• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 1990

The effects of various fractions from the aerial parts of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai on the antimutagenic and the immuno-regulating activities were evaluated by in vivo bone-marrow micronucleus test and HA titer reaction. No significant suppressive effects of these extracts and echinoisosophoranone were shown on cyclophosphamide-induced micronuclei, but HA titers were significantly enhanced in ether and BuOH extract treated-group. Tetracosanol and docosanol were isolated from the ether extract of this plant.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.290-294
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• 1999

From the legumes of Albizzia julibrissin Durazzini (Leguminosae), a mixture of long-chain alcohols, ${\alpha}-spinasterol$, a mixture of acylated sterol glycosides and ${\alpha}-spinasteryl$ $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ were isolated. Two mixtures of long-chain alcohols and acylated sterol glycosides were characterized as 1-hexacosanol (major) and 1-tetracosanol, and $3-O-[6'-O-palmitoyl-{\beta}-D-glucosyl]-{\alpha}-spinasterol$ (major) and its 6'-O-stearoyl ester. All compounds were identified on the basis of spectral data and chemical reactions.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.2 s.129
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• pp.105-109
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• 2002

Besides chrysophanol and friedelin, mixtures of n-hydrocarbons [pentacosane (72.6%), heptacosane (14.6%), tetracosane (5.8%), nonacosane (4.1 %) and hexacosane (2.9%)], n-hydrocarbon alcohols [octacosanol (70.5%) and hexacosanol (29.5%)], l-monoacyl glycerols [acyl part; behenic acid (43.5%), lignoceric acid (32.4%), cerotic acid (9.3%), tricosanoic acid (8.9%), pentacosanoic acid (2.6%), octacosanoic acid (2.3%), heneicosanoic acid (1.0%)], wax esters [behenic acid (56.3%), lignoceric acid (23.0%), cerotic acid (19.8%), tricosanoic acid (4.6%), octacosanoic acid (4.0%), pentacosanoic acid (1.7%), triacontanoic acid (0.6%)/ octacosanol (33.7%), hexacosanol (21.0%), tetracosanol (15.6%), triacontanol (10.5%), docosanol (6.0%), tricosanol (6.0%), heptacosanol (4.2%), nonacosanol (3.0%)] and sterols [${\beta}-sitosterol$ (73.2%), stigmasterol (14.6%), campesterol (12.2%)] were isolated from the roots of Hemerocallis fulva. The acid : alcohol combinations of the major wax esters were $C_{48}$: 22 : 26, 24 : 24, $C_{46}$: 22 : 24, and $C_{44}$: 22 : 22. This is the first report of l-monoacyl glycerols and friedelin from this plant. All isolates were identified on the basis of spectral data and chemical reactions.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2021

Insects affect crop harvest yield and quality, making plant response mechanisms to insect herbivores a heavily studied topic. However, analysis of plant responses to honeybees is rare. In this study, comprehensive metabolic profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to honeybees was performed to investigate which metabolites were changed by the insect. A total of 85 metabolites-including chlorophylls, carotenoids, glucosinolates, policosanols, tocopherols, phytosterols, β-amyrin, amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and starch-were identified using high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The metabolite profiling analysis of Arabidopsis exposed to honeybees showed higher levels of stress-related metabolites. The levels of glucosinolates (glucoraphanin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin), policosanols (eicosanol, docosanol, tricosanol, tetracosanol), tocopherols (β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol), putrescine, lysine, and sugars (arabinose, fructose, glucose, mannitol, mannose, raffinose) in Arabidopsis exposed to honeybees were higher than those in unexposed Arabidopsis. Glucosinolates act as defensive compounds against herbivores; policosanols are components of plant waxes; tocopherols act as an antioxidant; and putrescine, lysine, and sugars contribute to stress regulation. Our results suggest that Arabidopsis perceives honeybees as a stress and changes its metabolites to overcome the stress. This is the first step to determining how Arabidopsis reacts to exposure to honeybees.