• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.855-861
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• 2007

Haptic rendering is a process providing force feedback during interactions between a user and a virtual object. This paper presents a real-time haptic rendering technique for deformable objects based on visual information of intervention between a tool and a real object in a remote place. A user can feel the artificial reaction force through a haptic device in real-time when a slave system exerts manipulation tasks on a deformable object. The models of the deformable object and the manipulator are created from the captured image obtained with a CCD camera and the recognition of objects is achieved using image processing techniques. The force at a rate of 1 kHz for stable haptic interaction is deduced using extrapolation of forces at a low update rate. The rendering algorithm developed was tested and validated on a test platform consisting of a one-dimensional indentation device and an off-the shelf force feedback device. This software system can be used in a cellular manipulation system providing artificial force feedback to enhance a success rate of operations.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

The recent spread of scaled telemanipulation into microsurgery and the nano-world increasingly requires the identification of the possible operation region as a main system specification. A teleoperation system is a complex cascaded system since the human operator, master, slave, and communication are involved bilaterally. Hence, a small time delay inside a master and slave system can be critical to the overall system stability even without communication time delay. In this paper we derive an upper bound of the scaling product of position and force by using Llewellyns unconditional stability. This bound can be used for checking the validity of the designed bilateral controller. Time delay from the sample and hold of computer control and its effects on stability of scaled teleoperation are modeled and simulated based on the transfer function of the teleoperation system. The feasible operation region in terms of position and force scaling decreases sharply as the sampling rate decreases and time delays inside the master and slave increase.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.489-500
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• 2014

In this study, remote handling strategies for a large-scale argon cell facility were considered. The suggested strategies were evaluated by several types of field test. The teleoperation tasks were performed using a developed remote handling system, which enabled traveling over entire cell area using a bridge transport system. Each arm of the system had six DOFs (degrees of freedom), and the bridge transport system had four DOFs. However, despite the dexterous manipulators and redundant monitoring system, many operators, including professionals, experienced difficulties in operating the remote handling system. This was because of the lack of a strategy for handling the installed camera system, and the difficulty in recognizing the gripper pose, which might fall outside the FOV (field of vision) of the system during teleoperation. Hence, in this paper, several considerations for the remote handling tasks performed in the target facility were discussed, and the tasks were analyzed based on ergonomic factors such as the workload. Toward the development of a successful operation strategy, several ergonomic issues, such as active/passive view of the remote handling system, eye/hand alignment, and FOV were considered. Furthermore, using the method for classifying remote handling tasks, several unit tasks were defined and evaluated.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 1996

Hand posture and force, which define aspects of the way an object is grasped, are features of robotic manipulation. A means for specifying these grasping "flavors" has been developed that uses an instrumented glove equipped with joint and force sensors. The new grasp specification system is being used at the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) in a Virtual Reality based Point-and-Direct (VR-PAD) robotics implementation. In the Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Laboratory at Penn State, hand posture and force data were collected for manipulating bricks and other items that require varying amounts of force at multiple pressure points. The feasibility of measuring desired grasp characteristics was demonstrated for a modified Cyberglove impregnated with FSR (Force Sensitive Resistor) pressure sensors in the fingertips. A joint/force model relating the parameters of finger articulation and pressure to various lifting tasks was validated for the instrumented "wired" glove. Operators using such a modified glove may ultimately be able to configure robot grasping tasks in environments involving hazardous waste remediation, flexible manufactruing, space operations and other flexible robotics applications. In each case, the VR-PAD approach improved the computational and delay problems of real-time multiple- degree-of-freedom force feedback telemanipulation.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.22-33
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• 2000

고감속비의 관절을 갖는 고하중 조작기를 원격조작 힘반영 제어시스템의 슬레이브 조작기로 사용할 경우에는 마스터 조작기에 비하여 느린 동특성으로 인해 슬레이브 조작기의 제어입력에 포화가 빈번히 발생한다. 슬레이브 조작기가 유연성을 갖도록 설계한 경우에도 제어입력이 포화되면 위치제어루프가 끊어지기 때문에 시스템이 불안정해지고 슬레이브 조작기가 물체에 강하게 접촉하는 경우가 발생하며, 유연한 힘제어 성능을 얻는데 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 고하중 원격조작기에 대해 제어입력의 포화를 고려한 힘반영 유연성 제어기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 힘반영 유연성 제어기법은 제어입력의 포화를 가지는 원격조작기에 대하여 안정한 힘반영 성능과 함께 정밀한 위치제어와 유연성제어 성능을 얻을 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 제안한 제어기법의 안정도를 해석하였고 실험을 통하여 성능을 검증하였다.