• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

Tencel fabric cationized with chitosan can be effectively dyed with anionic dyes. To investigate the change of dyeing properties of cationized Tencel fabric, some experiments were performed under the several dyeing conditions with acid and reactive dyes. Whiteness index decreased with the increment of crosslinking agent concentration. The cationized Tencel fabric was dyed well by anionic dye such as acid dye, the dyeability of reactive dye was improved by addition of a little salt without alkali. The dye fixation on the cationized Tencel fabric was increased with chitosan concentration without electrolyte and alkali. The dyeability of Tencel treated with chitosan was better than controlled Tencel, especially under the acidic conditions. According to the number and the types of functional group of reactive dyes, dye affinity of the modified Tencel fabric varied and wash fastness of acid dye was better than reactive dye.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.7 s.144
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• pp.987-996
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• 2005

For cationization, if chitosan, which has the affinity for a human body and reacts easily without inducing any pollution, is used, cationization of Tencel blended fabrics can be expected and further expansion of its use as a new susceptible material can be expected. Therefore, in this study, in order to compare a Tencel/cotton and a Tencel/Cotton/PET as Tencel blended fabrics with a Tencel single fabric, the fabric samples were used and processed with chitosan after NaOH pretreatment and enzyme treatment thereof, and then its adherent efficiency was enhanced by using a crosslinking agent, and then it was got to be finished with a softener. The fibril of Tencel fabric was controlled by enzyme treatment so that the surface of the Tencel blended fabrics got to be smooth. Chitosan adhered to the surface of the Tencel blended fabrics in the form of particles through its processing with chitosan. Chitosan treatment caused little change in the crystal structure thereof and the thermal stability of the Tencel/Cotton/PET fabric was slightly improved. The total hand value(THV) calculated on the basis of the change due to chitosan treatment was increased in all samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.703-713
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• 2012

This study analyzed the physical properties and flame retardancy of Tencel FR/Cotton complex knit fabrics in order to satisfy two aspects of eco-friendliness and functionality. The flame retardant (FR) treatment of complex knit fabrics was applied by a pad-dry-cure method for additional functionality. Tensile strength, extension, bursting strength, LOI, and flame retardancy were measured by the KS (Korean Standard) K manual. The hand value knit fabrics were measured by KES-FB system. Subsequently, tensile strength and extension of wale and tensile strength of course increased in tandem with the Tencel FR yarn content. Tencel FR/Cotton complex knit fabrics were suitable for summer-weight and for baby clothes through the KES-FB system measurements. The bursting strength of Tencel FR/Cotton complex knit fabrics decreased as the contents of the Tencel FR increased; in addition, LOI increased as the contents of Tencel FR increased. This was due to the Tencel FR flame resistance function; however, the tensile strength decreased. The optimum fiber content of Tencel FR/cotton content was 1:1. The optimum conditions of flame retardant treatment were a treatment temperature $130^{\circ}C$ and the concentration of finishing agent and assistance binder (AR4260) was 35% and 1%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.237-248
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the comfort sensation depending on four different kinds of denim blue jeans: cotton, cotton/tencel, tencel, cotton/pp. The objective and subjective experiments were conducted to measure the comfort of blue jeans. To investigate the objective comfort, physical properties related to thermal insulation, moisture properties and hand were measured. For subjective comfort measurement, 5 healthy female college students were taken as subjects. The outcomes of the experiments are as follows: The higher the air permeability and bulk density of the denim, the lower the thermal insulation, the thicker the denim, the higher the thermal insulation. Tencel blending denim showed the higher bulk density, the lower air contents, and consequently the lower thermal insulation than the other denims. Tencel showed the highest moisture regain, and cotton/tencel blend showed the highest water vapor permeability. Tencel denim had relatively better flexibility, shape stability and elastic recovery than the other denims. The total hand values of the denims by KES-FB system were not significantly different. Cotton and cotton/pp denims raised the subjects body temperature after excercise more than tencel or cotton/tencel denims. Average skin temperature was found to have a correlation with micro climate temperature and micro climate humidity. The correlation coefficients were 0.749 and 0.767, respectively. However, average skin temperatures were not significantly different among the materials. Pulse rate was found to be the highest when wearing cotton/pp and the lowest in case of cotton/tencel denim. The energy was consumed in order of cotton>cotton/pp>tencel>cotton/tencel. There was no significant difference in preference before excercise, but, after the excercise, the order of preference changed as the following; cotton/tencel>tencel>cotton/pp>cotton.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.11 s.158
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• pp.1572-1582
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• 2006

In this study, in order to compare a Tencel/cotton and a Tencel/Cotton/PET as Tencel blended fabrics with a Tencel fabric, the fabric samples were treated with chitosan after NaOH pretreatment and enzyme treatment thereof, And then its adherent efficiency was enhanced by using a crosslinking agent. After that, it was treated with a softener. In chitosan treatment, the functions of moisture regain, tensile strength, air permeability and crease resistance were more improved in the Tencel blended fabrics than in the Tencel fabric. Thus, it may be thought that the physical properties of the Tencel blended fabrics were more effectively modified than those of the Tencel fabric. And the friction charged voltage was very much reduced in all samples, so that chitosan treatment was effective for prevention of electrostatic charge. Further, chitosan finishing treatment improved remarkably the antibacterial activity in all samples regardless of the type of strains.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.283-292
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• 1996

This study examines the character of "Tencel" named as Ecology Fiber and investigates the fitness of it as the textile and the satisfaction in dress when its fastness is compared with that of Rayon classified into Celulose textile. Dye experiment selected 100% Tencel, Rayon for the samples, which were dyed into the direct dye and Turky Blue and Blue of the rective dye and were washed twelve times by the automatic washer. After that, the dye experiment examines the light, laundering, perspiration, rubbing and the composite fastness of the perspiration and hight in the lists of the dye fastness. The results are as follows: 1. The experiment of the color fastness, especially in T-blue of the direct dyestuff, requiring the twelve times-repeatedly-washing by the detergent says that the color fastness of Tencel is superior to that of the cellulose textile ; Rayon. 2. The experiment of the light fastness says that the fastness of Tencel is superior to that of Rayon. 3. The experiment of the laundering fastness says that all of Tencel, Rayon shows the excellent result in the direct dye than in the reactive dye. 4. The experiment of the rubbing fastness says that although Tencel, Rayon show the remarkable result in the desiccant experiment than in the humid one, the rubbing fastness of Tencel is superior to that of others. 5. The experiment of perspiration fastness says that Tencel, Rayon have the closely tightened tendency not to be altered through the acid and alkali perspirations. 6. The experiment of the composite fastness of perspiration and light indicates that the artifical perspirations, though the light lets the fastness of textiles weeken, do very slightly make them loosen, which does not offer the outstanding result. This whole result show that the fastness of Tencel is superior to that of Rayon. The Korean Fiber Enterprise in clothing should make the new and ecological fiber "Tencel" by means of the large amount of investment, and the technique of handing and controlling about it, considering that the dangerous needle of environmental pollution has been slackening the close-related ecological knots of the global environment. global environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.507-515
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• 2001

Tencel is a high quality cellulosic fiber, which is controlled and processed by an environmentally sound route. But, the point about tencel and the reason why it achieves its unique touch in its finished state is that it is a fibrillating fiber. That means it can take a great deal of punishment during the finishing process, which raise the fiber to produce the characteristics handle, without destroying the cloth. The aim of cellulase treatment is to improve appearence of tencel, plus the fiber ends protruding from the fabric surface. But enzymatic hydrolysis can weakens the fiber ends and changes the properties of fabrics. This study examined about the changes of properties according to several conditions and effect of cellulase to fibril of tencel. The results are as follows. The weight loss was occurred, tensile strength was decreased, softness was increased. And cellulase treatment reduced amount of fibril.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2002

Chitosan has reactive amino and hydroxyl groups which can be used to chemically alter its properties under the mild reaction conditions. Thus the cationization of Tencel with Chitosan is effective to modify the fabric. To investigate the modified properties of Tencel fabric, the tests were performed under the several finishing process with enzyme/glutaraldehyde/softener. The internal structure of Tencel which has the structure of cellulose II wasn't changed by enzyme, chitosan and crosslinking agent treatment and the thermal stability was improved by chitosan and crosslinking agent treatment. Wrinkle recovery angle under the dry condition increased highly until $0.1\textrm{mol}/\ell$ of glutaraldehyde concentration, and then decreased. Tensile strength of modified Tencel fabric decreased with increasing of weight loss, but it was improved more or less by chitosan, crosslinking agent and softener. Moisture regain was improved by enzyme and chitosan treatment. And antibacterial activity showed nearly 100% on Tencel fabric treated with 0.5% chitosan and adsorption of metal ion increased with increasing of chitosan concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1999

The Tencel fabrics were treated with bio-softness finish to improve softness. The change of the properties depending on the softner as well as cellulase treatment was investigated. The relative activity of cellulase for tencel was maximum ap pH 4-4.3 cellulase concentration 14-16% (o. w .f) treatment time 4 hour and liquor ratio 100: 1 The treatment of epoxy silicon softner improved in pilling whiteness dye absorption of Tencel fabric.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2003

This paper discussed the assessment of hand of Tencel denim fabrics finished by enzymatic hydrolysis. The subjective hand and the preference of Tencel denim fabrics were evaluated using the developed scale. The factors affecting consumers taste for Tencel denim fabrics were analyzed by statistics using SAS program. Also, the effects of cellulase treatment on the properties of Tencel denim fabrics were evaluated by the subjective hand measurements. The results are as follows: As the weight loss increased. fabrics were evaluated as finer, smoother, softer, warmer, more refined (surface properties), more compact and weaker (durability), more flexible, flossier, lighter, softer, thinner (sense of weight), more elastic, and less wrinkly (shape recovery). Fabrics were evaluated to have the dry touch regardless to the rate of weight loss (moisture properties). Overall hand preference of Tencel denim fabrics was in the side of not preferred. Hand of Tencel fabrics seems not to appeal to Korean people. Color preferences were not significantly different among five groups. The correlations between subjective hand and preference showed that fine, smooth, flexible, warm, refined, loose, soft, dry touches were preferred in Tencel denim fabrics.