• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.88-103
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• 1996

The objective of this study is to develop stochastic and deterministic models which could be used to synthesize water application time series. Adaptive models using mulitivariate ARIMA(Transfer Function Model) are developed for daily urban water use forecasting. The model considers several variables on which water demands is dependent. The dynamic response of water demands to several factors(e.g. weekday, average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, humidity, cloudiness, rainfall) are characterized in the model by transfer functions. Daily water use data of Kumi city in 1992 are employed for model parameter estimation. Meteorological data of Seonsan station are utilized to input variables because Kumi has no records about the meteorological factor data.To determine the main factors influencing water use, autocorrelogram and cross correlogram analysis are performed. Through the identification, parameter estimation, and diagnostic checking of tentative model, final transfer function models by each month are established. The simulation output by transfer function models are compared to a historical data and shows the good agreement.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2021

A compressed hydrogen tank is to be repressurized to 40 bar by being connected to a high-pressure line containing hydrogen at 50 bar and 25℃. Hydrogen filling time and the corresponding hydrogen temperature has been estimated when the filling process stopped according to several thermodynamic models. During the process of cooling the hydrogen tank, hydrogen temperature and pressure vs. time estimation was performed using Aspen Dynamics. Filling time, hydrogen temperature after filling hydrogen gas, cooling time and the final tank pressure after tank filling process have been completed according to the thermodynamic models are almost same.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.669-676
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• 2015

In this paper, we described the simulation results of the phase offset performance of a clock in holdover mode which was normally operated in GPS Disciplined Oscillator (GPSDO). In the TIE model, we included the time error term caused by environmental temperature variation because one of the most important parameters of clock phase error is the frequency offset and drift caused by the variation of temperature. For the simulation, we employed Maximum Time Interval Error (MTIE) for the performance evaluation when the frequency offset and drift are estimated by using an Unbiased Finite Impulse Response (UFIR) filter with ladder algorithm. We assumed that the noise in the GPS measurement is white Gaussian with zero mean and 1 ns standard deviation, and temperature linearly varies with a slope of $1{^{\circ}C}$ per hour. From the simulation results, the followings were observed. First, with the estimation error of temperature of less than 3 % and the temperature compensation period of less than 900 seconds, the requirement of CDMA2000 phase synchronization under 10 us could be achieved for more than 40,000 seconds holdover time if we employ an OCXO (Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator) clock. Second, in order to achieve the requirement of LTE-TDD under 1.5 us for more than 10,000 seconds holdover time, below 3 % estimation error and 500 seconds should be retained if a Rubidium clock is adopted.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.259-264
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• 2009

Most of the fossil power plants firing lower grade coals are challenged with maintaining good combustion conditions while maximizing generation and minimizing emissions. In many cases significant derate, availability losses and increase in unburned carbon levels can be attributed to poor combustion conditions as a result of poorly controlled local fuel and air distribution within the boiler furnace. The poor combustion conditions are directly related to the gas flow deviation in upper furnace and convection tube-bank but a less reported issue related to in large-scale oppose wall fired boilers. In order to develop a on-line combustion monitoring system and suggest an alternative heat flux estimation method at tube bank, which is very useful information for boiler design tool and blower optimizing system, field test was conducted at operating power boiler. During the field test the exhaust gases' temperature and tube metal temperature were monitored by using a spatially distributed sensors grid which located in the boiler's high temperature vestibule region. At these locations. the flue gas flow is still significantly stratified, and air in-leakage is minimal which enables tracing of poor combustion zones to specific burners and over-fire air ports. Test results showed that the flue gas monitoring method is more proper than metal temperature distribution monitoring for real time combustion monitoring because tube metal temp. distribution monitoring method is related to so many variables such as flue gas, internal flow unbalance, spray etc., Heat flux estimation at the tube bank with flue gas temp. and metal temp. data can be alternative method when tube drilling type sensor can't able to use.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.535-542
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• 1994

Remote sensing technique is based on the estimation of land surface characteristics from the measurement of the emitted radiation from the earth. The hydrologically related parameters studied using this approach include surface temperature, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, precipitation and snow. This study introduces a method for estimating moisture content of a bare soil from the observed and simulated brightness temperature. In a bare soil, microwave emission depends on moisture content, soil temperature, and surface roughness. The method is based on a radiative transfer model with some modifications of Fresnel reflection coefficient to take into account the effect of surface roughness. One smooth bare field and two fields with different surface roughness are prepared for the study. The results indicate that the effect of surface roughness is to increase the soil's brightness temperature and to reduce the slope of regression between brightness temperature and moisture contents.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to confirm the improvement of efficiency for temperature estimation at 0600 and 1500 LST by using a simple method for estimating temperature lapse rate modulated by the amount of clouds in comparison with the case adopting the existing single temperature lapse rate ($-6.5^{\circ}C/km$ or $-9^{\circ}C/km$). A catchment of the 'Hadong Watermark2,' which includes Hadong, Gurye, and Gwangyang was selected as the area for evaluating the practicality of the temperature lapse rate estimation method. The weather data of 0600 and 1500 LST at 12 weather observation sites within the catchment were collected during the entire year of 2015. Also, the 'sky condition' of digital forecast products of KMA in 2015 ($5{\times}5km$ lattice resolution) were overlapped with the catchment of the 'Hadong Watermark2,' to calculate the spatial average value within the catchment, which were used to simulate the 0600 and 1500 LST temperature lapse rate of the catchment. The estimation errors of the temperatures at 0600 LST were ME $-0.39^{\circ}C$ and RMSE $1.45^{\circ}C$ in 2015, when applying the existing temperature lapse rate. Using the estimated temperature lapse rate, they were improved to ME $-0.19^{\circ}C$ and RMSE $1.32^{\circ}C$. At 1500 LST, the effect of the improvements found from the comparison between the existing temperature lapse rate and the estimated temperature lapse rate were minute, because the estimated lapse rate of clear days is not very different from the existing lapse rate. However, the estimation errors of the temperatures at 1500 LST during cloudy days were improved from ME $-0.69^{\circ}C$, RMSE $1.54^{\circ}C$ to ME $-0.51^{\circ}C$, RMSE $1.19^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.660-663
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• 2006

Rainfall estimation is important to weather forecast, flood control, hydrological plan. The empirical and statistical methods by measured data(surface rain gauge, rainfall radar, Satellite) is commonly used for rainfall estimation. In this study, the rainfall intensity for East Asia region was estimated using the empirical relationship between SSM/I data of DMSP satellite and brightness temperature of GEOS-9(10.7${\mu}m$) with cloud types(ISCCP and MSG classification). And the empirical formula for rainfall estimation was produced by PMM (Probability Matching Method).

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2019

Accurate estimation of motor parameters is required in some motor control applications. For example, the value of stator resistance is required for stator flux-oriented control mostly used in doubly fed induction generator systems. Stator resistance is not a constant value and continuously changes due to the rise in temperature during motor operation. Estimation errors degrade the control performance. Hence, this study proposes a simple stator resistance estimation method. In this scheme, the differential components of voltage and current values are used to eliminate the dead-time effect, and Kalman filter algorithm is applied to reduce the error according to measurement noise. Simulation and experimental results obtained with a permanent magnet motor show the validity of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2016

Background: Knowledge on microclimate conditions under artificial shades in a ginseng field would facilitate climate-aware management of ginseng production. Methods: Weather data were measured under the shade and outside the shade at two fields located in Gochang-gun and Jeongeup-si, Korea, in 2011 and 2012 seasons to assess temperature and humidity conditions under the shade. An empirical approach was developed and validated for the estimation of leaf wetness duration (LWD) using weather measurements outside the shade as inputs to the model. Results: Air temperature and relative humidity were similar between under the shade and outside the shade. For example, temperature conditions favorable for ginseng growth, e.g., between $8^{\circ}C$ and $27^{\circ}C$, occurred slightly less frequently in hours during night times under the shade (91%) than outside (92%). Humidity conditions favorable for development of a foliar disease, e.g., relative humidity > 70%, occurred slightly more frequently under the shade (84%) than outside (82%). Effectiveness of correction schemes to an empirical LWD model differed by rainfall conditions for the estimation of LWD under the shade using weather measurements outside the shade as inputs to the model. During dew eligible days, a correction scheme to an empirical LWD model was slightly effective (10%) in reducing estimation errors under the shade. However, another correction approach during rainfall eligible days reduced errors of LWD estimation by 17%. Conclusion: Weather measurements outside the shade and LWD estimates derived from these measurements would be useful as inputs for decision support systems to predict ginseng growth and disease development.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.311-316
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• 2005