• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.605-611
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• 2016

Mg alloy sheet exhibits significant differences in tensile and compressive yield stress depending on the temperature, as well as variations in its hardening behavior. Such unusual behavior makes it difficult to simulate the forming process of Mg alloy sheets. Results of analysis tend to deviate significantly from the experimental data because commercial software do not completely implement the unusual hardening behavior, yield asymmetry and temperature dependent changes in the Mg alloy's material properties. In the previous study, an in-plane tension-compression cyclic tester was developed to predict the cyclic behavior of Mg alloy sheets at an elevated temperature of up to $250^{\circ}C$. A new constitutive equation was suggested to analyze the unusual behavior, and was implemented in the commercial software in the form of user subroutine. In this paper, a stamping process of Mg seat cushion panel for automotive parts was simulated using the experimental data and user subroutine. Based on the analysis, an optimal temperature condition was determined and a stamping die shape at each step was suggested in the non-isothermal stamping of Mg alloy sheets.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.940-946
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• 2015

선삭작업에서 가공 여유각 변경은 가공특성을 변화시킨다. 본 연구에서는 피삭재로 기계구조용탄소강, 크롬믈리브텐강, 스테인리스강을 선택하여 정해진 가공조건으로 재질들의 특색이 어떻게 변화하는지 나타내었다. 피삭재의 재질별 표면거칠기를 알아보기 위하여 촉침식 표면 거칠기 측정기로 측정한 결과 인장강도가 높은 피삭재가 표면거칠기 값이 좋게 나왔다. 또한, 가공 이송속도 0.07 mm/rev와 0.10 mm/rev를 비교하였을 경우, 0.07mm/rev일 때가 재질과 관계없이 표면거칠기가 매우 좋게 나타났다. 선삭 여유각 변경에 따른 표면거칠기를 종합하여 분석하여 보면 3가지 재질 모두 $0.9^{\circ}$일 때 가장 좋은 거칠기 값을 보였으며 $0.3^{\circ}$일 때 가장 나쁜 거칠기 값을 보였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2009

본 연구는 화학적으로 개질된 열가소성 전분(chemically modified thermoplastic starch(CMPS))과 poly(lactic acid)(PLA)와 poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT) 블렌드의 형태학, 열적 및 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향에 대해서 연구하였다. PLA/PBAT 블렌드에 CMPS를 이 블렌드의 중량기준으로 10, 20, 30 wt%를 첨가하여 이축압출기로 가공하였다. PLA/PBAT/CMPS 블렌드에서 PLA의 유리전이온도($T_g$)는 CMPS 함량이 증가하여도 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았지만, CMPS의 첨가에 의해 PLA상과 PBAT상 사이의 계면상태가 좋아지는 상용성 있는 형태학을 보여주었다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2021

Electrospinning is a cost-effective and versatile method for producing submicron fibers. Although this method is relatively simple, at the theoretical level the interactions between process parameters and their influence on the fiber morphology are not yet fully understood. In this paper, the aim was finding optimal electrospinning parameters in order to obtain the smallest fiber diameter by using Taguchi's methodology. The nanofibers produced by electrospinning a solution of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) in Dimethylformamide (DMF). Polymer concentration and process parameters were considered as the effective factors. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal design (4 parameters, 3 levels) was applied to the experiential design. Optimal electrospinning conditions were determined using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio with Minitab 17 software. The morphology of the nanofibers was studied by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Thereafter, a tensile tester machine was used to assess mechanical properties of nanofibrous scaffolds. The analysis of DoE experiments showed that TPU concentration was the most significant parameter. An optimum combination to reach smallest diameters was yielded at 12 wt% polymer concentration, 16 kV of the supply voltage, 0.1 ml/h feed rate and 15 cm tip-to-distance. An empirical model was extracted and verified using confirmation test. The average diameter of nanofibers at the optimum conditions was in the range of 242.10 to 257.92 nm at a confidence level 95% which was in close agreement with the predicted value by the Taguchi technique. Also, the mechanical properties increased with decreasing fibers diameter. This study demonstrated Taguchi method was successfully applied to the optimization of electrospinning conditions for TPU nanofibers and the presented scaffold can mimic the structure of Extracellular Matrix (ECM).

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2022

This study tried to analyze the heat resistance properties by blending epoxy and phenolic resin in a certain ratio, and to analyze the adhesive properties at the time of metal-polymer hetero-adhesion by applying Epoxy-phenolic resin between a silicon steel sheet and m-aramid sheet, the viscosity, adhesive peel strength, and adhesive cross section were measured using a rotational rheometer, a tensile tester(UTM), and a field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM). The thermal stability and heat resistance were confirmed by measuring the mass loss according to the temperature increase using Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). After blending with epoxy and Phenolic resin(1:0.25 ratio) curing at 110℃ for 10 min, high adhesive strength was improved more than 40% compared to the adhesive strength using epoxy alone. When the space between the silicon steel sheet and m-aramid sheet, which is created during curing of the E-P blend, is cured with a slight weight, it is possible to control the empty space and improve adhesion.

• 청정기술
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2015

휘발성 유기 화합물(volatile organic compounds, VOC)이 없는 접착제가 환경 보호 및 산업체 종사자의 건강을 보호하기위해 산업계에서 많은 관심을 받고 있으며, 본 논문에서는 에폭시 수지를 용매처럼 사용하여 유기용매를 사용하지 않아 유해 물질을 발생시키지 않으면서 상온에서 보관성이 좋은 잠재성 접착소재의 조성물 배합비에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 바인더 재료인 에폭시 수지에 다양한 경화제 함량을 사용하여 기계적 강도, 열적 특성, 충격 특성 및 전단강도 실험을 진행하여 에폭시 수지 대비 경화제의 최적 조성비를 파악하는 실험을 실시하였다. 에폭시 경화물 시험편의 탄성계수, 인장강도, 신율 등의 기계적 강도는 만능시험기(universal testing machine, UTM)로 측정하였고, 각 조성물의 충격저항성 및 접착 강도 또한 충격시험기(izod impact tester)와 UTM으로 측정하였다. 인장강도, 탄성계수, 신율 및 충격 강도에서는 화학양론비에 근접한 에폭시 수지 대비 0.9당량의 경화제 함량 조성물에서 다른 함량 조건에 비해 우수한 결과를 보여주었으며, 동역학분석기(dynamic mechanical analysis, DMA)를 통한 열적 특성 조사에서는 0.7 당량의 경화제 함량 조성물에서 가장 높은 tanδ 값이 관찰되었다. 주사전자현미경을 이용한 에폭시-경화제 경화물의 파단면 모폴로지 관찰에서는 경화제 함량증가에 따라 파단면에서 crack에 의한 물결모양의 미세한 선들이 증가함을 보여주었다. 경화물의 시험시편 실험 결과를 통해서 0.9 당량의 경화제 함량 경화물이 기계적 강도가 우수하고 0.7 당량 조성물의 경화 시험편이 열적 및 접착 강도 측면에서 뛰어남을 알 수 있었다. 또한 잠재성 경화제를 사용한 조성물의 점도 변화를 측정하여 상온에서의 저장 안정성이 뛰어남을 확인하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the bonding of resin- based root canal sealer, AH26 when the sealer was applied as a thin layer between dentine and gutta-percha surface. In this study forty non-caries extracted human molars and resin-based root canal sealer(AH 26, DeTrey/Dentsply, Germany) were used. Disks of gutta-percha, 6mm in diameter.6mm thick (Diadent/Dentsply, Korea) for thermoplastic obturation were used and dentin surfaces were treated with 2% NaOCl(Group 1) or 2%NaOCl+17% EDTA(Group 3). Disks of gutta-Percha, 6mm in diameter.6mm thick (Diadent/Dentsply, Korea) for conventional obturation were used and dentin surface were treated with 2% NaOCl(Group 2) or 2%NaOCl+17% EDTA(Group 4). Enamel was removed by a horizontal section 1mm below the deepest portion of the central occlusal groove by using a watercooled low speed diamond saw. A second horizontal section was done around cementoenamel junction. Exposed dentin surface was cut to approximately $8{\times}8{\;}mm$ rectangular shape and was ground against 320, 400, 600 grade silicon carbide abrasive paper serially. After grinding, the dentine surface were soaked in a solution of 2% NaOCl for 30 minutes and twenty of specimens were treated with 17% EDTA solution for 1 minute. The treated specimens were washed and dried, Root canal sealer, AH26 was prepared according to the manufacture's instructions The Gutta-percha and dentin surface were coated with a thin layer of the freshly mixed seal or. The specimens were left overnight at room temperature. After their initial set, they were transferred to an incubator at $37$^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. After 72 hours, resin blocks were made. The resin block was serially sectioned vertically into stick of $1{\cdot}1mm$. Twenty sticks were prepared from each group. After that, tensile bond strength f3r each stick was measured with Microtensile Tester Failure patterns of the specimens at the interface between gutta-percha and dentin were observed under the SEM(x1000) and Stereomicroscope (LEICA M42O, Meyer Inst., TX U.S.A) at 1.25 x25 magnification. The results were statistically analysed by using a One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The results were as follows; 1. Tensile bond strengths($mean{\pm}SD$) were expressed with ascending order as follows: Group 1, $3.09{\pm}$ 1.05Mpa : Group 2, $6.23{\pm}1.16MPa$ : Group 3, $7.12{\pm}1.07MPa$ : Group 4, $10.32{\pm}2.06MPa$. 2. Tensile bond strengths of the group 2 and 4 used disks of gutta-percha for conventional obturation were significantly higher than that of the group 1 and 3 used fir thermoplastic obturation. (p < 0.05). 3. Tensile bond strengths of the group 3 and 4 treated with 2% NaOC1+17% EDTA were significantly higher than that of the group 1 and 2 treated with 2% NaOCl. (p < 0.05). 4. In analysis of failure patterns at the interface between sealer and gutta-percha, there were observed 49 (61%)cases of adhesive failure patterns and 31 (39%) cases of mixed failures patterns.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

근관치료 후 적절한 치관부 밀폐를 위해 레진을 이용한 코어수복방법이 현재 많이 사용되고 있다. 하지만, 근관치료 과정에서 사용되는 NaOCl이나 EDTA같은 근관세척제는 레진 접착에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 이에 관한 많은 연구들이 이루어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 ethanol wet bonding을 치수강 상아질에 적용 시에 NaOCl과 EDTA가 결합강도에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 30개의 인간 대구치로부터 총 60개의 시편을 얻었고, 이를 무작위로 4개의 군으로 분류했다. G1: 증류수로 세척후 증류수로 마무리 세척, G2: NaOCl로 세척 후 NaOCl로 마무리세척, G3: NaOCl로 세척 후 EDTA로 마무리세척, G4: NaOCl로 세척 후 EDTA로 마무리세척하고 접착과정에서 산부식과정 생략. 접착과정은 인산부식 후 에탄올의 농도를 50%, 70%, 80%, 95% 그리고 100%로 순차적으로 증가시켜가면서 상아질을 탈수시키고 에탄올에 적셔지도록 하였다. 프라이머는 HEMA가 포함되지 않은 상용화된 접착제인 ALL-BOND 3 RESIN과 에탄올을 반반씩 섞어 만들었다. 프라이머 적용 후 ALL-BOND 3 RESIN을 접착제로 사용하였다. 저점도 복합레진을 이용하여 6mm 두께로 적층충전한 후 빔 형태로 잘라 미세인장결합강도 실험을 하였다. NaOCl 처리한 그룹은 미세인장결합강도에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여주지는 않았지만 낮은 평균값을 보여주었다(p=0.052). NaOCl 처리 후 1분간 EDTA로 처리한 그룹은 다른 그룹보다 유의하게 높은 결합강도를 보여주었다(p<0.05). EDTA 처리가 결합강도를 향상 시켰지만, 산부식 과정을 생략할 경우 유의하게 낮은 결합 강도를 보여주었으며, 이는 EDTA처리가 산부식 과정을 대신할 수는 없다는 것을 보여준다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.418-426
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 구강 환경과 유사한 조건에서 불소방출성을 보이는 콤포짓트 레진계 수복재의 내구성과 불소방출성을 조사하기 위해 4 종의 콤포머와 1 종의 불소방출성 콤포짓트 레진을 실험재료로 선택하고 $5^{\circ}C$와 $55^{\circ}C$ 수중에서의 열순환 처리 후의 인장강도, 열순환 처리 후 칫솔에 대한 작용력 1.5N으로 100,000회 칫솔질을 시행하였을 때의 표면조도 및 불소치약 칫솔질 후 $37^{\circ}C$ 수중에서의 불소이온 용출 양상을 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 인장강도는 TC($Tetric^{(R)}$ Ceram)군에서 32.3 MPa, CF(Compoglass F)군에서 16.8 MPa이고, TC군과 DF($Dyract^{(R)}$ flow)군 및 CF군에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 2. 칫솔질 마모시험 후의 표면조도 Ra는 TC군에서 0.287, FT(F2000)군에서 1.516이고, FT군과 나머지 시험군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 3. 칫솔질 마모시험 후의 표면에서는 필러의 돌출과 탈락 양상이 관찰되었다. 4. 불소치약 Perio Alpine Herb로 칫솔질 한 후 콤포머는 초기에 높은 용출을 보인 후 시간이 경과하면서 용출량이 감소하는 양상을 보였지만, 불소방출성 콤포짓트 레진의 TC군에서는 초기단계부터 낮으면서도 지속적인 용출을 보였다. 5. 불소치약 Perio Alpine Herb로 칫솔질 한 후 1시간이 경과하였을 때의 불소이온 용출량은 CF군에서 $2.064{\mu}g/cm^2$, TC 군에서 $0.1119{\mu}g/cm^2$이고, CF군의 용출량이 나머지 시험군에 비해 유의하게 높은 값을 보였다(P<0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.751-760
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• 1997

Resin-modified glass ionomers were introduced in 1988 to overcome the problems of moisture sensitivity and low early mechanical strengths of the conventional glass ionomers, and to maintain their dinical advantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bi-axial fracture strength of four resinmodified glass-ionomers(Fuji II LC, Vitremer, Dyract, VariGlass), one resin composite material(Z-100), and one conventional glass-ionomer(Fuji II). Three specimens of each material and shade combination were made according to the manufacturers' instructions. Materials were condensed into metal mold with a diameter of 10mm and a thickness of 2.0mm and pressed between two glass plates. Resin-modified glass ionomers were polymerized using a Visilux II light curing unit by irradiating for 60 seconds from both sides, and conventional glass ionomer was cured chemically. After specimens were removed from the molds, surfaces were polished sequentially on wet sandpapers up to No. 600 silicone carbide paper. The specimens were thermocycled for 2,000 cycles between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ distilled water. After thermocycling, bi-axial fracture strengths were measured using a compressive-tensile tester(Zwick 1456 Z020, Germany) with the cross head speed of 0.5mm/minute. The results were as follows: 1. Two factors of the kind and color of materials had a main effect on bi-axial fracture strength (p<0.01), and bi-axial fracture strength was influenced significantly by the kinds of materials (p<0.01). But there was no significant interaction between two variables of the kind and color of materials (p>0.05). 2. Comparing the mechanical properties of the materials, the elastic modulus of Z100 was higher than any other material, and there was no difference in the displacement at fracture among materials. The bi-axial fracture strength of Z100 was significantly higher than any other material, and that of resin-modified glass ionomers was significantly higher than that of conventional glass ionomer (p<0.05). 3. In the same material group, the color of material had little influence on the mechanical properties.