• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

Wet compaction test (WCT) is a fiber evaluation method where wet fibers are compressed at one side of a cylinder and water drains out from the other side. The consistency of the fiber furnishes and their pressures are recorded during the test. In the previous study we found that WCT results always gave better coefficients of determination in fiber furnish drainage, and paper properties (density, tensile, tear, and burst strength) than those of WRV (water retention value). Fiber freeness and fiber length correlated well with drainage and tear strength of the furnishes, respectively; however, their correlations were very much improved by combining the WCT results. In this study, we used the WCT test for fractionated fiber furnishes to see whether improvement of the WCT is possible. We found that strength properties such as breaking length and burst index were correlated better with the fractionated long fiber furnishes. Drainage was greatly affected by the presence of short fiber furnishes. We used bleached chemical pulps (SwBKP, HwBKP), recycled pulp (OCC), and mechanical pulp (BCTMP) as fiber furnishes in this study. Fiber fractionation can be performed on-line in these days by using multifractor and WCT can be used as an on-line test in papermachine in the future.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.663-683
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• 2014

In order to study the dynamic failure mechanism and aseismic measure for high concrete gravity dam under earthquake, the comparative models experiment on the shaking table was conducted to investigate the dynamic damage response of concrete gravity dam with and without the presence of reinforcement and evaluate the effectiveness of the strengthening measure. A new model concrete was proposed and applied for maintaining similitude with the prototype. A kind of extra fine wires as a substitute for rebar was embedded in four-points bending specimens of the model concrete to make of reinforced model concrete. The simulation of reinforcement concrete of the weak zones of high dam by the reinforced model concrete meets the similitude requirements. A tank filled with water is mounted at the upstream of the dam models to simulate the reservoir. The Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) that induces the first tensile crack at the head of dam is applied as the basic index for estimating the overload capacity of high concrete dams. For the two model dams with and without strengthening tested, vulnerable parts of them are the necks near the crests. The results also indicate that the reinforcement is beneficial for improving the seismic-resistant capacity of the gravity dam.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.75-91
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• 2022

This paper aims to show how to use several Machine Learning (ML) methods to estimate the TBM penetration rate systematically (TBM-PR). To this end, 1125 datasets including uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Brazilian tensile strength (BTS), punch slope index (PSI), distance between the planes of weakness (DPW), orientation of discontinuities (alpha angle-α), rock fracture class (RFC), and actual/measured TBM-PRs were established. To evaluate the ML methods' ability to perform, the 5-fold cross-validation was taken into consideration. Eventually, comparing the ML outcomes and the TBM monitoring data indicated that the ML methods have a very good potential ability in the prediction of TBM-PR. However, the long short-term memory model with a correlation coefficient of 0.9932 and a route mean square error of 2.68E-6 outperformed the remaining six ML algorithms. The backward selection method showed that PSI and RFC were more and less significant parameters on the TBM-PR compared to the others.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2022

Laser welding has attracted great attention as a tool used to join electrical steel coils. In this study, laser butt welding for electrical steel coil joining was conducted using the Taguchi method. It was found that structural defects such as void sand cracks were not produced in welds. This indicated that the performance of laser welding in electrical steel was excellent. According to the Taguchi analysis, the total welding quality index (TWQI) considering the bead height and roughness and tensile strength of the weld joint was almost evenly affected by laser power, welding speed, and focal position. The optimum welding conditions to maximize the TWQI were a laser power of 1220W, welding speed of 90 mm/s, and a focal position of 1mm. The regress model predicting the TWQI was also developed using the surface response method. We found that the model predicts measured values with an average error of 16.36%.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.597-609
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• 2023

One of the applicable methods for the stabilization of soil walls is the nailing system which consists of tensile struts. The stability and safety of soil nail wall systems are influenced by the geometrical parameters of the nailing system. Generally, the determination of nailing parameters in order to achieve optimal performance of the nailing system for the safety of soil walls is defined in the framework of optimization problems. Also, according to the various uncertainty in the mechanical parameters of soil structures, it is necessary to evaluate the reliability of the system as a probabilistic problem. In this paper, the optimal design of the nailing system is carried out in deterministic and probabilistic cases using meta-heuristic and reliability-based design optimization methods. The colliding body optimization algorithm and first-order reliability method are used for optimization and reliability analysis problems, respectively. The objective function is defined based on the total cost of nails and safety factors and reliability index are selected as constraints. The mechanical properties of the nailing system are selected as design variables and the mechanical properties of the soil are selected as random variables. The results show that the reliability of the optimally designed soil nail system is very sensitive to uncertainty in soil mechanical parameters. Also, the design results are affected by uncertainties in soil mechanical parameters due to the values of safety factors. Reliability-based design optimization results show that a nailing system can be designed for the expected level of reliability and failure probability.

• Composites Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 전구체의 종류에 따라 PAN계/rayon계, 직물의 형태에 따라 연속사 및 방적사 탄소 직물을 사용하여 하이브리드 복합재료를 제조하여 역학적 특성과 열적 특성을 살펴보았다. 인장, 층간 전단강도 실험을 통해 연속사 PAN계 탄소 직물을 많이 사용한 하이브리드 복합재료에서 우수한 역학적 특성을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 토치 테스트에서는 rayon계 탄소 직물 복합재료의 삭마 저항성이 가장 떨어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 방적사 PAN계 탄소 직물과 rayon계 탄소 직물을 하이브리드화한 복합재료가 면내 방향과 수직 방향 모두에서 저 열전도도 구현에 유리한 특성을 보여주었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2023

In this research, the degradation rate of physical properties of the Angouran pit bedrock (calc-schist) is first investigated under the specific numbers of freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles. Then, the durability of calc-schist specimens against the F-T cycle number (N) is examined considering the mechanical parameters, and using the decay function and half-time techniques. For this purpose, point load strength (I_S(50)), second durability index (I_d2), Brazilian tensile strength (BTS), and compressive (V_P) and shear (V_S) wave velocities of calc-schist specimens are measured after 0, 7, 15, 40, and 75 N. For comparing the degradation rate of mechanical properties of available rock types on the Angouran mine walls, these tests are also carried out on the limestone and amphibolite schist specimens beside the calc-schist. According to test results, the exponential regression models are developed between the mechanical parameters of rock specimen's and N variable. Also, the long-term durability of each rock type versus N is studied using the decay function and half-time techniques. Results indicated that the degradation rate differs for the above rock types in which amphibolite schist and calc-schist specimens have the highest and least resistance against the N, respectively. The obtained results from this study can play a key role in the optimal design of the mine's final walls.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권6A호
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• pp.881-891
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• 2008

국내 최초로 시공되는 롤러다짐 콘크리트 댐(RCD)의 온도균열 관리방안 수립하기 위하여 RCD 공법의 시공특성인 층(layer) 타설 방식을 고려하여, 댐체의 온도분포 및 온도응력 해석을 수행하였다. RCD 공법은 수 백 개의 시공단계로 구성되어 있고, 실제 타설 층을 시공단계로 해석하는 것과 6층을 한 시공단계로 시공하는 경우를 비교하여 해석 단계의 단순화 가능성을 검토하였으며, 단위시멘트량이 $130kg/m^3$ 내외로 발열량이 매우 작은 RCD 배합의 경우에도 여름철에는 온도균열 지수가 1.0 이하로 나타나 온도관리의 필요성을 확인하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2023

This paper investigated the applicability of polyester yarn coating using ther- moplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) to replace polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coated yarn for blinds fabric. For this purpose, suitable TPEE for yarn coating was selected by measuring thermal and rheological properties and the yarn coating process conditions were investigated by changing variables such as extrusion temperature, die and nipple dimensions, take-up speed, and core yarn denier. TPEE coated yarns with a diameter of 0.3 and 0.4 mm were prepared, respectively. Tensile properties and cross-section uniformity revealed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the TPEE coated yarn were analyzed. Among several candidates, TPEE having a melt index of 35 and melting temperature of 153℃ was the most suitable for replacing PVC, and the opti- mum coating conditions for the TPEE coating yarn were a head temperature of 170℃ and core yarn denier of 420 denier. The selected TPEE coated yarns have enough ten- sile strength and uniformity to replace present PVC coated yarns, certified by SEM photograph.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.315-320
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• 1996

본 실험에서는 보류향상제의 첨가량과 중질 탄산칼슘 첨가량에 따른 탄산칼슘 보류량(회분함량)을 조사하였으며, 동일 회분량에서 종이의 기계적 광학적 특성을 비교하였다. 각 보류시스템 모두 보류향상제 첨가량을 증가시키면 중질 탄산칼슘(입자평균직경 $3.2{\mu}m$) 보류, 즉 종이의 회분량은 증가한다. 이 경우 보류향상제와 중질 탄산칼슘 첨가량을 조절하여 이미 예정된 회분량이 함유된 종이를 초지할 수 있다. 종이의 인장지수, 파열지수, 인열지수 및 내부결합강도는 종이의 회분량이 증가됨에 따라 직선적으로 감소한다. 특히 동일 회분량에서 비교하면, 콤포질 시스템에 의한 종이에서 제반 강도가 높고, 듀알 폴리머 시스템에서는 강도가 낮다. 불투명도는 회분량 증가에 따라 함께 증가하며, 하이드로콜 시스템에서 가장 높고 역시 듀알 폴리머에서 가장 낮다. 동일 불투명도에서 종이의 강도는 콤포질, 하이드로콜, 듀알 폴리머 시스템 순으로 감소한다. 그러나 보류향상제의 우열을 판단하기 위해서는 충전제의 보류량과 종이의 강도 이외에도 적정 생산조건 및 적정 공정조건과 같은 여러 가지 다른 요인들도 고려되어야 한다.