• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the antioxidant activities of water extracts from Hibiscus petals, Moringa oleifera gymnosperm, and Nipa fruticans wurmb. Also, the possibility of their use as a functional cosmetic material and food were searched. Methods: We extracted Hibiscus petals, M. oleifera gymnosperm, and N. fruticans wurmb with water. And then, we measured the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids and the ability to scavenging free groups of ABTS and DPPH to study the antioxidant function. The toxicity of samples evaluated by measuring cell viability. Results: The polyphenol content of the water extract of N. fruticans wurmb was 109 ㎍/mg, which was significantly higher than that of Hibiscus petals (13 ㎍/mg) and M. oleifera gymnosperm (19 ㎍/mg). Radical scavenging ability was also excellent in N. fruticans wurmb, and the cytotoxicity test results of the samples were similar. Conclusions: The water extracts showed antioxidant activity to use for cosmetic materials or natural healing foodstuff.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2022

Background: Studies on the existence and activation of antioxidants in the wild Erigeron canadensis are still incomplete. Purposes: The activity of antioxidant substances was studied by extracting E. canadensis with ethyl alcohol. Methods: After washing the wild turfgrass, extraction with ethyl alcohol was used to investigate the activity of antioxidant substances using various analytical instruments. Results: The highest yield ratio of the extract was 49.3%, and it varied according to temperature and ethyl alcohol ratio. The 50:50 of water to ethyl alcohol at 180℃ was the highest yield. 100% survival rate was in the untreated group and 98-100% in the experimental group at 50 ppm or more of the extract. There was no cytotoxicity at almost all concentrations. The extract of 25 ppm was suppressed by 42% in the test group. The extract of 50 ppm reduced the free fatty acid content by 15%. Cell viability was 20% at the extract concentration of 50 ppm and 24% at 100 ppm. At an extract of 500 ppm, the free oxygen scavenging ability using DPPH and ABTs was 90-98%. When the changes in the free radical scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTs were observed in three dimensions, the antioxidant activity tended to increase at 85℃ as the temperature increased. However, at 85~130℃, it showed a rather decreasing tendency as the temperature increased. Conclusions: There were antioxidants in the ethyl alcohol extract of the wild grass, there was almost no cytotoxicity and suppressed NO production, and the scavenging function of free oxygen was also high. These results provide primary data for the various natural healing uses of the extracts of the turfgrass.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2021

Purpose : This study aimed to present normative data and cut-off points for older Korean adults completing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Korean (MoCA-K), which is used as a screening test for mild cognitive impairment in Korea. Methods : A total of 195 healthy adults ≥60 years were recruited. All participants completed the MoCA-K and the Korean - Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) to assess their cognitive function. Participants were divided into six groups based on their age: 60-64 years, 65~69 years, 70~74 years, 75~79 years, 80~84 years, and 85~89 years. Results : The results revealed that MoCA-K score decreased significantly with age (mean score ± standard deviation [SD]; 27.63±2.80 in subjects aged 60~64 years; 27.00±2.39 in subjects aged 65~69 years; 24.94±2.96 in subjects aged 70~74 years; 24.74±3.37 in subjects aged 75~79 years; 22.59±4.72 in subjects aged 80~84 years; and 18.83±5.38 in subjects aged 85~89 years; p<.001). Additionally, MoCA-K score also increased significantly with educational level (mean score±standard deviation [SD]; 19.95±4.78 in no formal education group; 24.95±2.22 in elementary school graduated group; 26.35±2.72 in middle school graduated group; 28.32±1.36 in high school graduated group; and 28.50±1.51 in more than college graduated group; p<.001). The optimal cut-off points were 24/25 for 60~69 years old group, 21/22 for 70~79 years old group, 17/18 for 80~84 years old group, and 13/14 for 85~89 years old group. The optimal cut-off points were 15/16 for individuals who were illiterate, 22/23 for individuals with 6 years of education, 22/24 for individuals with 9 years of education, and 26/27 for individuals with 12 or more years of education. Conclusions : This study presents normative data and cut-off points for the MoCA-K in older Korean adults. This data will facilitate more accurate detection and follow-up of the risk of mild cognitive impairment in this population, taking into consideration age and education. Future studies are required that should focus on the cut-off score on the level of education according to age.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.504-512
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• 2021

Sperm formation disorders and sperm quality degradation comprises the largest proportion of male infertility caused by TCDD. To solve this problem, this study examined the effects of Gobonyangjeonbang oriental medicine prescription on the endocrine function and reproductive toxicity-related indicators in rat-induced TCDD-induced reproductive. Male SD rats were divided into five groups of seven animals and tested. The normal control group was administered the vehicle and saline, the TCDD alone group was administered intraperitoneally with TCDD (2 ㎍/kg, weeks) and physiological saline, and the test group was administered orally by dividing GYB (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) into three concentrations for six weeks. Weight loss was observed in all groups administered TCDD. Regarding the hormonal changes, a significant decrease in free testosterone was observed in the GYB 300 mg/kg group (p<0.01). In addition, some of the germ cell destruction, seminiferous tubular atrophy, and decrease in sperm count was improved in a concentration-dependent manner in the testicular tissue of the GYB-treated group. In addition, Johnsen's score and serotoli cell index (SCI) were improved in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). Overall, GYB can be used in drug therapy rather than medical procedures to solve male infertility in the future.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2022

This study will evaluate the effect of fermented Morinda citrifolia L. extracts and its marker compounds to provide baseline data for utilizing Morinda citrifolia L. as functional health products. Morinda citrifolia L. and six marker compounds were processed on RAW 246.7 macrophage to test for XTT Cytotoxicity, measure Nitric Oxide and Cyokine formation, and analyze the expression of immune marker genes. Furthermore, LPS and fermented red ginseng extract, a common functional ingredient, are used as positive controls. Our results showed that fermented Morinda citrifolia L and six bioactive compounds did not have any cytotoxic effect in all treatment concentrations and groups. Among six bioactive compounds, SCP and ASE confirmed the formation of NO. In addition, the ASE treatment group showed increased formation of IL-6 and IL-1β and the expression of iNOS and TNF-α. Also, fermented Morinda citrifolia L extract activated the macrophage by enhancing the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, and the expression of COX2 compared to Morinda citrifolia L. extracts. The result of the study showed that Fermented Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) and marker compound enhance the innate immunity activity and suggested that the bioactive compound could be applied as a marker compound. Thus, Fermented Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) could be used as functional food material to develop immunity-enhancing products, and highly functional marker compounds can be utilized as the effective components.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2022

When acquiring a product having an OS, it is very important to identify the exact kernel version of the OS. This is because the product's administrator needs to keep checking whether a new vulnerability is found in the kernel version. Also, if there is an acquisition requirement for exclusion or inclusion of a specific kernel version, the kernel identification becomes critical to the acquisition decision. In the case of the Linux kernel used in various equipment, sometimes it becomes difficult to pinpoint the device's exact version. The reason is that many manufacturers often modify the kernel to produce their own firmware optimized for their device. Furthermore, if a kernel patch is applied to the modified kernel, it will be very different from its base kernel. Therefore, it is hard to identify the Linux kernel accurately by simple methods such as a specific file existence test. In this paper, we propose a static method to classify a specific kernel version by analyzing function names stored in the symbol table. In an experiment with 100 Linux devices, we correctly identified the Linux kernel version with 99% accuracy.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Objectives : To observe the effect of 4 kinds of Korean medicine and complex extracts on the anti-stress of chronic mild stress Rat model, so as to find out the machanism of its pharmacological effects. Methods : 64 healthy SD Rats were randomly divided into 8 groups. Model Design by chronic stress(CSM), and carried out the forced swimming test. We investigated the body weight, feed and water intake, feed conversion ratio and measured parameters to changes in swimming time, immobility time, 2 and 24 hours of feces, corticosterone hormone and blood glucose level. Results : In this experiments, body weight gain and feed intake were higher in all korean medicinal herb group. Swimming time were increased by Zizyphus jujuba and Gagamsanzointang(SZT) groups and immobility time was significantly lower by Zizyphus jujuba and Fluoxetine(FLX) groups. The result of corticosterone hormone level were significantly lower in Fluoxetine(FLX) and Gagamsanzointang(SZT) but blood glucose was not significantly difference. In 2 hours after fecal frequency result were significantly lower in Zizyphus jujuba group. but SZT group were increased. This result caused by acute stress but 24 hours of feces were restored to normal. Conclusions : 5 kind of Korean Medicinal Herbs extracts has good anti-stress effects, and also to clear the circulatory system and regulate blood glucose and improve bowel function. We suggest that use a single Korean medicine rather than the combination to relieve stress.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.129-140
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• 2021

The next generation mBcN should be built to cooperate with the wireless network to support hyper-speed and hyper-connectivity. In this paper, we propose a network architecture for the cooperation mBcN and 5G commercial network and architecture of the cooperative security gateway required for the cooperation. The proposed cooperative security gateway is between gNB and UPF to support LBO, SFC, and security. Our analysis shows that the proposed architecture has several advantages. First of all, user equipment connected with the mBcN can be easily connected through the 5G commercial radio network to the mBcN. Second, the military application traffic can be transmitted to mBcN without going through the 5G core network, reducing the end-to-end transmission delay without causing the traffic load on the 5G core network. In addition, the security level of the military application can effectively be maintained because the user equipment can be connected to the cooperative security gateway, and the traffic generated by the user equipment is transmitted to the mBcN without going through the 5G core network. Finally, we demonstrate that LBO, SFC, and security modules are essential functions of the proposed gateway in the 5G test-bed environment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.480-486
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• 2021

Background: Although various methods are already used to calculate predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) based on preoperative FEV₁ in lung surgery, the predicted postoperative FEV₁ is not always the same as the actual postoperative FEV₁. Observed postoperative FEV₁ values are usually the same or higher than the predicted postoperative FEV₁. To overcome this issue, we investigated the relationship between the number of resected lung segments and the discordance of preoperative and postoperative FEV₁ values. Methods: From September 2014 to May 2020, the data of all patients who underwent anatomical lung resection by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were gathered and analyzed retrospectively. We investigated the association between the number of resected segments and the differential FEV₁ (a measure of the discrepancy between the predicted and observed postoperative FEV₁) using the t-test and linear regression. Results: Information on 238 patients who underwent VATS anatomical lung resection at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong and by DH. Kim for benign and malignant disease was collected. After applying the exclusion criteria, 114 patients were included in the final analysis. In the multiple linear regression model, the number of resected segments showed a positive correlation with the differential FEV₁ (Pearson r=0.384, p<0.001). After adjusting for multiple covariates, the differential FEV₁ increased by 0.048 (95% confidence interval, 0.023-0.073) with an increasing number of resected lung segments (R²=0.271, p<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, after pulmonary resection, the number of resected segments showed a positive correlation with the differential FEV₁.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.429-442
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• 2020

The purpose of this research was to examine changes in the physical fitness, activities of daily living performance, and cognitive status of the frail elderly by combined exercise programs. The combined exercise program consisted of an aerobic exercise for the elderly and a four-color ladder exercise for improving of cognitive ability and physical fitness. Twenty-one frail elderly participated in this study, they were divided into 12 exercise groups and nine control groups. The exercise group conducted the combined exercise program of 60 minutes, twice a week, for10 weeks, while the control group maintained their normal lives. Strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, ADL and MMSE-K were measured. Exercise group showed significant improvement in grip strength compared to control group. In addition, ADL showed significant improvement only in the exercise group. The results of this study showed that participation in the combined exercise program of the el derl y was effective in improving the grip strength, and in preventing various physical functions and cognitive conditions decline.