta}$-glucosidase 174.46 U/g dry base로 나타났다. 술덧의 알코올 함량은 재래누룩 분리 효모가 15.37-16.58%로 상업용 효모 12.33-13.19%보다 16.7-36.0% 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 환원당 함량은 각각 2.04-3.92, 7.92-8.78 g/100 mL로 상업용 효모의 당 이용률이 누룩분리 효모보다 낮았다. 이러한 결과로 증류 후 원주의 획득량이 누룩분리 효모에서 25.2-52.7% 높았다. 쌀 증류식 소주(알코올 25%)에서 41개의 휘발성 성분이 검출되었으며, 주성분 분석 결과 누룩분리 효모와 상업용 효모는 i-BuOH, isobutanal diethyl acetal, ethyl caprate, tetradecanoic acid 성분의 함량 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.