• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2005

There are many factors that affect on the system output of Photovoltaic(PV) power generation; the variation of solar radiation, temperature, energy conversion efficiency of solar cell etc. This paper suggests a methodology for calculation of PV generation output using the probability distribution function of irradiance, PV array efficiency and revision factors of solar cell conversion efficiency. Long-term irradiance data recorded every hour of the day for 11 years were used. For goodness-fit test, several distribution (unctions are tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S) method. The calculated generation output with or without revision factors of conversion efficiency is compared with that of CMS (Centered Monitoring System), which can monitor PV generation output of each PV generation site.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2022

The current-voltage modeling plays an important role in characterizing photovoltaic systems. A solar cell has a nonlinear characteristic with various parameters influenced by the external environments such as the irradiance and the temperature. In order to accurately predict current-voltage characteristics at low irradiance, the artificial neural networks are applied to effectively quantify nonlinear behaviors. In this paper, a multi-layer perceptron scheme that can make accurate predictions is employed to learn complex formulas for large amounts of continuous data. The simulated results of artificial neural networks model show the accuracy improvement by using MATLAB/Simulink.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2004

Characteristics of photosynthesis-light and photosynthesis-temperature relationships were seasonally compared among 4 species, two temperate Sargassurn (S. ringgoldianum and S. spathulophyllum) and two temperate kelp (Ecklonia cava and Eisenia bicyclis), growing in the same habitat in Oura Bay, Shimoda, central Japan. The photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) curve of each species at the in situ temperature and the photosynthesis-temperature (P-T) curve at near saturation irradiance (400μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)) were determined by using differential gas-volumeters. Maximum photosynthetic rates (Prnax) for P-I curves of the two Sargassurn species were higher from summer to autumn than from winter to spring, while those of the two kelp species showed little difference among seasons. Net photosynthetic rates (Pn) at 100-400μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) of the Sargassurn species were higher than those of the kelp species in autumn, spring and summer, while in winter the rates were about the same between the Sargassurn and kelp species. Among seasons, the light saturation index (1k) values, dark respiration rates and light compensation points of Sargassurn species differed more than those of kelp species. Optimum temperature for P-T curves of Sargassurn species was 29℃ and that of kelp species was 27℃ in summer, while in winter the former was 27℃ and the latter was 25℃. Pn at 400 μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) at 10-33℃ of Sargassurn species were considerably higher than those of kelp species from spring to summer, while from autumn to winter the rates at 5-27℃ were about the same between the two. At supra-optimum temperatures, Pn of kelp species decreased more sharply than those of Sargassurn species in each season. These facts indicate that the two temperate Sargassurn species have a higher potential photosynthetic performance under warmer conditions than the two temperate kelp species even though they grow in the same habitat.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2009

본 논문은 광원 및 디스플레이 기기의 중요한 품질 지표 중 하나인 색특성 측정과 관련하여 대표적인 측정량인 CIE 1931(x, y) 색좌표, CIE 1960(u, v) 색좌표, 상관색온도(correlated color temperature, CCT), 분포온도(distribution temperature)에 대한 측정불확도 평가방법과 그 산출 예를 소개한다. 분광복사계를 사용하여 광원의 상대분광분포를 측정하고 이로부터 위의 색특성 측정량을 계산하는 경우에 대하여 표준소급체계를 소개하고, 상대분광분포의 불확도가 각 색특성 측정량의 불확도로 전파되는 과정을 파장간 상관관계를 고려한 행렬식을 이용하여 일관되게 유도한 후, CIE A 표준광원, LED 백색광, LCD 백색광에 대해 측정불확도 산출 예를 보였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2011

The phenology of Campylaephora hypnaeoides J. Agardh and optimal conditions for carpospore release, growth and reproduction were examined in the field and in the laboratory from January to December 2007. In the field population of C. hypnaeoides, approximately 50% of the plants were vegetative during the study period. Additionally, the percentages of carposporophytes and tetrasporophytes were maximal in April (37%) and June (57%), respectively. Maximum growth in plant length, dry weight, and hook number coincided with the tetrasporophyte reproductive peak in the field. In culture, carpospore release, sporeling growth and reproduction were affected by environmental factors such as daylength, temperature, and salinity. The liberation of carpospores was maximum under continuous light and at a combination of $15^{\circ}C$ and $10\;{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$. Maximum growth of tetrasporophyte sporelings occurred at a combination of $20\;{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ of constant light and $25^{\circ}C$. However, the growth of gametophyte sporelings was maximal under $40\;{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ of constant light and in a combination of $20^{\circ}C$ and 35 psu. The tetrasporophyte sporelings were grew faster than gametophytes, indicating that gametophyte- and tetrasporophyte-sporelings have different physiological responses to irradiance and temperature. Tetrasporangial branches and cystocarps of C. hypnaeoides were produced from carpospores and tetraspores within 1 month, and they were stimulated at high temperature and irradiance levels. In conclusion, C. hypnaeoides should be seeded using carpospores during early winter (November-December) because cystocarps are easily identified by fishermen, and tetrasporophytes grow faster than gametophytes.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.607-615
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• 2010

We investigated the temporal variations of heterotrophic dinoflagellates (hereafter HDNF) and photosynthetic dinoflagellates (hereafter PDNF) from 14 June to 4 September 2003 at a single station in Jangmok Bay. We took water samples 47 times from 2 depths (surface and bottom layers) at hide tide. A total of 63 species were encountered and in general the most abundant genera were Prorocentrum and Protoperidinium. The abundance of PDNF and HDNF was in the range of $0.04{\sim}55.8{\times}10^4$ cells/L and in the range of $0.01{\sim}4.35{\times}10^4$ cells/L, respectively. The mean abundance of PDNF was approximately 7 times higher than that of HDNF, and was higher in the surface layer where has enough irradiance for photosynthesis than in the bottom layer. The total dinoflagellate abundance was higher in the NLP (nitrogen limitation period) than in the SLP (silicate limitation period), and the abundance in the hypoxic conditions was similar to that in the normal conditions. The Shannon-Weaver species diversity index were slightly higher in the bottom layer, the SLP and the hypoxic conditions. The PDNF abundance were correlated with temperature, DO, total inorganic nitrogen and phosphate in the whole water column, and the HDNF abundance was significantly correlated with temperature, salinity and DO. This study shows that the dinoflagellate abundance might be affected by abiotic factors such as irradiance, temperature, salinity, DO and the concentrations of inorganic nutrients, and provides baseline information for further studies on plankton dynamics in Jangmok Bay.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.113-116
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate spectral irradiance characteristics of blue, yellow, and blue-black colored polyethylene (PE) shading net and the effect on growth characteristics and yield in ginseng seedling. The spectral irradiance $({\mu}mol/m^2/s/nm)$ showed the peak at 498 nm in both of blue and blue-black PE shading net, and 606 nm under yellow PE one. The intensity of blue light in blue shading was more strong than that of blue-black shading, control. Blue shading was increased by 17% and 23% in accumulated quantum for daytime, $0.5^{\circ}C and $0.2^{\circ}C$ in maximum temperature on June 2 than that of yellow and blue-black shading, respectively, but heat injury ratio of the former was lower than that of the latter. Chlorophyll content and stem length in blue shading were decreased more significantly than those of yellow and blue-black shading. The specific leaf weight was higher under blue and yellow shading than that of blue-black shading. Ginseng seedling harvested in blue shading was increased by $13{\sim}17%$ in the number of root, and $17{\sim}20%$ in root weight per $m^ 2 compared to yellow and blue-black shading owing to the increase of survived plant, and the decrease of specific leaf weight, heat injury ratio, and stem length.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2004

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the hydrologic cycle which influences economic activities as well as the natural ecosystem. While there have been numerous studies on ET estimation for homogeneous areas using point measurements of meteorological variables, monitoring of spatial ET has not been possible at landscape - or watershed - scales. We propose a site-specific application of the land surface model, which is enabled by spatially interpolated input data at the desired resolution. Gyunggi Province of South Korea was divided into a regular grid of 10 million cells with 30m spacing and hourly temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation and solar irradiance were estimated for each grid cell by spatial interpolation of synoptic weather data. Topoclimatology models were used to accommodate effects of topography in a spatial interpolation procedure, including cold air drainage on nocturnal temperature and solar irradiance on daytime temperature. Satellite remote sensing data were used to classify the vegetation type of each grid cell, and corresponding spatial attributes including soil texture, canopy structure, and phenological features were identified. All data were fed into a standalone version of SiB2(Simple Biosphere Model 2) to simulate latent heat flux at each grid cell. A computer program was written for data management in the cell - based SiB2 operation such as extracting input data for SiB2 from grid matrices and recombining the output data back to the grid format. ET estimates at selected grid cells were validated against the actual measurement of latent heat fluxes by eddy covariance measurement. We applied this system to obtain the spatial ET of the study area on a continuous basis for the 2001-2003 period. The results showed a strong feasibility of using spatial - data driven land surface models for operational monitoring of regional ET.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2013

이중진공관형 집열기는 진공기술을 이용하여 흡수면에서 대류열손실을 줄일 수 있으며, 비교적 적은 온도차에서도 열수송능력과 열응답성이 빠른 이점이 있어 유용한 기기로 연구가 지속적으로 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 태양열 집열기와 냉동기가 조합한 성능실험장치를 이용하여 태양열의 일사량, 유체온도의 제어조건에 따른 집열기의 동적 열성능을 파악하고, 이에 따른 항온조를 이용한 유체의 일정한 온도범위에서 냉동성능을 동시에 측정하여 열역학적 특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과로서 집열효율의 관계식을 도출하였으며, 항온조의 출구온도 $18^{\circ}C$와 $22^{\circ}C$에서 집열기의 출구온도 $25^{\circ}C$로 설정하였을 때 항온조의 출구온도 $22^{\circ}C$ 경우가 외기온도 및 일사량이 증가함으로써 빠른 열전달특성을 보여 평균집열효율이 상승됨을 보였다. 또한 항온조의 출구온도 $18^{\circ}C$에서 냉동기의 성능계수는 6.2~7.1 정도의 결과를 얻게 되었다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2003

온도기반 생태모형을 경관규모에 적용하기 위해 널리 쓰이는 BioSIM을 우리나라 환경에 도입할 경우 예상되는 문제점을 파악하기 위해 먼저 일 최고기온 추정과정을 검토하였다. 과열지수 대신 사용되는 개방도의 신뢰성을 검증하기 위해 전라북도 순창군 동계면 전역을 대상으로 10${\times}$10m 면적 단위로 총 57만여 개 지점의 개방도를 계산하고, 같은 지점에 대해 추분, 하지, 동짓날의 과열지수를 계산하였다. 각 날짜별 과열지수의 변이를 개방도에 의해 설명하기 위한 2차 회귀식을 작성한 바 회귀식의 결정계수($R^2$)는 동지에 0.44, 하지에 0.50, 추분에 0.56으로 Regniere(1996)의 추정치 0.7-0.9에 비해 크게 낮았다. 따라서 개방도를 사용하여 추정된 복잡지형의 일 최고기온값은 신뢰도가 낮아 생태모형의 구동변수로 부적합하므로 반드시 과열지수를 직접 계산해서 사용해야 한다.